Viewing the value orientation of the ancients from the number of ancient literati Abstract: There are three names of the ancients: name, character and number. Among them, the names and characters are greatly influenced by parents and elders, and their good wishes are pinned. Names are the names of parents and elders when they were born, Chinese characters are the scientific names when they first entered school or society, and numbers are the titles that the ancients obtained to express their interests freely without being restricted by family, patriarchal clan system, etiquette and peers. Therefore, it more clearly and concretely reflects the value orientation of the ancients themselves. Influenced by the social atmosphere of different dynasties, it also showed different characteristics. Paper Keywords: value orientation, style of study, social atmosphere There are three main appellations of ancient China literati: name, character and number. Compared with the three, names and characters are the names that parents and elders place their hopes and blessings on. Huan Gong recorded the naming principle for six years, "seeking the name of Shen Yu. Right:' there are five, faith, righteousness, image, emptiness and category. Take the name and life as the letter, the virtue and life as the righteousness, the class life as the image, the thing as the fake, and the father as the class. Not by the state, not by officials, not by mountains and rivers, not by hidden diseases, not by animals, not by coins. "Therefore, the determination of' name' and' word' will be subject to many restrictions. Sometimes it is not the expression of the user's own meaning, but the number is the title for expressing personal hobbies and ideals according to his own wishes after adulthood. There is no accurate record about when "Hao" originated in history, but it existed as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For example, the four sons in the Spring and Autumn Period, Huang Xie, Zhao Sheng and Wuji, were named, Chun, and Xin respectively. By the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, more literati had their own titles. For example, Tao Qian was named Mr. Wu Liu, and Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian were called the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. But the atmosphere has not yet formed. It was not until the Tang and Song Dynasties that the wind of literati playing numbers became popular. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of literati reached its peak. Not only did everyone have a number, but also a person could have several numbers. Because the number of literati is mostly the expression of personal interests and aspirations, and it also objectively reflects the social atmosphere and value orientation in various historical periods. There are many types of ancient literati's self-names, but they are nothing more than the name of self-study; From one's original place of residence; Express hobbies and ambitions directly. These self-names directly or indirectly revealed the value orientation of ancient literati and reflected the social atmosphere at that time. Ancient literati took the name of their study (Zhai) as their own name. For example, Li Qingzhao, a graceful poet, was named Yi 'an Jushi; Wang Shouren, a philosopher in the Ming Dynasty, was named Mr. Yangming; Huang Daozhou, a scholar and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, was named Shi Zhai; Feng Menglong, a novelist with three words and two beats, was named Master of Mohanzhai. The painter Xu Wei was named after his study. Some ancient people directly took their native place or place of residence as their names. Li, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named "Shaoling Yelao" by Du Fu, Bai Juyi was named "Xiangshan Jushi" by his contemporaries, and Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Huangzhou and later named "Dongpo Jushi". Pu Songling, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, was named "Liu Quan Jushi" and Yuan Mei was named "Cangshan Jushi" in his later years. Their names are all derived from his birthplace or place of residence. The ancients used "self-naming" to directly express their hobbies and ambitions. He, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a fanatic in the Ming Dynasty, Lu was a sad son, Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Song Dynasty, Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji, a bold poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu, a gold writer, Li, a writer and painter in the Ming Dynasty, and one of the "four monks" in the early Qing Dynasty was called the Eight Great Mountains. However, when we look at the figures of ancient literati in China comprehensively, we will find another feature. The number of literati in different dynasties always has some similar characteristics. The Tang Dynasty, with its prosperous economy and literature, is regarded as one of the most powerful dynasties in China. Li Bai, a great poet in this period, called himself a violet layman in his later years; Poet Du Fu, young and old at night; Bai Juyi was a layman in Xiangshan in his later years; Li Shangyin was born in Yuxi; Han Yu, Mr. Chang Li; Poets Wang Ji, Zi Donggaozi and Mr. Wudou ... It can be seen that the names of these literati also reveal a wild and unrestrained momentum under the influence of the free and open atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty. Literati in the Tang Dynasty were not bookworms in old paper piles, but just read all day. More scholars advocate "reading thousands of books and following Wan Li Road", that is, we should pay attention to the cultivation of our modern language practical ability. They paid more attention to nature and despised fame and fortune, so they were more laymen in the name of literati in the Tang Dynasty, and of course they were influenced by the rulers' admiration for Buddhism at that time. The rulers of the Song Dynasty still respected Buddhism, and many scholars in the Song Dynasty took the name of lay people, such as Ye Wei, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, who took the name of lay people in the thatched cottage. Writer Ouyang Xiu calls himself 6 1 laity; Writer Su Shi claimed to be a Dongpo layman; The poet Qin Guan claimed to be a Huaihai layman; Chen Shidao, a poetess, is a famous Buddhist in Houshan; Li Qingzhao, a poetess, calls herself Yi 'an layman; Zhu, a poetess, calls herself a hermit ... Compared with the "layman" in the Tang Dynasty and the "layman" in the Song Dynasty, she is more keen on academic research. For example, Ouyang Xiu calls himself a "61 layman", which means "my family has 10,000 books, 1,000 epigraphy books, a piano, a chess game and a pot of wine". Wang Guowei said: "The Song Dynasty was the most academic and progressive. ..... So many aspects of Tianshui's intellectual activities and culture, before the Han and Tang Dynasties and after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, are beyond our reach. " Moreover, the literati in this period were no longer far away from the temple, and a large number of scholar-type officials appeared, such as Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Su Shi, etc ... So the literati in this period rarely saw the intention of seclusion in the mountains. However, after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, under the influence of national subjugation and extinction, the literati revealed their thoughts of not forgetting the Song Dynasty's desire to recover lost land in their own names, such as the poet and painter Zheng Sixiao's name "Sonan". The characteristics of the number of literati in the Yuan Dynasty have changed again, especially the number of literati with "Taoism", which may be related to advocating Taoism in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, the social atmosphere was extravagant, and the rulers at that time were obsessed with the pursuit of immortality. Many literati are negative and depressed. For example, Tang Bohu, a romantic genius of the Ming Dynasty, called himself "Liu Rushi". "Six Rus" refers to life as illusion, dream, bubble, shadow, dew and electricity. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the adherents of the Ming Dynasty lived under the rule of the Manchu Dynasty and missed the motherland. For example, after the death of Ming Taizu, Zhu Da, a famous painter, called himself the "Eight Mountain Man", and even wrote the "Eight Great Congresses" when signing his paintings and calligraphy works, which means crying instead of crying. It is through the symbol of "Hao" that these literati publicize their life aspirations and pursuits to the world all the time, hoping to change the face of the country through personal efforts, and show us the ambition pursuit of ancient literati "worrying about the world first and enjoying the world later". "Governing the country by cultivating one's morality" is exactly the goal pursued by scholars in past dynasties. They first devoted themselves to the production of spiritual and cultural products. They are proficient in the subset of classics and history, and their words are powerful, and they have created a large number of popular poems and songs. They influenced the society at that time with their knowledge and integrity, and showed the unique value orientation of ancient intellectuals in China, which was "based on heaven and earth, based on life, based on the past, and harmony was the most important thing", and enriched the spiritual heritage of feudal culture in China.