Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics, which mainly uses probability theory to establish mathematical models, collect data from observation systems, make quantitative analysis and summary, infer and predict, and provide basis and reference for relevant decisions. It is widely used in various disciplines, from physics, social sciences to humanities, and even in industrial and commercial and government information decision-making. With the acceleration of digital process, people are increasingly hoping to summarize some empirical laws from a large number of data, which will never provide some basis for later decision-making. Statistics major is not just a literal expression, but statistics, which includes investigation, collection, analysis and prediction. It has a wide range of applications.

Statistics major mainly includes general statistics and economic statistics. It aims to cultivate senior professionals who have good knowledge of mathematics or mathematical economy, master the basic theories and methods of statistics, skillfully use computers to analyze data, engage in the development, application and management of statistical investigation, statistical information management and quantitative analysis in enterprises and institutions and economic management departments, or engage in research and teaching in scientific research and education departments.

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of statistical methods and techniques is becoming more and more important. /kloc-statistical technology in the 0/9th century laid a theoretical foundation for gene theory. Today, as we are about to enter the 2 1 century, science and technology are increasingly dependent on statistical methods. Many countries in the world, especially developed countries, attach great importance to the research and development of statistical theory. According to the Journal of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and the famous magazines in statistics in recent years, the main problems studied by the international statistical community in recent years can be summarized as follows:

1. The basic theoretical research of statistics includes

Probability limit theory and its application in statistics, tree probability, Banach space probability, random PDE? S, Poisson approximation, stochastic network, Markov process and field theory, Markov convergence rate, Brownian motion and partial differential equation, space point.

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Limit of branching population, large deviation and random mean, cross boundary between sequence analysis and time series analysis, one-to-one correspondence between Markov process and Dirichlet table, central limit theorem in function estimation, stability of limit theorem, causality and statistical inference, predictive inference, network inference, likelihood, M estimator and maximum likelihood estimation, accurate approximation in parametric model, adaptive method in nonparametric estimation, and new contents in multivariate analysis. Theory and application of time series, nonlinear time series, comparison between deterministic model and stochastic model in time series, extreme statistics, Bayesian calculation, change point analysis, stochastic PDE? S estimation, measurement value processing, functional data statistical analysis, etc.

2. The main application fields of statistics are

Social development and evaluation, sustainable development and environmental protection, resource protection and utilization, e-commerce, actuarial science, financial database construction and risk management, macroeconomic monitoring and prediction, government statistical data collection and quality assurance, statistical methods in molecular biology, statistical methods in high-tech agricultural research, statistical methods in biopharmaceutical technology, statistical methods in epidemiological law research and exploration, statistical methods in human chromosome engineering research, quality and reliability engineering, etc.

Domestic profile? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, a new situation has emerged in China's statistical circles: socio-economic statistics and mathematical statistics learn from each other, improve together and create the future together. 1996 10, the National Statistical Society of China, the Probability and Statistics Society of China and the Field Statistical Society of China jointly held a national statistical science seminar. Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, a grand meeting was held in China, which marked that the cooperation between socio-economic statistics and mathematical statistics in China entered a substantive stage. The statistical community has made gratifying achievements in the combination of mathematical statistics and socio-economic statistics, risk management and insurance actuarial, spatial statistics and its application, research and evaluation of government statistical data quality, application of information technology and network technology in statistics, research of finance and securities theory, theory and application of national economic accounting, and research of comprehensive national strength. ? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, the main influential studies in domestic statistical circles can be summarized as follows:

1. Establishment of the first-class discipline status of scientific statistics.

? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, the research and debate on establishing and perfecting China's statistical discipline system are extremely fierce. Statistical circle, right? Big statistics? After a lot of exploration, our understanding gradually unified. So-called? Big statistics? It is precisely because the applied statistics in mathematical statistics, socio-economic statistics, biomedical statistics and other disciplines in China in the past are scattered and narrow. 1998 In September, the Ministry of Education issued the Catalogue and Introduction of Undergraduate Majors in Colleges and Universities, which listed statistics as a first-class science discipline. This is the statistical field of China. Ninth Five-Year Plan? During the period, the achievements were remarkable. This major adjustment of the Ministry of Education is to meet the requirements of market economy and international integration. Wide caliber and thick foundation? Under the guiding ideology, the original 504 majors were adjusted to 249 majors, and more than 50% of the majors were cut off. However, statistics has not only been preserved, but also included in the first-level discipline of science. This is an important achievement of the hard work of the vast number of theoretical workers in China's statistical circles and a blessing for China's statistical circles. Its promulgation has great significance and far-reaching influence on the future of statistics in China. The determination of this professional catalogue further points out the development direction for the long-standing debate in China statistical circles. This direction is to adapt to the international integration of market economy and statistics, that is, scientific statistics. The status of the first-class discipline of statistics shows that statistics is neither a branch of economics nor a branch of mathematics, and statistics is statistics. Although statistics has been identified as a first-class science subject in the professional catalogue of the Ministry of Education, there are many opponents in the field of statistics, especially among economic statisticians in the higher statistics education sector in China. Some scholars believe that statistics in science is mathematics, and only statistics in economics is statistics. Supporters believe that statistics is statistics, and there is a qualitative difference between scientific statistics and mathematics. The statistics of economics has been proved by China's practice to be the liberal arts statistics of the former Soviet Union, which cannot represent the whole statistical discipline as a methodology at all. This debate will continue for some time.

