(1) official documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to the document practical writing issued in the name of party and government organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions to express legitimate wishes, contact and handle official business, and record and transmit information. Such as: orders, replies, instructions, reports, etc.
(2) Working papers
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to a series of documents produced by enterprises, institutions, departments, social groups and individuals for the normal operation of work, production and study. Such as plan, summary, articles of association, system, etc.
(3) Legal documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to various documents produced by the judicial department according to the needs of legal procedures in the process of law enforcement. Such as: transcripts, filing reports, appraisal books, indictments, mediation books, judgments and various complaints.
(4) Economic documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to the documents used by financial, taxation, industry and commerce, auditing and business groups, companies and individuals in market operation and business contacts. Such as: financial reports, market research, bidding documents, contracts, and various business documents of finance and taxation, industry and commerce, auditing, real estate and other departments.
(5) Articles and documents
This kind of document refers to some documents that have evidence function in people's daily work and life. Such as: leave note, message note, debit note, receipt, receipt, note, reminder note, gift note, etc.
(6) Letters and documents
This kind of official document refers to the official document that people communicate with each other and express their wishes in their daily life and work. Such as: general letters (letters to elders, letters to younger generations, letters to brothers and sisters, letters to relatives and friends), love letters (first love letters, courtship letters, love letters), letters of commendation, letters of recommendation, condolences, invitations, thank-you letters, cover letters, consultation letters, letters of introduction, confirmation letters, and applications (application for joining the Party, application for joining the League).
(7), etiquette documents
This kind of official document refers to the official document that people use in social communication activities and follow the long-standing etiquette forms and activities. Such as: greetings, congratulatory letters, invitations, welcome speeches, farewell speeches, inscriptions, eulogies, obituaries, condolence letters, inscriptions, couplets (holiday couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, festive couplets, elegiac couplets, scenic couplets), etc.
(8) Notification documents
This kind of document is an announcement style that organizations (or individuals) openly explain to everyone and let more people know. The notice can be posted, distributed or widely disseminated through newspapers, television, radio and other media, which is a favorable means to establish an organizational image and expand its popularity. Such as: essay, friends, subscription, opening, looking for you, looking for things, recruitment, enrollment and so on.
In addition, there are conferences, notarized wills, science and technology, publicity, advertisements, historical records and other genres.
2. Economic application text 1. The most commonly used method in practical writing is (ade) A. Narrative B. Description C. Lyric D. Argumentative E. Description 2. The commonly used methods of economic activity analysis report are (a) A. Comparative analysis B. Factor analysis C. Dynamic analysis D. Static analysis E. Comprehensive comparison 3. Generally, there are several kinds of economic contract objectives (D. objective B. monetary objective C. behavioral objective D. engineering objective E. labor objective 4. The following languages belong to the planning category: (a) A. Scheme B. Economic decision-making scheme C. Arrangement or plan D. Opinion E. Market forecast report 5. Written materials written after a separate research and analysis of a topic in economic activities are (c) A. Comprehensive analysis report B. Thematic analysis report C. Brief analysis report. Single analysis report e. system analysis report 6. The difference between investigation report and work summary is (d) A. Stylistic nature B. Social role C. Reflected object D. Article structure E. Expression 7. Summary needs to focus on these aspects (d) A. Requirements of superiors B. Basic situation C. Achievements and experiences D. Existing problems and lessons E. Direction of future efforts 8. The first part is (c). A. Issuing authority B. Document number C. Document title D. Annex E. Main sending authority 9. The following languages belong to the upper language: (c) A. Order B. Request C. Report D. Notification E. Letter 10. The most common forms of advertising are (a) A. Newspaper advertisement B.
1) has different specific functions. The report is a reading document, its main function is to report the work to the superior, reflect the situation and make suggestions, and it is a declarative document; Asking for instructions is a batch of official documents, whose main function is to ask for instructions and approval from higher authorities.
(2) The content is different. Most comprehensive reports involve many matters, even special reports often involve several aspects of a matter, and reports with many contents and long length are more common; The writing of instructions emphasizes an article, and instructions with single content and short length are more common.
