Analysis on the Application of Biotechnology in Food Analysis
As people pay more and more attention to food safety, the rapid detection technology in the field of food detection is also paid more and more attention, and in this technical field, biological detection technology, as a new technology, has more and more extensive applications. Now, the rapid development of biotechnology will inevitably lead to the continuous supplement and improvement of biological detection methods.
Keywords: food analysis, biotechnology application analysis
Food analysis is an important part of food nutrition evaluation and quality assurance system in food processing, which runs through the whole process of food resource development, food processing and sales. With the improvement of people's living standards, especially after China's entry into WTO, the tariff barriers for China's food going abroad will gradually be replaced by technical barriers. On the one hand, the functionality and safety of food will be paid more and more attention, and the requirements for its analysis accuracy and detection limit will be higher and higher. On the other hand, as food production enterprises and government regulatory agencies, the control of food quality requires on-site nondestructive testing and rapid testing, while the requirements for analysis accuracy and detection limit are relatively low. Therefore, food analysis technology is developing towards time-saving, labor-saving, cheap, solvent-reducing, environmental pollution-reducing, miniaturization and automation.
1 biological detection technology type
1. 1 biological enzyme technology. The biological detection technology of food safety based on biological enzyme has strong specificity. This technology is a very common biological detection technology, which can successfully detect the accurate content of residual pesticides and toxic microorganisms in building samples. In addition, this technology can be combined with other technologies to produce advanced detection technology. For example, this technology and inspection-free technology are widely used in various fields of food safety detection because of their excellent characteristics. The biggest advantage of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is its high accuracy and sensitivity. The experimental results show that the detection limit of pesticide residues in vegetables, melons and fruits is 0, and the detection limit of herbicide residues in dairy products is 0. Therefore, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the World (FAO) vigorously promotes this technology to the food safety inspection departments in many countries, and the food safety inspection technology based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also used as the main technology to detect pesticide residues in the United States.
1.2 PCR technology. PCR(Polymemse Chain Reaction), which means polymerase chain reaction in Chinese, is a method for rapid amplification of specific genes or DNA sequences in vitro. The initial application fields of this technology are gene cloning and transgenic detection. However, due to its many advantages, such as its miniaturization and accuracy, this technology has been successfully applied to other fields. Especially with the understanding of microbial properties in food, this technology has shown broad application prospects in the safety detection of major foods. The technology was first applied to the field of biological detection in 1992, but it was applied to the detection of food safety even later, that is, it appeared in recent years, and it was not until 2002 that the related technology was applied to the detection of dry food in China. By establishing a detection system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, the pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica easily infected in meat, milk and aquatic products commonly used in daily life was detected, and good detection results were obtained. Researchers continue to improve, hoping to combine the biological detection technology based on PCR technology with other methods to find a new and more effective food detection method.
1.3 biochip. With the rapid development of global economic integration, the world's major economic powers attach importance to food safety, and the health and quarantine of imported and exported food has become a trade barrier for major economies. At present, many countries and regions in the world have also developed food detection technology based on biochip technology. The detection technology based on biochip can orderly solidify the biological macromolecules in the detection sample on the surface of the support, then form a dense molecular arrangement, and then hybridize with the target molecules in the labeled sample to be detected. Finally, by analyzing the intensity of hybridization signal, the number of target molecules in the sample to be detected can be judged very quickly, effectively and accurately. Therefore, it can be said that the food detection technology based on biochip is the fastest and most applicable in the existing inspection and quarantine field. Therefore, the biological detection technology based on this technology can have a scientific and rapid understanding of food safety status.
1.4 biosensor. The detection technology based on biosensor is to identify various toxic molecules with high selectivity through biological materials. When the molecules of toxic substances in the sample to be tested are combined with the identification material, the generated compounds are converted into photoelectric signals by the signal converter and output, so as to obtain the detection results of the sample to be tested. The detection technology has the advantages of rapidity, accuracy and reliability, and can meet various requirements in the field of food safety detection to the maximum extent. Therefore, the detection technology has been successfully applied in many fields such as drug residue detection of agricultural products and pathogen detection. Of course, the food detection system based on this technology still has some defects such as unsatisfactory service life and detection stability, which restricts the commercialization of this technology to a certain extent.
2 Analysis of specific application examples
2. 1 Detection of drug residues in food. The harm of drug residues in food to human body has aroused widespread concern, so the analysis technology of drug residues in agricultural products has also developed rapidly. At present, the drug residue detection technologies successfully applied in agricultural products include biological enzyme technology and biosensor technology. The way of biotechnology to detect drug residues appeared earlier. As early as 1989, people began to use amperometric biosensor to detect organophosphorus pesticides in samples, in which artificial enzymes were used. This technique can effectively detect nitrophenol and diethylphenol in samples in a short time.
2.2 Detection of harmful microorganisms. The harm of harmful microorganisms in food to human health can not be ignored, so a rapid and effective detection method is an effective way to limit the spread of harmful microorganisms. Biological detection technology has made many research achievements in this field. Domestic scholars have successfully detected Salmonella in dairy products by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which proves the sensitivity and specificity of this detection method.
2.3 Detection of genetically modified food. With the emergence and popularization of genetically modified foods, and the uncertainty of the impact of various genetically modified products on human health and the environment, effective detection technologies for various animal products have emerged. At present, the biological detection technologies used in this field mainly include acid detection, enzyme activity detection and protein detection.
2.4 Detection of sample composition and quality. The earliest biological detection method used to detect the composition and quality of food samples is food detection technology based on biosensors, but the initial detection types are few. For example, the earliest biosensor detection technology is mainly glucose sensor, which only detects the sugar content in food samples. With the development of biotechnology, more and more technologies are used to detect the composition and quality of samples.
3 Conclusion
With the development of biotechnology, people gradually realize the important role of biotechnology in food analysis. With its unique advantages, biotechnology detection methods show great application potential in food analysis. Its application involves almost all aspects of food analysis, including food quality evaluation, food quality supervision, production process quality monitoring and food science research, etc., especially for analyzing many ingredients that were difficult to detect in the past. At present, due to various conditions, the application of biotechnology in food analysis is not popular. With the continuous development of science and technology, biotechnology will play an increasingly important role in food analysis in the near future.
refer to
Sun lanxiu Biochip technology and food analysis [J]. Bulletin of Biotechnology, 20 1 1.4: 22-25.
[2] Liu Rong. Application of biosensor in food analysis and detection [J]. Dairy Science and Technology, 2009.
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