2. Research on the basic theories and methods of statistics.

? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, China's statistical circles have done a lot of research work around the integration with international statistics, and systematically introduced some new progress in foreign statistical research. The most outstanding thing in this respect is that the Statistical Education Center of the National Bureau of Statistics and China Statistics Publishing House organized domestic first-class statistical experts to translate and publish 15 foreign excellent works on modern statistics. These works have opened the eyes of many scholars in the field of statistics in China, and have drawn rich statistical theories and methods from them, which have had a positive impact on the field of statistics in China and laid the foundation for the establishment and development of scientific statistics. In order to meet the needs of the new professional catalogue, statistics teachers in domestic universities have compiled a number of new textbooks on statistical methods and applications. China statistical circles are sampling.

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Methods: Time series analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, nonparametric statistics, regression analysis, index theory, macroeconomic modeling and other theoretical and applied research have done a lot of work.

3. Research on the quality of government statistical data

With the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy, government statistical data plays an indispensable role in the formulation of national development strategy and macro-control of social and economic development, as well as in the formulation of marketing strategies in enterprises and social, economic, environmental and other scientific research fields. Users' expectations for the internal quality of government statistics and the reliability of data generation and provision are also increasing. In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to and studied the quality of statistical data of China government, and published nearly 100 papers or reports. Almost every province has set up a research project on the quality of statistical data, and the National Foundation for Philosophy and Social Sciences has also been established? Research on the Quality Evaluation, Improvement and Guarantee of China Government Statistical Data? Key projects. This project evaluates and studies the government statistical data from the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative aspects, mainly objectively evaluates the quality of China government statistical data from the technical and methodological aspects, and makes some research and exploration on the improvement, enhancement, control and monitoring of China government statistical data from the combination of theory and practice. However, on the whole, most of the existing studies basically stay in qualitative comments, with more criticisms and less substantive suggestions; There are many accusation systems, but few theories and methods are studied, evaluated, improved and identified. Most documents attribute the quality of statistical data to China's political and economic system. In fact, looking at the government statistics of many countries, such as North America and the European Union, there are also data quality problems without exception, and the quality of government statistics is a hot issue that all countries pay close attention to.

4. Risk management and actuarial research.

? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, the research on risk management and actuarial science has developed rapidly, which is mainly manifested in the translation and publication of famous works on risk management and actuarial science in many developed countries, and the number of papers in China Statistical Journal and several national academic conferences on probability statistics has increased significantly. The research of risk management and actuarial science not only meets the needs of China's socialist market economy, but also greatly expands the application of statistical methods. The research in this field has developed from the introduction of foreign theories to the specific application in China, and the actuarial research has expanded from the life insurance field to the non-life insurance field, especially to the social security field in combination with the reality in China.

5. Research on the application of statistics in the field of financial securities.

The Asian financial turmoil since 1997 has brought a crisis to the healthy development of Asia and even the world economy, and China's economic development has also been affected by the Asian financial turmoil. The country's economic security and financial security have been paid attention to by national leaders, which provides new opportunities for the application of statistical techniques and methods. Financial mathematics and financial engineering management center, securities and futures simulation laboratory, financial mathematics department and so on came into being nationwide. Many statisticians in China have become the main force in studying finance, securities and investment. From the published papers, it can be seen that statistical methods are mainly used to study financial securities: (1) efficient portfolio research. The most typical examples are the application of VaR technology and time series model technology with heteroscedasticity. (2) Structural analysis and research. Using multivariate statistical methods to analyze the investment structure of stocks, explore the law of stock ups and downs, and seek the relationship between the development of securities market and influencing factors. (3) Research on financial security probability. Some scholars use the financial data of Southeast Asian countries and China, combined with financial security to give early warning probability, which provides a strong decision-making basis for national macro-control and financial risk prevention.

6. Research on the theory and application of statistical comprehensive evaluation.

In recent years, the study of international competitiveness has attracted extensive attention from all countries in the world. Is China scholar there? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, they began to do research in this field and kept up with the world level through their efforts. In this respect, the statistical methods used by China scholars are equivalent to the world level, and important achievements have been made in combination with China's national conditions and strength. This aspect includes the international competitiveness of the further development of national economic accounting, the international competitiveness of China's scientific and technological innovation in the era of knowledge economy, the international competitiveness of China's financial and insurance fields, the application of statistical methods in the comprehensive evaluation of social and economic development level, and the measurement and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

7. Research on the theory and application of national economic accounting.

? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, the research on China's national economic accounting system was further improved. In terms of content, with the added value and GDP as the core, it has been able to fully reflect the changes in the whole process of China's national economic production, income and distribution, consumption, savings, actual investment, financial investment, balance of payments, capital and wealth stock. It plays an active role in the formulation of economic policies and macro-control by the state. Fortunately, some scholars have made important research achievements in the sustainable development of the country and the combination of environment and accounting technology.

