2。 Guide and help students to fully understand the humanistic concern of scientific consciousness and pursue science;
3。 Students' oral communication and written form of conveying scientific and technological information to others are pure comedy and scientific and technological paper writing skills.
Four activity suggestions
1。 "Kehai boating incident, but don't forget the language of" fishing "when boating, try to combine scientific thinking with scientific attitude, scientific spirit with language, mother tongue consciousness with humanistic care, reading, oral communication with writing;
2。 This activity is rich in experience and intellectual challenge, which guides students to strengthen the experience of scientific feelings and attitudes, establish correct scientific values, and strive to stimulate students' extensive scientific and technological knowledge and enthusiasm for new technical issues, thus improving students' scientific literacy and language quality;
3. This activity is divided into four parts. On the basis of eight study groups (also known as joint working groups), each group selects a unified report on behalf of the class to fully display the activities of the research group.
5 Activity evaluation
1。 Students' mutual evaluation, student evaluation, self-evaluation and team leader members in the stage of group learning activities; Students communicate in class and evaluate at different levels. In the exhibition stage, the representatives elected by teachers and students are evaluated.
2。 Using subdivided evaluation methods, collecting materials, consulting, oral communication and writing evaluation can be used as the basic strength of students' Chinese quality, helping students to learn, learn from each other's strengths and strive to strengthen.
3。 The process involved in the two also pays attention to students' activities and behaviors, especially the changes of emotional attitudes and the improvement of their abilities (self-longitudinal comparison); Evaluate students' roles and achievements in activities. The actual level of students' information collection, oral communication and writing (compare students horizontally).
information
The pace of prose science (Zhao Xue, Zhao) BR/& gt；;
The form of popular science is not limited to words or literary texts. Scientific knowledge, especially because of a new dynamic carrier of operators, regardless of the speed of postal service, the importance of quantifying science and comedy is not there if it is not concentrated on popular scientific essays and literary performances. The advantage of this article is that it is scientific, simple, simple and fast, and then it needs to convey two important qualities through mass media. However, the science of prose is still science, and the prose of popular science prose is also science. However, the advantages of scientific prose and poetry, drama, novels and essays are that they are good at abstract thinking and artistic thinking of images, compatible with logic and have irreplaceable value. A furnace rolls freely, making it easier to wander between science and literature. To sum up, the literary function of the "sketch" combining science and literature, the interest in spy science and scientific quality, and the relationship between science and society, life, culture and life.
Due to the limitation of space, science comedy short films can only capture the dust of the universe, a drop of water in the ocean, the leaves of the system tree, or the 12 nodules of scientific network life, but the author has real knowledge and feelings, and can see the small and see the big.
The germination of Chinese scientific sketches can be traced back to the pre-Qin period, Li Daoyuan in the Southern Dynasty, Su Shi, Shen Kuo, Xu Ming and Wang Xueyin in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Pu Songling, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty. The representative works of scientific sketches are enough to have separate chapters, but the "sketches" we are talking about here, especially modern science and comedy, are not only applicable to the concepts of modern literature, but also reflect the concepts of modern science and modern life. In this sense, in promoting science and democracy, the second is the foundation, while western learning is applied, not before and after the New Culture Movement in China. As long as we can find the first sketch of Zhang Kexue, the only certainty is that none of Li Siguang, Zhu Kezhen, Zou Taofen, Zhang and Liu copied Confucianism. Then there is the real scientific sketch, the essay of "scientific sketch" without a name. The formation of the concept of scientific sketch needs to wait until these articles. September 20th 1934 is a scientific sketch of the history of Memorial Day. In the mid-1930s, it was the autumn of national crisis and national peril, and there was a profound discussion about where to go in China literature. Screaming, Chen Wangdao's paper on the first question, White, a bimonthly magazine edited by him, was published in the column of Science through four architectural sketches by Zhou, Jia Zuzhang and Liu. With a branch of science (also a branch of popular science creation), prose works start from a name. So under the title of "scientific sketches", a group of writers were United to create.
