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Hardware graduation design excellent graduation design abstract? What are the main parts to start with?
Graduation design (thesis) is the last important learning link for students before graduation, and it is an important process of deepening and sublimation of learning. It is not only a comprehensive summary of students' learning, research and practice achievements, but also a comprehensive test of students' quality and ability, and it is also an important basis for students' graduation qualification and degree qualification certification.

I. Composition of graduation design (thesis) materials A. Graduation design (thesis) task book; B. Graduation design (thesis) performance evaluation book; C. Graduation thesis or graduation design instruction (including cover, Chinese and foreign abstracts or overall design instructions (including keywords), contents, text, thanks, references and appendices); D. translation and reproduction of the original text; Drawings, floppy disks, etc.

Two. Fill in the graduation design (thesis) materials and bind the related materials. The graduation design (thesis) uses the graduation design (thesis) data package printed by the school, the graduation design (thesis) task book, the graduation design (thesis) performance evaluation book, the graduation design (thesis) cover and manuscript paper (downloaded from the academic affairs office, the school unified paper format, using A4 printing paper).

Graduation design (thesis) materials should be carefully filled in as required, with neat fonts and neat volumes, and the handwriting should be written in black or blue-black ink; The task book shall be filled in and signed by the classroom teacher, and issued after being signed by the dean (department head). Graduation thesis or design instruction should be bound in order: cover, Chinese and foreign abstracts or general design instructions (including keywords), catalogue, text, thanks, references and appendices, and then put together with graduation design (thesis) task book, graduation design (thesis) performance evaluation book, translation and original (bound together), engineering drawings (folded and bound according to national standards) and floppy disk.

Three. Contents and requirements of graduation design instruction (thesis) A complete graduation design (thesis) should include the following aspects:

1. Title

The title should be short, clear and general. Title words should be appropriate, not more than 20 words. If you must put some details in the title, it can be divided into main title and subtitle.

2. The abstract or design summary summarizes the content of the research topic in a condensed form. Chinese abstracts are about 300 words, and foreign abstracts are about 250 words. Generally, there are 3 to 5 keywords.

The general description of design mainly introduces the source of design tasks, design standards, design principles and main technical data. The number of Chinese words should be within 1, 500 ~ 2,000 words, the number of foreign words should be around 1 1,000 words, and the number of keywords should be around 5.

3. Content

The table of contents is compiled by three-level titles (i.e.1...,1...,1...), and the title hierarchy is required to be clear. The titles in the table of contents should be consistent with the titles in the text, and the appendices should be listed in the table of contents in turn.

4. Text

The text of graduation design instruction (thesis) includes introduction, text and conclusion, and its contents are as follows: The introduction should explain the significance, purpose, research scope and technical requirements of this topic; Briefly describe the development and existing problems of this topic at home and abroad; Explain the guiding ideology of this topic; Explain the main problems to be solved in this topic, with more words than abstracts.

The text is a detailed statement of the research work, including: the problems, basic premises, assumptions and conditions of the research work; The establishment of the model and the drafting of the experimental scheme; Basic concepts and theoretical basis; Main methods and contents of design calculation; Experimental methods, contents and analysis; Theoretical demonstration, the application of theory in the project, the results of the project, and the discussion of the results. According to the nature of graduation project (thesis), students generally only cover the above parts.

The conclusion is the summary of the whole research work, the comparison between the obtained results and the existing results, the existing problems of the subject, and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion should be general and short.

thank you

Thank-you letters should express their gratitude to those who have given direct help in the process of project research and design task book (paper) writing (such as instructors, answering teachers and other personnel) in short words. This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others, and it is the ideological style that scholars should have.

6. References and appendices

Reference is an indispensable part of graduation design (thesis), which reflects the source of graduation design (thesis), the breadth and reliability of materials, and is also the author's recognition and respect for other people's knowledge achievements. A complete reference can provide readers with valuable information. Generally speaking, there should not be too many references for graduation design (thesis), but the main documents should be above 10, including more than 2 foreign documents.

Appendices refer to some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value, and can be included in the appendix of graduation project (thesis), such as formula derivation and programming. If there are many symbols quoted in the text, it is convenient for readers to refer to. You can write a symbol description and point out the meaning of the symbol. Generally, the length of the appendix should not be too large. If the appendix is longer than the text, it will make people feel top-heavy.

Four, graduation design (thesis) requirements

The graduation project (thesis) of our school generally includes design, theoretical research (science), experimental research, computer software design, economics, management, liberal arts and synthesis. The specific requirements are as follows:

1. Design category (including machinery, architecture, civil engineering, etc. ): Students must draw a certain number of drawings independently. In addition to computer drawing, there are also 1 ~ 2 drawings (including Figure 2 and Figure 2) drawn by hand; /kloc-design specification of 0/5000 words or more (including calculation and survey report); There are no less than 10 references, including more than 2 foreign documents.

2. Theoretical research (science): Engineering students are generally not recommended in this kind of discipline. Unless the topic is really meaningful, all departments should carefully choose the topic. The number of words in the graduation design report or thesis should be more than 20000 words; According to the topic, ask questions, analyze problems, propose schemes, model, simulate, design and calculate, etc. There are no less than 15 references, including more than 4 foreign documents.

3. Experimental research: students should independently complete a complete experiment and obtain enough experimental data, and the experiment should be exploratory rather than simply repeating the existing work; It is necessary to complete a paper of more than 15000 words, including literature review, discussion and conclusion of the experimental part, etc. There are no less than 10 references, including more than 2 foreign documents.

