(1) accident

In the production process, an accident refers to an accident that causes death, injury, occupational disease, property loss or other losses.

There are many ways to classify accidents. In the statistics of industrial accidents in China, according to the causes of accidents, industrial accidents are divided into 20 categories, namely, object strike, vehicle injury, mechanical injury, lifting injury, electric shock, drowning, burning, fire, falling from a height, collapse, roof caving, water seepage, blasting, gas explosion, gunpowder explosion, boiler explosion, container explosion and other explosions.

(2) Potential accidents

Accident hidden danger generally refers to the unsafe behavior of people, the unsafe state of things and the defects in management in the production system that can lead to accidents.

Considering the cause of the accident, the hidden dangers of the accident can be divided into 2 1 categories, namely, fire, explosion, poisoning and suffocation, water damage, collapse, landslide, leakage, corrosion, electric shock, falling, mechanical injury, coal and gas outburst, road facilities injury, road vehicle injury, railway facilities injury, railway vehicle injury, water transportation injury, port and dock injury, air transportation injury, airport injury.

(3) Danger

According to the viewpoint of system safety engineering, danger means that the possibility of unexpected consequences in the system exceeds people's tolerance. From the concept of danger, we can see that danger is people's specific understanding of things, and we must specify specific objects, such as dangerous environment, dangerous conditions, dangerous state, dangerous substances, dangerous places, dangerous personnel and dangerous factors.

Generally, the degree of danger is used to express the degree of danger. In safety production management, the degree of danger is given by the possibility and severity of accidents in the production system, namely:

R=f(F，C)

Where r is the degree of danger;

F- the possibility of accidents;

The severity of the accident.

(4) Hazard sources

From the perspective of safe production, hazard source refers to the source or state that may cause personal injury, disease, property loss, work environment damage or other losses.

(5) Major hazard sources

Broadly speaking, the hazards that may lead to major accidents are major hazards.

China's standard "Identification of Major Hazard Sources" (GB18218-2000) and Article 96 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Safety in Production clearly stipulate that major hazard sources refer to units that produce, transport, use and store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily. When there are many substances in the unit, the number of dangerous goods is equal to or more than a critical quantity (including places).

n

∑qi/Qi≥ 1 ( 1—2)

i= 1

Where gi—— refers to the actual amount of substance I in a unit;

Gas-the critical quantity of substance I;

N-the number of kinds of substances in the unit.

Three. Safety and intrinsic safety

(1) security

Safety means that people in the production system are protected from unbearable dangers. In the production process, the conditions that no casualties, occupational diseases, equipment and facilities damage or environmental hazards occur refer to safety conditions. It refers to the safety situation in which the interaction among people, machines and the environment has not caused system failure, personal injury or other losses.

(2) Intrinsic safety

Intrinsic safety means that equipment, facilities or technological processes contain inherent functions that can fundamentally prevent accidents. Specifically, it includes two aspects:

(1) Safety function failure. It means that even if the operator makes mistakes, accidents or injuries will not occur, or the equipment, facilities and technological processes themselves have the function of automatically preventing unsafe behaviors of people.

(2) Fail-safe function. Refers to the failure or damage of equipment, facilities or technology, which can temporarily maintain normal work or automatically turn into a safe state.