1934 the scientific sketch in the name was born in the cry, which is a milestone in the beginning of prose science. Since then, 1983, after the cultural silence of the "Cultural Revolution", the activities of 18 * * that night were held together with scientific essays, which was the second milestone. Since then, scientific editors and China Evening News Journalists Association have jointly published papers on 1986 and 1994, and the second and third scientific papers, with the applicant's statement of 10000 in each issue. The impact is enormous and unprecedented. The third joint paper is an opportunity for us to understand the composition of scientific sketch conditions. Nowadays, most writers are scientific and technical personnel who live in the front line of scientific research, teaching and production. They are familiar with their own problems, their own observations, accumulation, inspiration, understanding, exploration and discovery of original articles and their own writing. He is a "scientific surprise" rolling into this territorial sea that combines scientific and social needs with literature reports. Therefore, emerging at any time has become an important feature of the team.
Compile and take this opportunity to briefly review the characteristics of scientific sketches, the readers of the course and the significance of scientific sketches. Although science and its historical prose exist objectively and have their own objective laws and standards, laws and standards, they only contend with a hundred schools of thought among independent exploration and creation of free diversity. Independent exploration is necessary for scientific spirit.
(Excerpted from the largest department of science and literature, science and prose, Hunan Education Press, 1999)
2。 The Best Science Teacher-Nature
198 1 Japanese chemist Ken Fukui wrote: China youth wrote:
Young people who want to know the knowledge of the road I have traveled and respect the way of nature. Nature is an indispensable teacher for me, and it is also an objective and awe-inspiring question for me.
Kenichi Fukui is just sensible, and often squats in the yard, staring blankly at unknown weeds with his eyes open. He sometimes uproots weeds and green leaves, which makes him look at it carefully for a long time. When he was young, he chased butterflies in the flying season. He had no choice but to run into the nearby mountains. The scenery on the mountain is so beautiful! Look at the masterpieces and modesty of nature and explore the mysteries of nature. Every new discovery will excite you for days, small and unforgettable.
Kenichi Fukui's favorite school, and then collect plant specimens. In his second hometown, many well-known or unknown flowers, grasses and leaves are arranged neatly and look very old. To others, he always faces a pile of hay and leaves, which looks a bit silly, but he gets a lot of fun from it.
Mainly upgrade his collection, minerals, plants and insects. Forgotten, until his later years, he brought back an ancient iron mine along the tree edge of Tezuka Mountain in Osaka. Similarly, his cousin told him about minerals, swamp iron ore and wood sinking into lakes or swamps. Let this small Qian excited: Oh, my God, this mountain is actually the bottom of the lake in ancient times! Personally think!
Kenichi Fukui's hobby of collecting butterfly specimens remained until his later years. His fame went to the United States to give lectures. He missed his flight because he was looking for a beautiful butterfly in the Woods near an airport in Florida. He also went to the Grand Canyon in Arizona to catch butterflies and wear them, and did not set aside time to enjoy the scenery of the famous Grand Canyon.
Parent Kenichi Fukui: Being close to nature is the privilege of human beings, so children are encouraged to play outside. Father also often goes to the suburbs to fish for the children in his spare time and tells them about fish and fisheries. In Kenichi Fukui Middle School, families who rent houses outside go to the seaside for a holiday every summer and go fishing and swimming there.
Kenichi Fukui said when talking about how he embarked on the road of scientific research:
What was my fate when I grew up as a science student in an ordinary family? Its essence is that I have accumulated rich personal experience and guided me to choose the road of scientific research. Nature not only guides me, but also guides the chemical principles of my chemical kingdom. This is an indispensable teacher. My theory has been recognized, and I am honored to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Speaking of this, I am very grateful to my parents for creating a natural and free family environment with my childhood.
Gilman, an American physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1977, was born in Bour antigone, a wine-producing region in eastern France. The scenery here is very beautiful and idyllic. Gilman used to go to the suburbs to pick mushrooms by bike when he was a child. Mushrooms, in fact, are the beautiful scenery of nature, and the fragrant taste and pleasant feeling attracted him. As long as he throws himself into the embrace of nature, all kinds of colorful flowers and leaves will become the objects of his collection, and he will make specimens and collect them into thick specimens for preservation. Reading and appreciating these specimens is his hobby.