(3) The timing of writing is different. The report can be written before, during or after the work; Ask for instructions must be written in advance, not to act first.
2. Summarize the main differences from the investigation report. * * * Similarity: the materials are combined with each other, but the narrative discussion is different: the investigation report is written by others, using the third person; Summarize and write yourself in the first person. 3. What are the principles of selecting topics for financial papers?
The topic selection should have certain theoretical significance and practical application value, meet the requirements of training objectives and reflect professional characteristics. Writing must integrate theory with practice. 4. According to the nature of the content, how many kinds of notices can be classified? 1. Mandatory notice, guidance notice, regulatory notice, policy notice, implementation notice, promulgation notice, appointment and removal notice, meeting notice and general notice III. Writing topic (20 points for each small question, 60 points for * * *) 1. According to the general writing of the plan, please write a copy in 2008 in combination with your job position and responsibilities.
Writing requirements: complete structure and concise wording. The main requirements of the plan are: clear tasks and objectives, very specific measures and steps and time arrangement. The tasks and measures should proceed from reality and leave room.
In the half year since the personal work plan in the second half of 2008, under the direct command of the company leaders, with the help and support of various departments, the office has done a good job of overall planning, uploading and distributing, further improved its working ability and ideological quality, and successfully completed many tasks such as company publicity, personnel management, employee training, file management, logistics services, and company security. As a comprehensive functional department of the company, the office has played a good role and made due contributions to the development of the company.
In particular, a lot of detailed and concrete work has been done in uploading and distributing, providing decision-making basis for leaders, strengthening company management and company system reform, and certain results have been achieved, and all the work is being carried out in an orderly manner. This paper makes a brief summary of the work in the past six months: First, strengthen management, improve various management systems, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of personnel.
In order to strengthen the management of people, money and things, we have improved the previous management systems, highlighted the system management, strictly followed the rules, further clarified the job responsibilities, improved the routine management of official seal use, paper use, computer use, leave, duty and so on, fully reflected the management idea of treating people with things, and all the work was orderly. Reasonable deployment of personnel, fully integrate existing personnel, so that people can give full play to their talents and fully mobilize their enthusiasm for work.
Recently, the company has carried out salary reform and implemented post salary and performance salary. Clear everyone's job responsibilities and tasks, so that the division of labor is clear and the responsibilities are clear.
Everyone can support and help each other from the overall interests of the work. It has greatly increased the sense of responsibility of employees, fully mobilized the initiative and enthusiasm of employees, and effectively promoted the long-term development of the company.
Second, strengthen study and improve quality. To do a good job in office work, we must have high theoretical quality and the ability to analyze and solve problems.
Office workers should learn through various channels. To this end, all offices are equipped with computers and use online resources to learn work-related knowledge, constantly broaden their horizons, enrich their minds and enhance their ability to keep up with the development of the situation and meet the needs of work. Improve theoretical level, professional quality and working ability.
Third, do a good job in daily management of the office. 1 personnel file management, record the details of factory employees, and do well the entry procedures and work of new employees.
2. The office collects and sorts out all kinds of documents in time, and stores them in a clear order for easy reference; 3. A subsidiary ledger of office supplies is established, and each office supply has a detailed record, which is distributed as needed, and the record of warehousing and warehousing is clear at a glance, so that office supplies can be replenished in time to meet everyone's needs; 4. A telephone fax receiving system was established to record and send faxes in time, which facilitated the follow-up work and improved the work efficiency; 5. Make records of the company's pure water collection, make monthly statistics, settle accounts, and settle accounts on 1 month 1 day. 6. Attendance and rice sales.
The company implements attendance.
3. What are the main features of economic practical documents? (1) The role of economic practical writing Under the conditions of modernization and informationization, the role of economic practical writing in economic exchanges will be more prominent than before: 1. The role of public relations communication in economic activities, no one or any unit can avoid dealing with the outside world.
For example, to start a business, you must apply for a license from the Administration for Industry and Commerce; Both parties need to sign cooperation agreements and contracts; To promote products, you need to plan advertisements; To negotiate business, you need to send letters. These all need to be linked by practical writing.
