Diligence and thrift are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Laozi, a Taoist philosopher in China, said, "I have three treasures, which I hold and protect. One is kindness, the other is thrift, and the third is not daring to be the first in the world. " He also said: "Don't be stingy when managing people", and "frugality" means "frugality". Laozi regards "frugality" as one of the "three treasures" that must be observed in doing things, and as the fundamental law of governing the country and self-cultivation. Laozi believes that only by practicing secrets and accumulating spirit can we reach the realm of innocence and simplicity. Understand this truth and use it to govern the country, so that the country can maintain long-term stability; Used for self-cultivation and longevity. Laozi said, "Thrift makes you broad." If the rulers save money, the country will be rich. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin pointed out in summing up the successful lessons of past dynasties: "Looking back at the sages and the country, the reason is that frugality is defeated by luxury", which also illustrates this view. Of course, Lao Tzu's idea of "advocating thrift" does not require people to curb consumption, but opposes excessive luxury and abnormal consumption. He advocated that people should control consumption within reasonable limits, adapt to the level of social productive forces, be thrifty in life and oppose waste; Advocate the rational use of property. There is no doubt that Laozi's thought of "advocating thrift" contains rich moral wisdom and is a valuable spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. In the process of socialist modernization in China, it is also of great practical significance. Inheriting the tradition of thrift, carrying forward the spirit of hard struggle, being thrifty and abstaining from extravagance and extravagance are not only important contents of building socialist spiritual civilization, but also provide ethical resources and moral support for us to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, build a harmonious society and build a conservation-oriented society.
Second, keep pace with the times and profoundly grasp the new connotation of building a "conservation-oriented society"
In recent years, around the theme of building a conservation-oriented society, various localities have carried out activities such as building conservation-oriented institutions, conservation-oriented units and conservation-oriented enterprises, and devoted themselves to saving "one kilowatt hour", "one piece of paper" and "one drop of water". Of course, this practice should be strongly advocated, but it is still far from the requirements of building a "conservation-oriented society". We must understand from a deeper level, further enrich the connotation of "conservation" and expand the space of "conservation".
"Saving" is a concept that keeps pace with the times. The traditional concept of "saving" has two meanings: one is frugality, which means moderation in the use of money; The second is to save and reduce the consumption of material resources and time. From the perspective of historical development, in ancient times when productivity was very backward, people took "frugality" as their virtue in order to maintain their survival needs, and the connotation of thrift stayed at the level of "food, clothing, housing and transportation" for survival needs. With the rise of modern industry and the continuous development of productive forces, "energy saving and consumption reduction" has gradually been widely accepted and recognized by people.
In recent years, China has put forward the concept and goal of building a "conservation-oriented society", and all major small and medium-sized cities in the country have set the goal of building a conservation-oriented city, which has attracted wide attention from Chinese people and the international community because of its "conservation" in content and the quality of keeping pace with the times. Undoubtedly, from an economic point of view, the problems that our society faces are not only "a piece of paper", "a drop of water" and "a drop of electricity", but also environmental pollution, waste of resources, distorted consumption concepts, etc., which have already posed a serious threat to the sustainable economic development and social progress. Therefore, building a "conservation-oriented society" should not only be a simple superposition of single "conservation" problems such as saving water, energy, land, materials and resources, but also a systematic project with high scientific and technological content, involving all fields of social production, circulation and consumption. Only by taking comprehensive measures can we improve the utilization efficiency of resources and finally get the maximum economic and social benefits with the least consumption of resources.
Thirdly, developing circular economy is the best choice to build a "conservation-oriented society"
Compared with the world, China's per capita resources are in a very weak position. Water resources are only 1/4 of the world average, cultivated land is only 1/3, oil is only 8.3%, natural gas is 4.65,438+0%, and aluminum is only 9.7%. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, the contradiction of existing resources such as land, water and energy has become increasingly serious, and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. The traditional extensive economic growth model at the expense of resources and environment will be difficult to support the sustainable development of China's economy and society. In order to achieve the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, China must follow the development path of low consumption, low emission and high efficiency. Developing circular economy is the necessary and effective best choice for building a resource-saving society.