The essence of Gilman's things and phenomena is very attractive. Animals, stars, clouds, rain and snow make him mysterious and full of curiosity. There is only one thing-lightning, his terror. Once, he rode in the rain and thunder fell beside him. He knocked down and threw two meters. At this time, he was frightened by the thunder. However, this did not weaken little Gilman's yearning for nature. When he trudges alone in the desolate wilderness, he often thinks he is a brave explorer and tries to visit with all kinds of scientific knowledge of nature. After his childhood experience and ambition, Gilman finally chose a scientist who is engaged in scientific research, road and important research, exploring mysterious nature and flattering.
1989 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, American chemist Cech's favorite geology in the fourth grade. Little Cech has read many popular geological books, but he prefers to go to the wild, to nature, and to find and discover his eyes with his own hands. But he lives in Iowa City. There is neither sea nor mountain around. To collect rock samples to understand the structure of the earth, we only need to get some earth construction sites that are being excavated. He works in a construction site, collecting rock samples, including a few fossils of marine animals, which makes him excited: today's great plains ocean, ancient dam buildings and those animals disappeared through fossils and appeared in front of his eyes. This is to find his own hand.
/kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, Little Cech followed his grandfather to the famous Grand Canyon by train. When he came to the majestic Rocky Mountains under his feet, he was very, very happy: "This is a real mountain. He collected a large number of rock samples, so that Grandpa didn't have to worry about some stones falling from the overweight baggage train. " This is not a precious rock sample from Iowa! "Shi Cech couldn't bear to leave, so he stuffed his grandfather's stone behind him into a small travel bag and carried it back for his grandfather to take. Heavy travel bag, but just selling beloved rock samples to take home, and then sinking Cech doesn't feel tired. Grandson's joy and excitement also infected grandpa. The following year, Cech came to Colorado again.
The love of nature made Cech choose scientific research as his career. "Use your own hands to find, use your own eyes to find" has become the creed of his life and made remarkable new scientific discoveries.
Examples like this are the yearning of people who love nature, exploring the mysteries of science, and finally embarking on the road of scientific research, dotted with Nobel Prize in Literature winners. Nature is the best science teacher. Today, children who grow up in big cities are surrounded by reinforced concrete and have little chance to get close to nature. This is really a kind of sadness.
3。 Award-winning scientists and popular science books
1989 Canadian molecular biologist Altman, who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry, wrote to the youth in China to respond to our request:
/& gt； When I was 0/2 years old, Seyrig Haitz always wrote a book. This book briefly outlines the periodic table of elements and atomic structure, which fascinates me. This book makes me understand that the design of the periodic table is not only a science, but also a very beautiful and scientifically foreseen element in the periodic table when people don't know it yet. All this aroused my great interest. To be sure, this book aroused my interest in atomic physics.
For example, due to the influence of popular science books, there are still many people who have embarked on the road of scientific research. Like 1976 young people who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, American virologist Gajdusek and 1982 British biochemist Kruger who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, they read popular science books written by American bacteriologist cruyff Holland and learn from this hobby biology.
Gilman, an American endocrinologist who won the Prize in Physiology and Medicine, likes the book "Around the World in 80 Days" written by jules verne, a famous French science fiction writer in Nobel Prize in Literature, from 65438 to 0977. "Geocentric theory" 20 thousand alliance in "sea travel and adventure books. Little Gilman likes these books and never tires of reading them. This book is not only an exciting and moving story, but also a rich knowledge of geography, climate, biology and customs. What is even more surprising is that jules verne, who is disabled, can live almost without hiking, but he "sits for 80,000 miles day and night" and writes a story of travel and adventure. Surprisingly, the footprint covers mountains, rivers, deserts, swamps, oceans and islands on five continents. Most of the protagonists in the novel have scientific minds. Whenever they encounter difficulties and dangers, they can always rely on scientific knowledge to miraculously get out of the predicament. Many submarines invented by science and technology are described in novels. Verne didn't appear at the end of19th century, but with his profound knowledge, rich imagination and scientific foresight, it seems to be a fairly accurate description today. His novel Gilman saw the magic of nature, the power of science and technology and the flattery of scientists, which prompted Gilman to finally choose a career as a scientist.