Practical writing is accurate, appropriate and clear, which is conducive to business development and communication between the two sides, thus playing a good role in public relations communication. 2. The role of publicity and education There are many documents in the article, such as "Decision", "Notice", "Notice" and "Regulations", some of which are used to publicize the principles and policies of the party and the state and commend advanced and successful experiences; Some criticize mistakes and expose bad phenomena and ugly behaviors, so as to correct and unify people's ideological understanding, standardize people's behaviors, enhance people's legal concept and sense of work responsibility, thus ensuring social stability and continuously promoting social development and progress.
3. The role of communication and contact Practical writing is a link to strengthen the relationship between superiors and subordinates, and it is also an effective tool to contact all parties concerned. For example, the superior and the subordinate report; Exchange information and experience among all units, learn from each other's strengths, promote each other, improve together, and promote socialist modernization.
4. The use of vouchers and materials in economic activities and practical writing are also the basis for carrying out work, solving and dealing with problems. (1) The role of economic practical writing Under the conditions of modernization and informationization, the role of economic practical writing in economic exchanges will be more prominent than before: 1. The role of public relations communication in economic activities, anyone and any unit will inevitably have to deal with the outside world.
For example, to start a business, you must apply for a license from the Administration for Industry and Commerce; Both parties need to sign cooperation agreements and contracts; To promote products, you need to plan advertisements; To negotiate business, you need to send letters. These all need to be linked by practical writing.
Practical writing is accurate, appropriate and clear, which is conducive to business development and communication between the two sides, thus playing a good role in public relations communication. 2. The role of publicity and education There are many documents in the article, such as "Decision", "Notice", "Notice" and "Regulations", some of which are used to publicize the principles and policies of the party and the state and commend advanced and successful experiences; Some criticize mistakes and expose bad phenomena and ugly behaviors, so as to correct and unify people's ideological understanding, standardize people's behaviors, enhance people's legal concept and sense of work responsibility, thus ensuring social stability and continuously promoting social development and progress.
3. The role of communication and contact Practical writing is a link to strengthen the relationship between superiors and subordinates, and it is also an effective tool to contact all parties concerned. For example, the superior and the subordinate report; Exchange information and experience among all units, learn from each other's strengths, promote each other, improve together, and promote socialist modernization.
4. Voucher information plays a role in economic activities, and practical writing is also the basis and voucher for carrying out work, solving problems and handling problems. Such as documents issued by superiors, laws and regulations promulgated by the Party and * * *, relevant rules and regulations, etc. , can be used as the basis for work and inspection; And some items, contracts, notarized materials, etc. , is also a voucher in the economic business. Once there are problems and disputes, relying on these vouchers, you can pursue the other party's responsibility and safeguard your own interests through law.
To engage in audit activities, it is necessary to issue audit reports, make audit conclusions and so on. In addition, some important applied articles are also historical archives. To understand the political and economic situation in a certain period, or the production and operation of a certain aspect, we only need to consult the application articles archived at that time.
(II) Purpose and Significance of Learning Economic Practical Writing In today's society, practical writing, especially economic practical writing, has a closer relationship with people. Mr. Ye Shengtao, the former president of China Writing Association, also warned: "Writing is often needed in work, study and life, so writing must be learned, and it is necessary to learn well ... University graduates do not have to be able to write novels and poems, but they must write practical articles, and they must be fluent and solid."
Why do you say "must"? First of all, learning to write economic practical writing is the need of the times. John, a famous American social forecaster? Naisbitt pointed out in the best-selling book Megatrends-Ten New Directions to Change Our Life: "There are three most important things to remember in the transition from an industrial society to an information society", one of which is: "In this text-intensive society, we need to have basic reading and writing skills more than ever before."
Some foreign experts and scholars call people's reading and writing ability "the first culture" and mastering computer language "the second culture". As people with higher education in modern society, they must master these two cultures, otherwise they will become laggards of the times and become modern illiterates. As students majoring in economics, they should master the skills of economic practical writing, otherwise it will hinder their own development and affect their work, let alone better serve the economic construction of the motherland.
Secondly, learning to write economic practical writing is the need of economic development. The development of economy puts forward new requirements for higher education and personnel training, which urgently requires us to train a large number of economic talents who understand economic management, collect all kinds of economic information and can speak and write.