(a) extensive publicity and education, enhance the awareness of resources, conservation and environmental protection of the whole society.
It is necessary to combine the importance of publicity with relevant knowledge, strengthen the publicity and education of circular economy and conservation-oriented cities through various means and media, and raise the public's awareness of resource conservation and environmental protection. Government departments take the lead in promoting green procurement. Through publicity and education, we will guide people to reduce garbage emissions as much as possible, make green consumption, give priority to buying products that have been certified by ecological design or energy conservation and environmental protection signs, and enterprise products that have been certified by cleaner production audit or environmental management system, and encourage economical use, reuse or reuse of purchased items. This is also the embodiment of the principle of circular economy.
(2) Carry out material reduction activities in an all-round way to improve resource productivity.
Extensive economic's growth model with high consumption and pollution must be reversed as soon as possible. Gradually establish a resource-saving national economic system. Transform traditional industries through technological progress, promote structural upgrading, eliminate backward production processes with high energy consumption, high material consumption and high pollution as soon as possible, improve resource productivity, and gradually form a reasonable industrial structure conducive to efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection. Focus on saving electricity, coal, water and building energy, and popularize and apply advanced, efficient and water-saving equipment and appliances. Vigorously develop the service economy, promote producers to change from constantly introducing new products to extending services, from strengthening material consumption to strengthening product use, advocate a new trend of functional economy, and promote the development and upgrading of high-tech industries and tertiary industries. This is the key to fundamentally get rid of the heavy dependence on resources for economic growth.
(3) Promote the research and development of resource-saving technologies and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Developing circular economy and building a resource-saving society must be supported by relevant technologies. Focus on strengthening the research and development of energy-saving technology, water-saving technology, linking technology, new material technology and ecological technology, promoting technological progress and the transformation of scientific research results, reducing energy consumption and water consumption, realizing the link or harmless treatment of waste resources, replacing non-renewable resources with renewable resources, transforming traditional industries with high-tech and advanced practical technologies, and improving the overall technical level of resource conservation. It is necessary to set up an institution specializing in resource-saving technology research and development in the national economic system as soon as possible, constantly think and explore, and carry out strong and multi-level development of resource-saving technologies.
4) Vigorously develop energy-saving and environmental protection industries and make full use of renewable resources.
The development trend of the world economy and the research of OECD show that the energy-saving and environmental protection industry based on the concept of circular economy, together with information technology and biotechnology, will become the three most promising fields in the contemporary era and one of the leading industries in the world in 2 1 century. By developing energy-saving and environmental protection industries, strengthening the comprehensive utilization of "three wastes", fully developing and utilizing renewable resources, new energy and renewable resources, extending the industrial chain, opening up new production fields, increasing employment, and at the same time assuming the function of decomposer, the pollutants that cannot be recycled are treated harmlessly. Therefore, the development of circular economy is promising. According to the concept of circular economy provided by the Industry Association of Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1997, by 20 10, the development of circular economy will make Japan's new environmental protection industry create an output value of 3.7 billion yuan and provide140,000 jobs.
In recent years, China has made some useful explorations in developing circular economy. In the industrial system, the "waste" of one enterprise is the "raw material" of another enterprise. The recycling of materials and energy in the system not only solves the problem of environmental pollution, but also brings considerable economic benefits to enterprises. All regions should continue to actively guide enterprises to increase the comprehensive utilization of waste, waste water, waste gas and other wastes, make full use of national preferential policies, focus on supporting major projects such as coal-fired industrial boilers, cogeneration, waste heat energy utilization, green lighting, comprehensive utilization of "three wastes" and recycling of renewable resources, and continuously improve the level of comprehensive utilization of resources.