Bucky's child, American chemist Hirsch, winner of the 65438-0986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, likes to go to grandma's house because she has a magazine called Popular Science Magazine and National Geographic. Sponsored by this famous magazine and founded by the National Geographic Society, 1888 has a wide international influence. Although it is called National Geographic, the magazine's content is not limited to the United States or regions. There are many animals, plants, culture, history and natural sciences, high-tech and high-tech, and there are a lot of beautiful photos and illustrations, which are of great benefit to little Xixi. 1 1 years old, he published a new magazine, which is a special issue on astronomy. Polaris, Orion, Andromeda, Centauri ... a distant and mysterious planet, quickly grasped the heart of Hirsch's little Bucky. Seeing that my little grandson likes this question so much, my grandmother gave it to Hirsch Bach. Hirsch Bucky Jr. always takes this magazine with him, as long as you have a look. Once he brought it to school, I didn't even know what was going on. Suddenly, the magazine didn't find the anxious little Hirsch, and he was so confused that his tears almost fell. The students hurried to help him find it, and finally figured out the happy appearance of a little Hirsch. Today, more than 50 years later, he is a famous scientist in China. In his research, the yellow magazine in this article can also be found on a bookshelf of array science work. This is Hirsch, a magazine of National Geographic who has a strong interest in science. He embarked on the road of being the first teacher of science.
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198 1 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, Japanese chemist Kenichi Fukui, a loyal reader of National Geographic magazine in his youth, had a great influence in his life. 1973, as a visiting scholar of Kenichi Fukui in Washington, USA, he specially visited the editorial department of National Geographic magazine, and at that time its circulation had reached more than 1000 copies per issue. Kenichi Fukui also likes insects, a book written by Fabres, a famous French entomologist. Story This book introduces the living habits of various insects, the natural scenery and customs in the southern part of France, and is full of earthy descriptions. In the first grade, he couldn't put it down. After seeing this book, he read it again and again. In the first year of translation and publication, this book is divided into 20 parts, often just eager to see the next album. This book brings Fukui, a wonderful insect world, to life. His love for insects and nature is still lifelong.
Many Nobel Prize winners or lovers of popular science creation. Although he is studying, Lederman, who won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics, is the author of a large number of popular science articles and books.
During World War II, 1933, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, engaged in teaching and scientific research in Dublin, Ireland. Academic and popular science lectures are often held, and the series of lectures on life sciences in colleges and universities are particularly popular with the audience. 1944, Xue gave a lecture and compiled it into a booklet with less than 100 pages, "What is the life of an enterprise-the physical concept of living cells? In this book, he predicts that the theory and method of life science will face a major breakthrough, and the research depth of life science will move from superficial life and cell phenomena to molecular level. He also proposed introducing theories and methods to conduct research in physics and life sciences. This book has a wide influence, and most young people are attracted to the study and research of life science, including 1962, which jointly awarded luria the double helix structure model of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and 1969, in which Watson, Crick and Wilkins won the physiology and medicine prize. The discovered phage achieved the world's first Berg recombination level in the process of cell proliferation, established modern genetic engineering technology and was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in chemistry, and won the 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the catalytic function of RNA cells. Therefore, this book is called "a revolutionary opportunity for biologists".
In addition, 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the physiology or medicine prize by Mrs Yalov, and 1988 was awarded the nobel prize in economics by Mr Ai Liang. 1988, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Bloom's book was handed down in Bergen by Madame Curie's daughter Eve Curie, and this book has been deeply influenced by young people. The Physiology of Daily Life, written by British physiologist Lewis, followed Pavlov, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904/kloc-0, and began to explore his physiological path.
/& gt； 4。 Award-winning scientists and extracurricular scientific and technological activities
1976 American medical virologist Gaidasek, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and American molecular biologist Paul Berg, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980, visited the new york Museum of Natural History in primary school, which aroused their interest in life science. 1980 Nobel Prize winner in physics, American physicist Fizzi, 1976 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, American chemist Lipscomb, coincidentally, their parents drove hundreds of kilometers to the Chicago Science Museum. 10-year-old Fizi and 13-year-old Lipscomb have a yearning for scientific discovery. 1985, the Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, American physicist and chemist Carl invited China youth to say in the letter:
My fascination with science may have started with a visit to the Science Museum. My mother took me there when I was about seven or eight years old. The museum is located in a building, and the new york Daily News is also in this building. I still remember the exhibits in the museum and the opportunity to observe the mechanical and electrical characteristics for people to operate.