Because of this, this course is now widely offered in many economic colleges and universities. Some professional and technical title examinations, national civil service examinations, etc. , have specially set up practical writing as an examination subject for talent selection, and economic practical writing has been widely recognized and valued by the society and the public.
Even in the world, the research on applied writing is generally valued. In the United States, more than 100 majors offer practical writing courses, and more than 20 universities and research institutes also recruit master students and doctoral students in practical writing.
Many countries recruit factory directors and managers, mainly depending on whether you can put forward reform ideas and write a high-level economic management article with original ideas according to the actual situation of enterprises. Today, with economic construction as the center in our country, we need to be proficient in professional technology, economic management and.
4. What is practical writing? Practical writing is the general name of various styles with direct practical value, standardized format and concise language used by various enterprises, institutions, groups and individuals in social activities such as work, study and daily life, to handle various public and private affairs, transmit and exchange information and solve practical problems.
Practical writing attaches great importance to practicality in content. Used to handle affairs and solve practical problems, with strong practicability. To achieve good results in transmitting information and solving practical problems, practical writing must pay attention to time, efficiency and timeliness. Generally speaking, practical writing often deals with specific problems at a specific time and delivers relevant information as soon as possible, so it is very time-sensitive. If you don't send a document in time, procrastinate, or be an afterthought after time passes, the information will lose its practical value.
Practical writing has its usual features and main styles. There are many styles established by the society for a long time, and some styles are uniformly stipulated by the state, such as official documents. There are also some simple practical writing formats. No matter what style, it is to improve work efficiency and give full play to its tool role.
Extended data
With the development of social economy and its increasingly fine social division of labor, professional practical writing style came into being, which met the specific needs of all walks of life, expanded the field of practical writing, and increased and enriched the types and contents of practical writing. For example:
(1) financial practical writing. Refers to all kinds of financial professional documents used only for financial work, and is the general name of economic application style specially used for economic activities.
(2) Practical writing in banks. It is an applied style used by bank enterprises in their daily business work. It is written about handling and solving the specific work of bank deposits, credit, planning, accounting and management. Its content is related to the capital movement of banks and reflects the content of banking activities.
(3) Foreign trade practical writing. It is a special English application style for foreign economic and trade enterprises. It is a professional language written in English when business personnel engaged in foreign investment and trade communicate, handle and solve specific foreign trade and economic work.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Practical Writing
5. What are the main styles of official document writing? The main styles of official document writing are: 1, report 2, meeting minutes 3, notice 4, instruction 5, closing speech 6, letter 7, order 8, announcement 9, resolution 10, briefing1,proposal1. Plan: 1. Official document writing: official document writing refers to the drafting and revision of official documents, and it is a writing activity in which the writer makes a statement on behalf of the organ, reflecting the intention and will of the organ leaders.
Modern official documents mainly refer to documents with legal effect and normative style formed by party and government organs in the process of implementing leadership and administrative management, and are important tools for leadership management and official activities. It also refers to the official documents formulated and used by various organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions at all levels.
Second, the classification of official document writing: official documents can be divided into two categories according to their nature: general official documents and special official documents. General official documents are divided into upper writing, parallel writing and lower writing according to the writing direction; According to the circulation source, it is divided into communication, post and text; According to the author's nature, it is divided into official documents within the party, administrative documents and social organization documents; According to the nature of the post, it is divided into questions and replies; According to the requirements of content processing, it is divided into reference documents and undertaking documents; According to the processing time requirements, it is divided into urgent documents, urgent documents and ordinary documents; According to the classification, it is divided into top secret documents, confidential documents, secret documents and ordinary documents; According to its characteristics and functions, it can be divided into normative documents, imperative documents, reportable documents, informative documents and recorded documents.
Ordinary official documents can be divided into administrative official documents and business official documents according to language types. According to 12' s Provisions on Handling Official Documents of Party and Government Organs, the types of administrative official documents include the following 15: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters, minutes, bulletins and resolutions.
Official documents include: plan, summary, research report, leaders' speeches, typical materials, etc. Special official documents refer to written materials with specific content and format, which are formed and used by organs with specific functions in specific fields.
