1 academic issues
The main task of college students is to study. Difficulties and setbacks in learning have the most significant impact on college students, and poor academic performance is one of the main reasons for their anxiety. Although college students study very well, many students have academic problems because of the difference between college study and middle school study. If we can't accept and treat this reality correctly, escape or deny it, it will lead to mental health problems. The common learning problems of college students are mainly manifested as excessive learning anxiety, insufficient learning motivation, strong learning motivation, unsatisfactory academic performance, inattention, memory decline and test anxiety.
2 interpersonal problems
Compared with high school, college students pay more attention to interpersonal problems than to study, which has become one of the main reasons for college students' psychological problems. Good interpersonal communication is an important part of the process of college students' growth and socialization, and it is also a necessary condition to maintain a good psychological state, which directly affects college students' study, quality of life and even physical and mental health. Nowadays, many college students are only children, and the psychological tendency of "self-centeredness" is serious. In interpersonal communication, they often show indifference to others, alienation from others, strong self-esteem, suspicion and jealousy. At the same time, due to the lack of basic interpersonal skills, some college students are both eager and afraid of communication, resulting in loneliness, inferiority, fear, trouble, depression and other bad symptoms. Some students from poor families are worried that others will look down on them, are sensitive and suspicious, unwilling or afraid to associate with others, often feel inferior, lonely and lonely, and feel that college life is empty, boring and boring, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of college students.
3 Emotional problems
After entering the university, the transposition of social roles has caused many psychological conflicts. Some students with relatively poor foundation, weak ability and weak personality who can't treat setbacks correctly may have all kinds of negative emotions, inner pain and anxiety, and are prone to emotional distress, mainly as follows:
3. 1 Depression is pessimism, depression, unhappiness, depression, inferiority complex, guilt, insomnia, etc. Most of the reasons are objective, such as failure in exams, frustration in love, confusion in communication, failure to evaluate scholarships, failure to join the party and so on. After a period of time, this kind of depression will gradually weaken or even disappear, but it will often seriously affect normal learning.
3.2 Anxiety usually includes the loss of self-confidence and self-esteem, the increase of failure and guilt. This is an emotional experience mixed with several emotions. After college students enter school, some students find that the university is not their ideal "Garden of Eden", and the reality is not as beautiful as they thought. They began to feel disappointed, too worried about the future, too nervous and anxious. In severe cases, it will also lead to physical and mental diseases, such as anxiety, neurasthenia, phobia, hypochondria, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc., which will affect normal life and study.
3.3 Inferiority Some students often feel that they are inferior to others everywhere, and they always feel that others look down on themselves; Looking ahead and looking back, timid; Dare not associate with others, dare not practice, thus inhibiting their talent and opportunities for progress. Inferiority is generally caused by lack of social skills, repeated setbacks in career and love, and poor family conditions.
3.4 Indifference is generally manifested as indifference to any external stimuli, indifference, neither communicating thoughts and feelings with others, nor meddling, a look of indifference, indifference to academic performance, and lack of enthusiasm for collective activities.
4 love and sex issues
As a beautiful emotion of human beings, love is what college students yearn for and experience, and college students' love also has its own development laws and characteristics. Psychological troubles, contradictions, conflicts and setbacks caused by love naturally exist among college students.
4. 1 In love, most college students can abide by normal interpersonal ethics and codes of conduct, and a few college students show some psychological problems in the process of love. Sometimes it is difficult to grasp their emotions, and they are impulsive and go to extremes. At present, the main characteristics of college students' love are: (1) younger age. Some freshmen start looking for lovers as soon as they enter school. (2) openness. Nowadays, college students are more open in dating. It is not surprising that boys and girls in love on campus eat at the same table and cuddle with each other in full view. (3) herd mentality. Some students didn't intend to fall in love, but other students in the same dormitory all had male (female) friends, but they didn't. Feeling embarrassed, they went to find one to satisfy their vanity. (4) rashness. Some college students regard love as an emotional experience, engage in multi-angle love, seek spiritual stimulation, fill the emptiness and pass the lonely spare time. Pursuing the emotional experience of "not seeking eternity, but seeking once owned". (5) escape psychology. Some college students are in pain, depression and unable to extricate themselves after falling out of love, and even have suicidal thoughts.
4.2 Sexual psychology mainly refers to the psychological state related to sexual physiology and behavior, and also includes heterosexual communication, love, marriage and other psychological problems related to the opposite sex. College students have entered the middle stage of youth. With the development of sexual psychology, there will be a series of sexual psychological behaviors. However, due to the lack of sexual knowledge, some students often fall into depression and hesitation.
5 college life adaptation problems
The living environment is ever-changing for a person. This change is the main experience of college students' role maturity from family to school and then from school to society. Whether the role change can be completed is the key for college students to continue to adapt to life. After coming to university, college students are facing comprehensive adjustment and adaptation in self-cognition, classmates' communication and natural environment. At present, the self-care ability, adaptability and adjustment ability of college students are generally weak, so the problem of life adaptation exists widely among college students, mainly in the aspects of life ability, self-care ability and weak psychological tolerance to setbacks.
6 mental health problems of students in special groups
6. 1 freshmen and poor students
Freshmen are a special group. They have to bear the pressure of university study, learn to cope with daily life independently and plan their own future, which is prone to a series of psychological problems. With higher education charging students tuition fees, coupled with China's unbalanced economic development, widening income gap and widening gap between the rich and the poor, there are more and more poor students in colleges and universities. The survey shows that poor students have high interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety, and their depression and physical symptoms are significantly higher than those of non-poor students [3 ~ 5].
6.2 Graduates' job hunting and career choice
This problem is a common problem among senior students. With the reform of graduation distribution system and the implementation of enrollment expansion policy in colleges and universities in China, on the one hand, more students have the opportunity to enjoy higher education, on the other hand, it also increases the difficulty of choosing a job. Some students lack psychological preparation for entering the society. When they enter the society, they often feel a lot of confusion and worry. How to choose a career, how to plan a career, and what kind of skills are needed for job hunting will bring them more or less troubles and worries, which are mainly manifested in the uncertainty of graduates' ability, interest and development direction, the frustration caused by "hitting a wall" in finding a job, the employment pressure and so on. As can be seen from the above, there are various mental health problems among college students, which affect their mental health. Corresponding measures should be taken to face these problems. From the perspective of colleges and universities, we should actively carry out mental health education and psychological counseling to provide students with guidance in adaptation, development, study, potential development, stress, interpersonal relationship, heterosexual communication, love and job selection. Establish students' mental health files; Create a harmonious and healthy campus culture, carry out various forms of education and publicity activities, make full use of school radio, television, computer network, school magazine, blackboard newspaper, window, school newspaper and other publicity media, and widely publicize the significance of mental health education and the knowledge of improving psychological quality and how to prevent psychological problems [6]. Through these measures, students can master the knowledge of mental health, learn the coping methods of common psychological discomfort and improve their psychological quality. From the personal level of college students, college students should strive to establish a correct world outlook and outlook on life; Don't ask too much of yourself, set your goals within your ability; Don't expect too much from others to avoid disappointment; Learn to self-regulate emotions and eliminate anger; Talk to friends more and vent their depression; Self-entertainment to prevent depression; Don't blindly compete with others and avoid excessive tension; Actively participate in social activities and appropriately expand interpersonal communication; Actively seek psychological counseling and counseling.