Other famous scientists, similar examples, and many more. Extracurricular scientific and technological activities enable scientists to win the Nobel Prize at the most loving age, which lays a foundation for cultivating problems with extensive hands-on ability and finding brain inventions produced by experiments to solve problems. Their future success. Only we know that there are many scientists who won prizes for extracurricular chemical experiments in the youth explosion, such as: 1962 British biophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 198 1 American physicist Cooper Crick who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1968+0 American neurophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The murderer of the bombing.
1997 won the Nobel Prize in Physics and invited Steven Chu, a famous physicist in China, to write an autobiography about his experiences as a teenager. He said:
(Teenagers) spend a lot of time on the production of household appliances without a clear purpose. Scattered on the carpet, in my room, there are hundreds of metal "beams" and a small nut and screw, among which I haven't finished the semi-finished products yet. My interest ... extends to a chemistry game when I was older. A friend of mine made his own rocket and gunpowder from my parents, did some cost experiments, and gave me lunch at school. One summer, my hobby shifted to the lack of discovering the soil pH value and soil nutrients of my neighbors.
Organizing extracurricular scientific and technological activities plays an important role in cultivating young people's interest in science and technology and their hands-on, brain-on and hands-on abilities. In the previous scheme, Volvo named after Sophia won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. An important teacher of American molecular biologist Berg introduced that this teacher is actually an extracurricular counselor of a biological interest group. We also see that:1Fezzi, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980, is an active participant in astronomical observation activities, and1winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1976. The winner of American chemist Lipscomb 1 1 year-old listened to a series of popular science lectures held by university professors, which aroused the public's scientific curiosity.
198 1 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry, and Japanese chemist Kenichi Fukui participated in school organization, school building construction and beach activities in Awaji Island for the first time in the first and fourth grades. Linhai Academy is one of the hundreds of beaches and mountains with fixed facilities for teenagers' winter and summer activities. Both are managed by the office of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (equivalent to the the State Council office in China). Every year, hundreds of primary and middle school students take part in camping, nature observation, collection and production of animal and plant specimens. He held a series of activities to observe marine life in a class of children's schools in Fukui, Linhai, which aroused Kenichi Fukui's strong interest. Grade five and grade six participated in the construction of Linhai School in Jingdao and ACP in Geji County respectively. Under the influence of these activities, Kenichi Fukui's life has been improved. He said, China said in a letter to readers:
I hope all young people know that I am taking the road of science, which is a way of advocating nature. Nature is an indispensable teacher for me, and it is also an objective and awe-inspiring question for me.
Kenichi Fukui said, "If you ask a decisive role, because I am eager to learn and create, what is it?" ? To be sure, contact with nature. It is this contact that has cultivated my scientific intuition. This ... nature not only guides me, but also guides the chemical principles of my chemical kingdom. This is an indispensable teacher.
/kloc-At the age of 0/5, American virologist Teming attended a summer camp for middle school students at Jackson Cancer Research Center in Maine. The theme of the camp, biology, and the simple, vivid and vivid language of experts and scholars from universities and research institutions give children the mystery of life and the significance of cancer research. The camp also allows children to dissect rabbits themselves and take part in some experiments that they have never seen in high school. The camp was inspired by Taming's interest in biology and cancer research. He participated in the summer camp of Jackson Lab for three consecutive years. Taiming's major in biology colleges and universities. After graduation, before he entered the graduate school, he used Jackson's lab to teach and coach children's summer camps in summer. He hopes to be a scientist and let more children study and study biology. In Taiming, a boy of 17 years old from Baltimore, new york, also likes to experience biology in summer camp. Later, Temin Baltimore also went to college and became a graduate student of famous virologists Durbeck and Temin. The mechanism of virus carcinogenesis discovered by cooperative research between teachers and students won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
The above examples fully show that the importance of scientific work cannot be underestimated, and scientific work has also played a role in cultivating first-class scientific and technological talents. In this case, especially in China, the deep-rooted influence of exam-oriented education will not be changed for a while, and the fundamental thing is that the responsibility on our scientists' shoulders is more prominent. Popular science venues also undertake the scientific and technological education function of the school.