1, the son of Yan in the clouds-a brief introduction to Yan's life

Lu Xun said that the twenty-four histories are the genealogy of emperors and princes. Then, in this family tree, there is naturally no biography of a freak like Yan. Yan's life story is confusing, and the year of birth and death cannot be tested. The reason is worth pondering.

Yan was born in the eighth year of Tiansheng (AD 1030), when his father Yan Shu was forty years old. When Ouyang Xiu wrote an inscription for Yan Shu, he described eight extraordinary sons and said, "A few words are all great wishes from Taichang Temple." (Tombstone of Yan Shu) According to the number of people, Yan is the seventh son, which is consistent with what Huang Tingjian called "the son of Lin Zi Gong" (Preface to the Mountain). Its Taichang Hall wishes Taiguan, which is the shadow of his father and the leisure Cao enshrined in the imperial court.

You are a son of Xiangmen, and you are brilliant. As a teenager, Yan naturally experienced the ups and downs of lyrics, poetry and wine, and enjoyed luxury. The scene at that time, as described in itself? Quot Uncle Shen Shilian and Uncle steve chen lived in the Dragon House, where there were lotus flowers, rainbows, apples and clouds. Every time I get a solution, I teach my children grass. The three of us drank wine and listened, just to laugh. ("Yanshan Preface")

In the eighth year of Li Qing (A.D. 1048), he wrote "Partridges Open in Lan Lian". After this word, Huang Sheng's Selected Poems of Hua 'an has the following annotation: "It is a great honor that Kaifeng House and Jiji Temple played together in the Qing Dynasty, and Renzong hosted a banquet in the palace." This shows that Yan's early voice is quite negative.

In the second year of He Zhi (AD 1055), Yan Shu died. Yan was about twenty-six years old. The death of his father was a turning point in Yan's life. Chunfeng's career and horseshoe disease came to an abrupt end. This heartless young man immediately felt the frost and snow sword outside? Quot I often think that elegance is not valued by the world. Although the princes like it, their hopes are slim, so Lu Chen is in a low position. "(Huang Tingjian's Preface to Mountain Residence")

In the seventh year of Song Dynasty (AD 1074), Yan was imprisoned. "In the Song Dynasty, Xia Zheng wrote a letter, and he was locked up. He learned to be kind to good people at ordinary times. Xia Jia found Uncle Yuan and Xia:' Xiaobai is long, red and full of branches. He is alone outside the stadium. Spring breeze is a guest of mankind. How long can it prosper? "Yuling called it" release ". Although he was narrowly missed, he was also jailed, which was definitely a heavy blow to his spirit and accelerated his development in the direction of' abnormal condition'.

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1082), Yan was appointed as a junior official of Jianyingchang Town. When I learned about Xu Zhou and Xu Zhou, Yan wrote new words to offer. "Shao Baozhi" contains: "Uncle Yan was originally a late son in Linzi, supervising Xutian Town of Changfu, writing long and short sentences and being a handsome teacher in the government. Shao Shi newspaper: "If you have new words, you will have enough covers, but not enough morality. May Lang Qun donate more talents to make up for his shortcomings, which is beyond the expectation of the old officials. "A prison magistrate, dare to make a long sentence with a glass of wine, shows that he is a master, strict with his master, and loyal to Langqun. I am very proud of my uncle and very virtuous in the Han Palace. " This quantity is very interesting. It shows three different values. First, strict values regard literary creation as a lofty cause, not a "path". As Huang Tingjian commented, "Lei Kuiquan is curious, ignores scruples, writes in calligraphy and stands on his own feet" (Preface to the Hill). Therefore, regardless of his humble status, he dared to dedicate his words to a powerful Han Wei. In Yan's view, this balance can only be called the level of literary value, but not the level of secular status. Second, the values, he criticized "talent is more than enough" and "why it is more than enough", because "talent" broke through the general social norms and challenged the established world with its uniqueness; Why is it "moral deficiency"? Because Yan's ci lacks the beauty of "gentleness and gentleness", Yan's personality also lacks the reason of "calmness" of Song Confucianism. In the minds of senior officials like Han Wei. Shao's heart may appreciate it more, but he can't help leaning towards Han's virtue, which reflects the suppression and rewriting of the individual by the concept of the times.

In the fourth year of Yuan You (A.D. 1089), he collected poems from the mountains. "Xiaoshan Word Order" cloud? Quot wrote an article for Gao. High refers to Fan Chunren in Fan Zhongyan. Wan Shucheng said, "Yuan You, a former army officer, has been in charge of the Changfu government for four years, and he has seen Zaifu's watch. Replace Han Zhenren. July of that year was a good day. " It can be speculated that the relationship between Fan and Yan is very good, and Fan has given Yan a lot of material and spiritual help and support. Therefore, Yan specifically mentioned it in the preface. As Mr. Xia said: "Word order means' compiling for high', which is almost to say, this is what Fan urged, not this. My uncle refused to meet people in the yamen, and now he is old, otherwise he would not have told the nobles to look around in hill dialect. " (Chronology of Er Yan)

"Yanbei Magazine" records: "Yuan You, my uncle is used to writing long and short sentences, and Perilla is looking forward to seeing Huang Lu. Then Xie said, "I don't have time to meet my old guests in the government hall today." "At that time, Su Shi was famous all over the world, and his strict answer showed his" abnormal "temperament. At this point, Xia Pu recorded Yuan You for three years. At that time, the mountain was nearly 60 years old.