Fourth, the rational use of talents should be the proper meaning of building a "conservation-oriented society"
Talent is the most precious strategic resource for social development and plays a decisive role in the development of society and the country. Although our country is rich in human resources, there is a shortage of human resources, and the phenomenon of idle waste of human resources is amazing. In some places, economic benefits and local actual conditions, the input-output ratio, and the degree to which talents can be brought into play are not considered. They "grab" talents purely for the sake of possessing talents, regard the number of doctors, masters or professors and experts as the "magic weapon" for local economic development, value diplomas over abilities, value quantity over quality, and value the present over the future, which will inevitably lead to the waste of a large number of talents and financial resources. Therefore, while calling on the whole society to advocate saving natural resources and improving the utilization rate of resources, we should not ignore the phenomenon of idle waste of human resources, but also firmly establish the concept of cost-effectiveness and rationally use talents.
First of all, we should establish the concept of "management talents". We should economize on the use of human resources, just as we attach importance to the economical use of other resources, so as not to cause a backlog of talents and waste of resources. We should not blindly pursue quantity, high academic qualifications and high professional titles, and strive to achieve "low cost and high efficiency" in talent introduction.
Secondly, we should master the strategy of "managing talents". The purpose of "managing talents" is to use the least number of talents, get the maximum benefit, and at the same time make the talents get the maximum development. Therefore, on the one hand, we should "bring in" and "stay"; On the other hand, we should also attach importance to the cultivation of talents. Man's potential is infinite. To improve the utilization efficiency of talents, it is necessary to maximize their potential. Specifically, we should attach importance to the continuing education of talents, constantly optimize the environment for talent development, and provide necessary opportunities and conditions for talent development.
In addition, we should also attach importance to the construction of reserve forces for talent teams. Attach importance to the development of local human resources, promote the transformation from human resources to human resources, and form a good situation in which people make the best use of their talents.
Five, the establishment of long-term mechanism, should be the basis of building a "conservation-oriented society".
To speed up the construction of a conservation-oriented society, we must adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to resource development and conservation, giving priority to conservation, focusing on the fundamental transformation of economic growth mode, focusing on improving the efficiency of resource utilization, focusing on energy-saving, water-saving, material-saving, land-saving, comprehensive utilization of resources and developing circular economy, speeding up the adjustment of economic structure, promoting technological progress, strengthening legal construction, perfecting policies and measures, strengthening the awareness of conservation, and establishing and improving the institutional mechanism for promoting the construction of conservation-oriented cities as soon as possible.
First, we must establish a price adjustment mechanism. Accelerate the marketization of prices of resource products such as water, electricity, oil and natural gas, establish a price formation mechanism that reflects the scarcity of resources, and give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources.
Second, we must establish a technological innovation mechanism. Transform traditional industries with advanced technology, vigorously support technical research, actively promote comprehensive utilization of resources, reduce the production cost of equipment, technology transfer and materials and appliances for the development and utilization of new energy and renewable resources through scientific and technological innovation, and create conditions for their popularization.
Third, we should establish an investment guarantee mechanism. Increase investment, start with hardware and software construction, strengthen the hardware construction and management of energy and water resources, and reduce the loss and leakage in the transformation and maintenance of pipe network. Actively promote information construction, establish an accurate measurement system for energy and water consumption, and provide accurate data information for building a conservation-oriented city.
Fourth, we must establish a standard and normative mechanism. Pay close attention to study and formulate standards for resource consumption in output value of different industrial units. For office buildings, residential buildings and large public buildings, set up special standards for resource conservation from the aspects of planning, design, materials, lamps and appliances, and establish a classified and practical standard system as soon as possible.
Fifth, we must establish a supervision and management mechanism. Strengthen policy guidance, improve the incentive policy system in industry, price, finance and taxation, investment and government procurement catalogue, and promptly formulate laws and regulations to promote the effective use of resources, so that there are laws to follow in resource conservation; Establish and improve the supervision and management system of resource conservation, improve the management system, and strengthen energy conservation law enforcement; Implement open, fair, timely and effective supervision according to law, and seriously investigate and deal with all kinds of practices and behaviors that waste resources.
References:
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3. Ling Lan, Wang Shaoping and Lu Yongsen. Discussion on the Framework of Regional Circular Economy Construction [J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2005(6).
4. Hu Dali and Xie Xianbiao. Building a conservation-oriented society and practicing Scientific Outlook on Development [N]. Guangming Daily, July 2005-13.