Application of research methods and statistical methods in enterprise quality management? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During the period, one share? ISO9000？ Certification fever has swept the world, and quality system certification has increasingly become a symbol of the quality assurance ability and level required by suppliers in international trade. There are many elements in ISO9000 family standards involving the application of statistical techniques and methods. Nearly 20,000 large and medium-sized enterprises in China have passed the certification. This certification provides a new opportunity for the application of statistical methods. Many statisticians in our country have found the scene of statistical application, which has played an active role in the training of employees in state-owned enterprises, improving their quality, turning losses into profits and improving the national economic situation. In particular, the popularization of experimental design, ISO 14000 and six quality standard technologies has played an important role in improving the management level, product quality and international competitiveness of enterprises.

Sampling survey method and its application research? Ninth Five-Year Plan? During this period, the research and application of sampling survey methods were in full swing in China. For example, the Ministry of Communications has also established a statistical sampling survey system. A large number of statistical data of transportation are basically obtained through sampling survey. Many industries in China conduct sampling surveys on issues of concern to their departments, many departments conduct public surveys on hot issues of public concern, and some newspapers regularly publish survey reports of public surveys. In the early 1990s, many market research companies were established in China. After several years of big waves, the surviving companies in China are now operating well. Internet surveys and telephone surveys are also developing healthily in China. The theory of sampling survey, such as the study of non-sampling error control, has also been widely valued by the statistical community.

Research on the Application of Spatial Statistics and Geographic Information System Folded spatial statistics is a new field of statistical development in recent years, and its main applications include remote sensing, land and resources estimation, agriculture and forestry, oceanography, ecology and environmental observation. In the application of remote sensing technology, the obtained statistical data usually appear in the form of network, which is influenced by atmospheric effect, observation position and measurement tools, resulting in errors. The application of spatial statistics is to study how to control errors, how to establish models and how to process data information for this special data. In resource estimation, the application of spatial statistics lies in how to use spatial statistical data to estimate the total reserves, regional distribution and development degree of resources. Active exploration has also been made in environmental monitoring and other fields.

As the name implies, statistics is a branch of applied mathematics, which mainly uses probability theory to establish mathematical models, collects data from observed systems, makes quantitative analysis and summary, and then infers and predicts, providing basis and reference for relevant decisions. For example, whether the unqualified rate of a batch of drugs is within the allowable range, so as to determine whether it can be listed, it needs to be judged by the samples extracted from statistical research. Although statistics is subordinate to mathematics, according to the setting of American universities, the major of statistics has gradually separated from the department of mathematics and become a separate department of statistics. Now more and more schools set up statistics departments, which is the best proof.

Statistics is one of the most popular applied majors in recent years, and the annual salary of a master of statistics can usually exceed 60,000 to 80,000 dollars. The main reason for the popularity of applications is that applicants have heard that the employment prospects of statistics majors in the United States are very good, and the difficulty of admission is relatively low. Therefore, both applicants majoring in statistics and those who change their major will focus on the application of this major. Therefore, the application competition of statistical specialty is intensified.

Judging from the statistics schools in the United States, statistics can be roughly divided into two categories, one is biased towards theoretical research and the other is biased towards practical application. Referring to several typical schools of statistics in the United States, we can sum up the research direction of statistics. The former mainly includes statistics under the Department of Statistics or the Department of Mathematics, while the latter covers a wide range, including mathematical statistics, biostatistics, environmental statistics, financial statistics, economic statistics, genetic statistics, agricultural statistics and so on. These are branches of research formed by the application of statistics in other fields. The future development of each direction is also different.

For example, mathematical statistics is to summarize the data obtained by limited observation or experiment of random phenomena, find out the inherent quantitative regularity of limited data, and infer or judge the quantitative regularity of corresponding phenomena as a whole. In application, for example, statistical methods can be used for meteorological, hydrological and earthquake prediction research; When developing new products, we use statistical knowledge to carry out experimental design and data processing in order to seek the best production scheme.

Biostatistics uses the principles and methods of mathematical statistics to analyze and explain various phenomena and data in the biological world in order to grasp their essence and laws. Its most common application is in medicine, biology, agriculture and other research. Conduct reasonable investigation or experimental design, and scientifically sort out and analyze the collected data. In the United States, a large part of biostatistics is set up in public health colleges, and you can do research in hospitals or scientific research institutions after graduation. With the rapid development of biostatistics, many schools have established independent biostatistics departments.

In addition, economic statistics is also one of the most popular majors. It is mainly a quantitative investigation and analysis of economic and financial activities, with the purpose of understanding the objective laws of economic activities and implementing scientific suggestions, management and supervision of economic activities.

In addition to the popular branches above, there are some branches such as social statistics. However, with the development and perfection of the discipline, the division of labor in statistics in the United States is not so obvious except biostatistics. On the contrary, the integration of disciplines is becoming more and more obvious, and the cooperation between statistics and other departments of the school is increasing and deepening.