In the fourth year of Chongning (A.D. 1 105), Yan was appointed as an official of Kaifeng Prefecture. After less than a year in office, he begged for food and retired from the capital, not practicing the noble door. According to the famous note "Blue Chicken Manzhi", "In the winter of September, Cai Jing sent officials to ask long and short sentences, and he was happy to be unhappy for nine days, and' welcome the new year with the new year', without Cai's words." At this point, Yanshi was over seventy years old, while Geng Jie Bough's personality remained unchanged. There are many sentences describing the feelings in his later years in Poems on the Mountain, such as "Dongye died without beauty. After Yu Jun went, he made few friends and was easy to remember the past. With a bald head and Wang Jian here, I can still see poets singing "(by the river)," Wu Shuang is a blockbuster, sad and clear "(Pan Qingbo) and" first frost knows that there are several spring breeze when he walks here "(Langtaosha). These are all regarded as evidence of Yan's later years.

2. Congenital and acquired

Huang Tingjian said in Preface to Mountain Residence that the Yan family has "four hobbies", that is, "being an official is a hobby, but it is not a gentleman's family; The thesis has its own body, refusing to be a new Jinshi language, and it is a delusion; It's a delusion to spend millions and be cold and hungry at home. " It's another kind of idiot to trust people without hating them, but never doubt that they have cheated them. These "four idiots" vividly summarized Yan's character.

Hill's infatuation is first of all a natural character, which means "real infatuation" rather than "pretend infatuation". Therefore, his "delusion" is particularly lovely and amiable. "Mo Zhuang Man Lu" records: "Yan Shu used to have a lot of books, and every time she moved, her wife hated it, saying that her uncle used to ask someone to move the paint bowl. Uncle's original work is a poem saying,' I only live in a bowl, but I'm afraid to work hard. Although it is composed of a false combination, it is not self-sufficient. Ruan Yun is out of tune, Yan Pu Shu * * * Fuck. Morning glory is more than one meter, and membership is not good at night. He survived by begging from door to door, and finally escaped along the banks of Ganze River. Choose appropriate clothes as staff, called robes. Being bought by mulberries is better than lying on the ground. This is just a question of self-planning. Hu Er should not be greedy. The world despises Yuan Xian, while people are driven by Ao. May you share this device and cherish it to the frost. "This is one of the few five-character poems in the mountains, which can reflect its temperament. The values of hill are the values of freak, and the values of wife are the values of desire. There is a huge difference between them. The value of literature is not to make people live a better life, on the contrary, it forces writers to fall into a west wind and lean horse lifestyle. This is Xiao Shan's choice. He knows that when literature is externalized into a rice bowl, literature loses its hard texture. In this poem, there is a strong loneliness; There are both sad self-mockery and persistent pride. Strict marginal position is his conscious choice. He had many opportunities and conditions to integrate into the mainstream society, but he didn't make good use of them. This is his nature.

The essence of the hill includes two aspects: one is madness and the other is truth. Because it is true, it shows its madness; Because of its madness, it shows its truth. Born in a noble family, he can deeply understand the secret of power: those dignified and dignified appearances supported by power are just paper tigers to him. When analyzing Yan's "Looking at the Wild Goose Holding White Fish", he wrote: "From some words in his poems, we can see his fear and contempt for the gain and loss in officialdom." The exposition is quite accurate, but I think strict "fear" and "disrespect" are not so much "fear" as "disrespect" Yan was not born in poverty. He was exposed to the darkness of officialdom since he was a child. In his eyes, officialdom is: "When will the world be enough when the official has been idle for a few days?" "Your face is not red, and my sideburns are not green." The reason why he quit the officialdom is an instinctive disgust.

Yan Dui's infatuation is also caused by many acquired factors, which must be observed and investigated in a grand historical and cultural background. French artist Dana believes that just as a plant can only grow at the right time and place, an artist can only be born in a special race, environment and atmosphere of the times. "Every situation will produce a mentality, followed by a number of works of art that adapt to this mentality." According to this idea, let's first look at Yan's background and cultural influence.

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the social economy developed rapidly and the political climate was relatively relaxed. The literati class not only received generous treatment from the regime, but also maintained a certain degree of personal dignity. Their lives are comfortable rather than hard, their thoughts are tolerant rather than rigid, and their feelings are rich rather than dry. They have both great political ideals and small interests in life. At that time, there were no formal prostitutes in the central and local government offices, but there were prostitutes in the homes of dignitaries. An anecdote about Yan Shu said, "Yan Yuan took this as a good omen and Zhang Xi 'an took it as a general. It is very desirable for the public to accept new children. First, it can be a poem or a party. Every time I come, I make my son feel embarrassed. It is often what Geziye did. Later, Mrs. Wang couldn't bear it anymore and went public. One day, Ye Zi came and the public drank with him. Ye Zi wrote this word for prostitutes to sing. In the last sentence, the public listened and said,' Life is fun, so why bother?' I am anxious to take out a certain amount of money from the library to get my former servant back. Now that I am here, my wife will never be able to do anything. "This story vividly illustrates the attitude of literati in the early Song Dynasty to eat and drink in time and enjoy life. This attitude has undoubtedly had a profound impact on Capitol Hill.

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