Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty founded the title of the year, which was also the first emperor in China to use it. At the beginning of his reign, he changed the policy of governing by doing nothing in the early Han Dynasty, further weakened the power of governors, and promulgated the canonization decree put forward by minister Zhu, in order to promote the vassal to enfeoffment all his sons by law and force the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he introduced the secretariat rank to supervise the local government. Militarily and economically, centralization has been strengthened, and private businesses such as iron smelting, salt making and wine making are organized and managed by the central government. At the same time, it is forbidden for vassal States to cast money, so that financial power is concentrated in the central government. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", paving the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. However, it is generally believed that he used Confucianism to purify folk customs, and at the same time used spells and criminal names to consolidate the authority of the government, which is the so-called "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism." Ji An and Sima Qian's castration, which were actively used at that time, are famous examples. At the beginning of Liang Wudi's accession to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable, and the national economic situation was also quite good. On the other hand, the separatist factors of vassal countries still exist. Therefore, while continuing to implement various policies of Jingdi, he adopted a series of measures to strengthen centralization. Politically, first, the "favor decree" was promulgated, which allowed the captaincy to enfeoff more children and divide the fiefs of the kingdom, further weakening the power of the captaincy; Secondly, the establishment of China and North Korea weakened the relative strength and consolidated the imperial power. In order to strengthen local control and crack down on local strongmen, he set up thirteen state secretariat, and seven counties in the capital were supervised by a captain. On the military side, it is mainly to concentrate military power and enrich the central military power; On the economic front, we should rectify the finances, issue the orders of "liquidation" and "admonition", levy a tax on businessmen's assets, and crack down on wealthy businessman dajia; Sang Hongyang suggested that smelting iron and boiling salt should be returned to the official camp, and it is forbidden to cast money in counties and counties; The establishment of leveling officers and compensation officers, with the government managing transportation and trade, has greatly enhanced the economic strength of the central government. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest, and implementing the "land substitution law" ideologically are beneficial to the development of agricultural production, adopting Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, ousting a hundred schools of thought, and worshiping Confucianism alone, making Confucianism the dominant ideology of China society and having a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the cultivation of talents. He established an evaluation system, which is the origin of China's talent selection system and has a great influence on later generations. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conducted the first population statistics in human history. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was arrogant and extravagant. In addition to making great events, he sent Li Guangli to attack 20 cities many times for the sake of bloody BMW, which consumed great national strength. In his later years, he became more superstitious about magic and pursued immortality, which added a heavy burden to his finances. Jiang Chong was once again in favor, which led Liu Yuxin to arise and kill Jiang Chong (witchcraft rebellion). Due to the destruction of the Prince's family and the forced death of the Prince's mother, only the grandson of Prince Yu was sick (later Han). Liu Fuling, the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, liked him very much and wanted to abolish him. After the witchcraft rebellion, Liu Fuling became a prince. Liu Fuling's biological mother, Mrs Gou Yi, was executed for worrying about her young mother. Mrs Gou Jian pleaded with Emperor Wu, who said, "You can't live if you are interested." In his later years, due to years of war and tyranny, the national economy was in trouble and the society was in turmoil, and peasant uprisings broke out all over the country. He issued a "crime of overturning Taiwan" to reflect on his own administrative mistakes. On the one hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ended the pro-Xiongnu policy of the previous dynasty from the Mayi War in 133, and began to fight against Hungary, sending Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to conquer, thus relieving the threat of Xiongnu and ensuring the economic and cultural development of the north. At the same time, Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions to open up the Silk Road, strengthen the rule of the Western Regions and develop economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. In southwest China, Yelang and Nanyue regimes were eliminated, and seven counties were established successively, so that today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions returned to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty. In the East, he sent troops to destroy Wei's Korea (present-day Korean Peninsula) from BC 109 to BC 108, and divided the territory of Wei's Korea into four counties: Lelang County, Fan Zhen County, Lintun County and Xuantu County. In November of the first year of Zheng He (92 BC), the witch disaster rose. The wife of Prime Minister Gong Sunhe practiced witchcraft, and the incident of burying puppets in Chidao was reported. Gong Sunhe's family was beheaded, which also implicated Wei Ruyun's two daughters, Yang Shi Princess and Princess Zhu Yi. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched three auxiliary knights to search in the imperial garden and searched everywhere in Chang 'an, and it took eleven days to retreat. In July of Zheng He's second year, Jiang Chong, who was favored by the enemy Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, ordered Hu Wu to say that there was something strange among officials. Liang Wudi ordered Jiang Chong and Hou Han, and they said that officials should investigate them. Jiang Chong falsely claimed that the Crown Prince had the largest number of wooden burials and silk scripts, which was out of line. The prince was very scared when he learned this. He listened to the trick of Shaofu Shide and sent someone to lie that he was the messenger of Emperor Wu and killed Jiang Chong and others. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Prime Minister Liu Quli to send troops to attack the Prince, and the Prince sent troops to confront him. After five days of fierce fighting, the prince was defeated and fled, and was forced to commit suicide. After three years of reconciliation, the truth of this unjust case gradually became clear, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty realized it and ordered the clan to destroy the Jiang Chong family. Halfway through Liu Quli, his wife was beheaded. However, thousands of people were involved in the death of witchcraft. Historians have mixed feelings about Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. On the one hand, he is recognized as the emperor who crusaded against Xiongnu and greatly expanded the territory of China. During his reign, China's territory doubled, and most of his newly incorporated territory became a permanent part of China's existing territory. He established an empire that surpassed Rome and the Republic of China at the same time and was ahead of the whole world in economy and military affairs. His greatest achievement was the popularization of Confucianism, which became the ruling theory of China until the monarchy was overthrown in 19 1 1. On the other hand, many historical critics accused him of extravagance, superstition and the heavy political burden he imposed on the people. Even Liang Wudi's historians had direct critics. Emperor Wu once read Sima Qian's Historical Records and found that Sima Qian was "extremely short and sinned against Emperor Wu". He is very dissatisfied. "He took filial piety and his own history, so he was furious and beheaded." He ruled the whole country with a severe punishment system, but he was a legend.