4. Computer software: students should independently complete a software or a module in a larger software, and have enough workload; Write software instructions and papers of 10000 words or more; If the graduation design (thesis) involves the content of the circuit, it is necessary to complete the debugging work, have complete test results and give various parameters; When it comes to computer software, it is necessary to run the computer demonstration program and give the running results.

5. Economics, management, liberal arts: students complete the opening report under the guidance of the teacher; Write a monograph with a certain level of more than 20,000 words (the length of foreign language professional papers is more than 5,000 words. ); The number of references is not less than 10, including foreign language 1-2.

6. Comprehensive category: Comprehensive graduation design (thesis) requires at least the above three categories. If there are engineering design contents, the workload of drawings can be reduced as appropriate, and papers with more than 10000 words can be completed, with no less than 10 references, including more than 2 foreign documents.

Each student is required to: (1) translate 20,000 words of printed foreign language text or more than 5,000 words of relevant technical materials or professional documents (foreign language majors translate 6,000-8,000 words of professional foreign languages or write 10000 words of foreign language Chinese reading reports), and the content should be combined with the subject as far as possible (the translation and the original text should be bound separately). (2) Computer drawing, or data collection, data processing and data analysis, or literature retrieval and paper editing. Drawing is the basic training of engineering design. Students use computer drawing in graduation project, but as the basic training of drawing, they can require certain ink lines and pencil drawings. Graduation design drawings should meet the drawing standards, and students should refer to the Drawing Specification for Graduation Design printed by the Academic Affairs Office in March 2004.

Five, graduation design (thesis) writing rules

1. Writing

Graduation design (thesis) should be written or printed on the manuscript paper designated by the school (the handwriting must be in black or blue ink). Words and charts should not be written on the back of manuscript paper. No part of the text should be written outside the framework of the manuscript paper, and the manuscript paper should not be arbitrarily extended or shortened. Chinese characters must use standardized characters published by the state.

2. Punctuation marks in graduation project (thesis) should be used in accordance with the Usage of Punctuation Marks published by the Press and Publication Administration. 3 nouns, names and technical terms, as far as possible, use the standardized words published by the National Natural Science Terminology Examination Committee or the names specified in national standards and ministerial standards. Customary names can be used for terms that are not uniformly defined or whose names are controversial. When foreign abbreviations are used instead of noun terms, their meanings should be indicated in brackets when they first appear. Foreigners' names are generally written in English according to the principle of first name and surname. Generally well-known foreign names (such as Newton, Darwin, Marx, etc. ) can be translated according to the usual standard translation methods.

4. Quantity and unit

Quantity and unit must adopt People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard GB 3 100 ~ GB 3 102-93, and adopt the International System of Units (SI). Units of non-physical quantities, such as pieces, stations, people, yuan, etc. , can be combined with Chinese characters and symbols, such as piece/station, yuan/kilometer.

5. Numbers

The measurement and statistics in graduation project (thesis) are all in Arabic numerals, but Arabic numerals are generally not used to describe small numbers, such as "he discovered two asteroids" and "three forces acting on a point", which should not be written as "he discovered two asteroids" or "three forces acting on 1 point". The approximate number of people can be chinese numerals and Arabic numerals, such as "/kloc-about 0/50 people" or "/kloc-about 0/50 people".

6. Title hierarchy

All title levels of graduation design (thesis) should be orderly, neat and clear. The same level should be expressed in a unified way, and the contents under the titles at all levels in the text should correspond to their respective titles, and there should be no contents unrelated to the titles. Chapter numbering method should adopt hierarchical Arabic numeral numbering method. The first level is "1", "2" and "3", the second level is "2. 1", "2.2" and "2.3", and the third level is "2.2. 1".

The title of each layer is written in a separate line. The first-level title is written in the middle; The ordinal number of the secondary title is written in the top box, and the title is written in the blank box behind, without punctuation at the end; The titles of Level 3 and Level 4 are written in two spaces, and the titles are written in the next space. The heading order of independent lines below the fourth level is a.b.c ... and a.b.c, two spaces for ordinal number and one space for title. In the text, the sub-items contained in the total item shall be numbered separately, and the sub-items in the sub-items shall be numbered in semi-brackets, and no other punctuation marks shall be added after the brackets.

Step 7 take notes

When there are individual nouns or situations that need to be explained in the graduation project (thesis), you can add notes. Notes can be made at the end of the page (put the notes at the bottom of the notes page) or at the end of the article (concentrate all the notes at the end of the article), not in the middle (put the notes in the middle of the text). Comments are only written on the same page where comment symbols appear, and writing on other pages is not allowed.

8. Formula

The formula should be written in the middle, the number of the formula should be enclosed in brackets and placed at the end of the right line of the formula, and no dotted line should be added between the formula and the number. 9. Form

Each table should have a preface and a title, which should be written in the center of the table, and the title should be written in blank after the preface. The next page of the table is allowed, the title can be omitted, the header should be written repeatedly, and "Continued Table ××" should be written in the upper right corner.

10. Description

The illustration of graduation design must be carefully made, the line thickness should be appropriate, and the drawings should be neat and beautiful. Each illustration should have a picture order and a picture title, and be placed in the middle below the picture position. The map should be drawn with ink lines on tracing paper or white paper, or by computer.

1 1. Reference

All references should be placed at the back of the text, and the writing format of references should conform to the national standard GB77 14-87-87. References are naturally numbered with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and general sequence codes should be enclosed in square brackets instead of parentheses.