It mainly includes: financial documents (market survey reports, economic contracts), judicial documents (indictments, judgments, transcripts), diplomatic documents (credentials, bills, passports, treaties) and military documents. References:
Baidu encyclopedia official document writing.
6. What languages are there for practical writing? Practical writing includes:
1. Languages of official legal documents: orders, motions, decisions, opinions, announcements, notices, notices, reports, requests, replies, letters and meeting minutes.
2. Daily business terms: briefings, rules and regulations, speeches, investigation reports, plans and summaries.
Three. Economic application language: contracts, advertisements and brochures, tenders, tenders and market research reports.
4. Applicable documents of law: public security organs (filing reports, case-solving reports, prosecution opinions), people's procuratorates (indictments, decisions on approving arrest, and protest letters), people's courts (civil judgments and rulings of first and second instance in criminal judgment, first and second instance), and others (criminal private prosecution, civil indictments, pleadings, criminal appeals, civil appeals, petitions, etc.).
5. Public relations communication genre: introduction (general letter, letter of introduction and proof, proposal and application, invitation letter and employment letter), sympathy (condolence letter, commendation letter and thank-you letter), congratulations (greetings, congratulations and telegrams) and welcome (thank-you letter) 6. Other commonly used genres: news (news, words of thanks)
Practical writing is a kind of articles that are used by state organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and the people in their work, study and life, which directly serve real life and have practical value and customary format.
This style is a tool for people to exchange ideas, experiences, information, public relations and specific affairs.
7. What are the characteristics of practical writing? What are the following characteristics of practical writing?
practicability
The main task of practical writing is to solve practical problems. For example: to analyze economic activities, we must write economic contracts; For legal acts, you should write a complaint and a defense; Invitations, congratulatory letters and congratulatory messages should be written for ceremonial activities, obituaries should be written for the deceased, eulogies should be written for memorial service, and couplets should be posted on the doorframes for weddings, funerals and celebrations; Notice should be issued at the meeting, and important matters should be approved by superiors. In short, in order to do something, solve a problem, exchange experiences, dredge an emotion and reach an agreement, we must choose a specific language suitable for expression and stress practical results. It can be said that each style has strong practical value. Practical writing is not a style for people to appreciate and ponder, nor a style for scholars and poets to compete with, but a style for people to practice and use to achieve some utilitarian purpose.
(2) Authenticity
Practical writing requires the author to write in strict accordance with the true colors of objective things, and never allow fiction and imagination. Authenticity is the life of applied stylistic writing. Only by truly transmitting all kinds of information to all aspects of society, giving the upper level feelings and reaching the lower level feelings, will its stylistic value be effectively realized, otherwise it will be distorted and bring adverse effects and even harm to society.
(3) targeted
Practical writing has a clear utilitarian purpose, which is to deal with and solve practical problems in social life. Therefore, there are clear and specific recipients with strong colors. From the choice of genre, the arrangement of format to the use of words, we should choose and choose according to the purpose and audience of writing.
(4) timeliness
Timeliness includes three meanings: timeliness, timeliness and time limit of application. The so-called modernity is to closely integrate with reality, keep pace with the times and adapt to the changes and needs of the times. The so-called timeliness means that the writing task is required to be completed within a certain time limit. Delay will affect the function and even delay the work. The so-called effectiveness of action time refers to the direct effect only within a certain period of time. When the purpose of writing is realized, its direct function disappears and the text becomes archival material.
(5) Instrumentality
Practical writing itself is not a goal pursued by people, but a means to actively achieve a specific goal. It transmits all kinds of information through the medium of language, and plays an instrumental role in all aspects of society, economy, culture, science and technology and even daily life.
(6) Normality
Practical writing has a fixed style, rigorous format and accuracy. There are specific requirements for its text form and release procedures, and attention is paid to standardization. In actual writing, different kinds of practical writing have a set of corresponding styles to serve the content, and all have their usual formats, structures, techniques and writing requirements, which are relatively stable and will not change for a long time. Of course, what we call fixation is only relative fixation. From the long-term historical development, practical writing experience changes with the development of the times and social life.
