Strawberry hydroponics

Strawberry pipeline cultivation is a method of cultivating strawberries with nutrient solution, no substrate and no soil. Taking the pipeline as the carrier of strawberry cultivation, the intelligent regulation of environmental factors such as nutrient solution, temperature, phosgene and heat is realized by using a microcomputer, so that strawberries can grow, bloom and bear fruit normally and quickly on the pipeline. It is also a mode of hydroponics, which greatly reduces the pests and diseases brought by the soil and is cleaner and more hygienic. It can be cultivated in greenhouses, family balconies, indoors and other places, and adopts three-dimensional cultivation, which greatly improves the yield per unit area. It can also be used as sightseeing agriculture, which is the main mode of urban cultivation in the future. The main technical links are introduced as follows:

1. Location selection

For large-scale pipeline culture, we generally require it to be carried out in greenhouse, which is beneficial to the control of temperature, phosgene and heat. For small-scale cultivation, it can be carried out on roofs and balconies. 1. 1 Fabrication of cultivation frame

The PVC pipes bought from the market are punched every 20 cm, and the aperture is 6- 10 cm. Generally, the length of the pipeline is 8- 10 m, which easily leads to hypoxia in the terminal plant. Put the perforated PVC on the horizontally adjusted wooden frame. The height of the wooden frame is about 1.5m, which is convenient for manual operation. The wooden frame is inclined at 60 degrees, and each layer of pipes is 30cm apart. The number of plants with too large a unit area is small, which affects ventilation and lighting. 1.2 nutrient solution pool

The nutrient solution pool is divided into mother solution pool and liquid storage pool. The liquid storage tank is mainly used for circulating and reflux storage of pipeline nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution can be recycled. The mother liquor pool is mainly used for automatically replenishing mother liquor according to the detected EC value lower than the set value after plants absorb nutrient solution. Nutrient solution pool and mother liquor pool should be low-lying, so that it is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of strawberries.

2. Selection of strawberry varieties

Strawberries cultivated by pipeline generally choose varieties with short dormancy period, short day effect from budding to flowering, high fruit setting rate, cold tolerance, shade tolerance and strong disease resistance, such as red cheek and Fengxiang, which can be listed in spring.

3. Seedling raising and field planting

Strawberry is cultivated in greenhouse by pipeline, mainly in the off-season of spring market, and flower bud differentiation is needed before freezing. One week before colonization, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl were used for preventive disinfection and sterilization. Before planting, cut off old leaves, diseased leaves, stolons, small seedlings, weak seedlings and some rotten roots. Generally, it was planted in early June of 5438+10. When planting, the root neck is wrapped with sponge and can be fixed in a perforated tube.

(1) configuration of nutrient solution

The nutrient solution is prepared by dissolving 236 mg/L of calcium nitrate, 303 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 57 mg/L of ammonium phosphate and 65,438 0.23 mg/L of magnesium sulfate in tap water to make a solution. Take 236 mg/L of calcium nitrate, 0/6 mg/L of chelated iron, 0/.2 mg/L of boric acid and 0.72 mg/L of manganese chloride to prepare solution B, and mix solution A and solution B in a container of 1000 ml for storage as mother liquor. When used, it must be diluted first, and then applied when strawberry plants grow. Maintain the concentration of 1.0 before flowering, that is, take 1 ml of mother liquor and add 9 ml of water. Maintain the concentration of 1.7 after flowering, take 1.7 ml of mother liquor, and add 8.3 ml of water. The pH value was adjusted to about 6.8 with sulfuric acid. Mother liquor should be stored at low temperature and protected from light.

(2) Adjustment of pH value of nutrient solution

It is ideal to keep the pH value of strawberry nutrient solution between 5.5 and 6.5, and it can be detected regularly by portable acidity meter. If the pH value is too high, appropriate amount of phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid should be added for neutralization; If it is a hard water area, it can be neutralized with a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid; If the pH value is too low and acidic, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be added for neutralization. The adjustment period of pH value is 1-2 weeks, and it is found that the reservoir pH value is not suitable for immediate adjustment.

(3) Temperature management

Before budding: the temperature is kept at 24-30℃ during the day, and when it exceeds 30℃, air will be automatically released to cool down; Keep it at 8- 10℃ at night,

Germination stage: the temperature is maintained at 25-28℃ during the day and 8- 12℃ at night.

Flowering period: the temperature is maintained at 22-25℃ during the day and 8- 12℃ at night. If the flowering temperature is lower than -2℃, the stamens and anthers will turn black and the pistil will change color, which will seriously affect pollination and fertilization and early strawberry yield.

Fruit expansion and maturity: the greenhouse is kept at 20-25℃ during the day and 8- 12℃ at night. At this stage, the greenhouse is too high, and the fruit expansion is affected, which leads to the rapid coloring and early maturity of the fruit, but the fruit is small and the quality is poor.

(4) Humidity management

The humidity in the solar greenhouse should be reduced as much as possible during the whole growth period, because diseases are prone to occur if the humidity is too high, which will affect the normal growth and development of strawberries. During flowering, the humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled at 40%-50%. More than 50% automatic ventilation.

(5) Control of auxiliary light

The optimum temperature for strawberry growth is 15-25℃, and it is a light-loving plant. Short sunshine below 12 hours can promote flower bud differentiation, dormancy and plant dwarfing, while long sunshine can promote its growth and development. 1mid-October to1mid-October,165438+1mid-October, intelligent intermittent light supplement was carried out to promote the vegetative growth of strawberries, and red plant light supplement lamp was best used to improve photosynthetic efficiency.

(6) foliar fertilizer management

During the whole growth process of strawberry, 0.2%-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed every 7- 10 day, mainly urea in the early stage and potassium dihydrogen phosphate after flowering in the later stage.

(7) artificial pollination

Strawberry is self-pollinated, but cross-pollination can significantly improve yield and quality. The probability of cross pollination can be increased by releasing bees, ventilation at flowering stage, artificial point feeding and variety collocation cultivation. Generally, there are 1-2 boxes of bees per mu of sunlight greenhouse, and the total number of bees is 1, 000-20,000, so as to ensure that a strawberry has more than one bee. You can also brush the open flowers many times after 65,438+00 in the morning, so that the pollen in the pistil is evenly distributed on the whole receptacle. Or flowers on fan plants can be used to assist pollination.

(8) thinning flowers and fruits

The old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time during the growth period of strawberry, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, so that the plants can receive light evenly. A strawberry has 2- 3 inflorescences, and each inflorescence has 5-30 florets. In order to ensure that the fruit is too neat, some flower camps sparse flowers before the first floret opens, leaving 10- 12 flowers per inflorescence. When the fruit turns red, it should be harvested in time, once a day.