8. What is the role of economic instruments? 1) practicality.
Practicality is the value orientation of economic documents. Any economic literature is not a general feeling, but a concern, trying to solve practical problems. Specifically, its practical value is embodied in:
1. can reflect the new trends, new situations, new experiences and new problems in economic construction, and carefully analyze and study them, so as to explore and discover the development law of economic activities and make decisions for formulating economic principles and policies. Make plans and provide scientific basis.
2. In view of various practical problems in modern economic management activities, timely make decisions, instructions, notices and explanations. Put forward measures and methods to solve the problem, so that management activities will no longer run along the track of North China and promote modern economic management.
3. Be able to sort out the new economic form suitable for China's national conditions and the development of China's market economy, reflect the process of its development and optimization, and make correct guidance for economic reform.
For economic literature, if we can really solve some practical problems, it will certainly have guiding significance for economic work and high practical value.
(2) Authenticity
Economic documents reflect the laws of economic activities and solve practical economic problems. They should proceed from reality, reflect the true face of objective things and convey accurate information. Economic literature cannot be artistic fiction like literary works. We must seek truth from facts, be reasonable and well-founded, and oppose distorting facts, distorting angles, practicing fraud and exaggerating. Specifically, we should do the following:
1. Time, place, people, events, background, process, details, etc. What is reflected is the true nature of the facts, without doping, exaggeration and distortion.
2. All kinds of data and statistics should be accurately quoted. For some important data, we must verify and calculate repeatedly, and we can't make any mistakes.
3. To reflect the logical relationship of the objective facts and reveal the objective economic laws, we should simply and objectively "hear and see" instead of unilaterally emphasizing truth-seeking. We can't just see the trees without the forest, the phenomenon without the essence, and occasionally deny the inevitability.
(3) The fundamental difference between benefit economic activities and other activities is that it must emphasize economic benefits. Articles are the reflection of objective things, and economic documents directly reflect, influence and act on economic activities, which are inextricably linked with economic benefits. This requires that economic documents should be linked with economic benefits from different angles and aspects, with different contents, forms and methods, so as to serve the improvement of economic benefits. For example, the market research report should serve to solve the problem of marketable products of enterprises; Economic contracts should consider the immediate economic interests of enterprises; The audit report should focus on checking and evaluating the economic benefits of enterprises: the decision-making plan report should consider putting forward the best scheme with good economic benefits; Commodity advertisements should aim at making profits by selling goods and services: … In short, economic benefits are the core content of economic management, and improving economic benefits is the fundamental goal of all economic management activities and the ultimate goal of writing economic documents. Therefore, in the writing of economic documents, we must firmly establish the concept of benefits, pay attention to analyzing various factors that affect economic benefits in economic activities, and pay attention to providing practical measures and programs that help improve economic benefits, ensure the normal operation of economic activities, and achieve the best economic benefits.
(4) Policy orientation
Market economy is a legal economy, and relevant economic regulations and policies are the basic rules of economic operation and the guiding principles of economic document writing. This requires that the contents of economic documents should embody and permeate the spirit of economic laws and policies, and analyze economic phenomena, study economic situation and solve economic problems according to relevant laws and policies; We should conscientiously implement and publicize the relevant laws and regulations of the state in light of specific economic tasks, specific events and specific problems, and reflect the political intentions and fundamental interests of the state power. When signing an economic contract, its contents must comply with the relevant provisions of the Contract Law and be within the scope permitted by the national tax, finance, price and other laws and policies. The release of commodity advertisements should also be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Advertising Law, which has a strong policy nature and can ensure the authenticity and legality of advertising content.
(5) Procedural
This is mainly in the format and language of economic documents. Economic documents are very professional. In order to accurately and appropriately express and deal with it in time, in the long-term writing practice, I gradually formed my own different and relatively fixed format and writing norms. Each style has its own general pattern, and writing should be carried out in accordance with certain norms, procedures, standards and requirements, and it is not allowed to be changed at will. Standardization is an important guarantee to realize the unification, completeness, accuracy and effectiveness of economic documents, and it is also a basic measure to improve the writing speed and efficiency of economic documents. At the same time, it also uses computers to write economic documents. It laid the foundation for scientific management.