Summary of basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese: appellation
1, first person: I am better than me.
2. I am a humble person (my humble name)
3. Minister (title of official facing the emperor)
4. Slave (honorific title of Qing Dynasty)
5. Nu Wa (a woman's humble name for herself)
6. Modesty:
(1) claim to be stupid, light, open, humble, thieves, courtiers, servants (2) the emperor claims to be lonely, widowed and stupid (3) the scholar claims to be a young student, who is born late and studies late.
④ Others: lower, younger, older, concubine, older, etc.
7. The second person said: You, you, you, you.
8. Your Excellency (honorific title for others)
9. Mr. (honorific title for men)
10, Qing (honorific title for others)
1 1. Yours:
Calling the emperor: long live, holy, holy driving, son of heaven, your majesty.
Calling the Son of Heaven: Your Highness
Call the general; Let him command.
Address each other or their relatives: You Ling, Zun, Xian, Ren.
12, ling, which means beautiful, is used to address each other's relatives. Such as your father (the other's father), your mother (the other's mother), your son (the other's wife), your brother (the other's brother), your son (the other's son) and your lover (the other's daughter);
13, Zun, used to refer to people or things related to each other. Such as respect (called the parents of the other party), respect for the public, respect for the monarch, respect for politics (both called the father of the other party), respect for the hall (called the mother of the other party), respect for relatives (called the other party), respect for driving (called the other party), respect for life (called the other party's order) and respect for meaning (called the other party's opinion);
14, from Xi 'an, used to address peers or younger generations. Such as Xian Jia (called the other party), Xian Lang (called the other party's son) and Xian Di (called the other party's brother).
15, benevolence, which means love, is widely used. For example, friends who are older than themselves are applauded, and those with high status are called benevolent people.
16. The old man said: husband (later called wife and father), also known as "Mount Tai", wife and mother called husband and mother, "too water".
Adding "first" before the title means death.
17. Appellations for elders and peers are: Jun, Zi, Gong, First Step, Sir, Adult, etc.
18, third person: he, she, she, they, they, they.
19, social kinship
Nine generations: great-grandfather, great-grandfather, father himself, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren
Male generation: grandpa, uncle, grandfather, uncle, aunt, uncle, in-laws.
Father: father, uncle, aunt, in-laws and stepfather, mother, uncle, stepmother, uncle, uncle, adoptive father, teacher, in-laws and menstruating uncle.
Colleagues: brothers and sisters, husband and wife, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, aunt, cousin, brother-in-law, old Geng, neighbors, colleagues, classmates, and friends of the same year.
Children: daughter-in-law, son-in-law, nephew, nephew, nephew, student apprentice.
Grandchildren: grandchildren, granddaughters, granddaughters, granddaughters, granddaughters and grandsons-in-law.
Basic knowledge of junior middle school Chinese: explanation of three-character idioms
Comfortable nest: generally refers to a comfortable residence. Follow in its footsteps: following in its footsteps, the dust raised when walking refers to following and imitating others.
Host: originally refers to the host on the east road, and later called the host who entertains guests. Prank: playing tricks on people too much.
Left ear goes in and right ear goes out: the wind blows from the ear, which is a metaphor for words that are not taken to heart after listening.
Huang Liangmeng: It is recorded in Shen Jiji's "A Story in the Pillow" in the Tang Dynasty that Lu Sheng was full of splendor in his dream, and the steamed Huang Liangmeng was not ripe when he woke up, so it was called Huang Liangmeng. Metaphor is illusory, and desire is disillusioned like a dream.
Nine ileum: describes the extreme sadness and pain in the chest. Sima Qian wrote in the Letter to Ren: "I will go back nine times a day, but I will suddenly forget when I am alive."
Idiom: it means that you don't understand Buddhism and Zen, so you can only use Zen idioms as conversation materials. The latter refers to words that are often talked about and have no practical significance.
Puzzled gourd: an unpredictable riddle, something unclear. Amateur: a layman who has not yet started to learn a certain knowledge or skill.
Ecstasy soup: superstitious people refer to the soup that makes the soul lose its nature in hell. Metaphor is a confusing word or behavior.
Ecstasy: a metaphor for a trap or trick that confuses people and makes them fall for it. Monday morning quarterback: a metaphor for taking measures afterwards.
Pawn: In the old days, it was a person who ran in front of chariots and horses to serve, but later it was used to describe a person who worked for others.
Birds and beasts scattered: the crowd dispersed in a hubbub like birds and beasts. First time: refers to something that has never happened before. Drumming: It means helping from the side.
Kill the scenery: destroy the beautiful scenery, metaphorically ruin the interest. He is also a wet blanket. In the Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo's poem "The Book of the Second Rhyme Forest Seeing the Spring and Meeting the New Embankment" said: "In order to ruin the scenery in the past year, Lianjiang Dream Rain does not know spring."
Forgetting to make friends: refers to making friends who forget their age, that is, making friends regardless of age and generational differences. Bottomless pit: a metaphor for insatiable desire.
Take it for granted: surely, it should be like this. Nowadays, most of them think so according to subjective imagination, which is inconsistent with the facts.
Run away: describe running fast. A swarm of bees: describes many people talking or acting at the same time.
A thorn in the side: a metaphor for someone who hates his guts. Yes-man: A bug that responds to sound. Metaphor is a person who has no opinion and follows the crowd.
Two: another name of the poet
1, Poetic Bone-Chen Ziang: His poems are full of passion, lofty style and "Han and Wei style", which is called "Poetic Bone".
2. Poet-Wang Bo: His poems are fluent, generous and unique, and he is called a "poet".
3. Poetic fanatic-He: He is open-minded by nature and calls himself "Siming fanatic". Because his poems are bold and unrestrained, he is called "poetry mad".
4. Wang Changling, the Poet's Seven Wonders: His seven wonders are "profound and bitter, with vague style", hence the name "Poet's Emperor".
5. Poet Fairy-Li Bai: The poet is known as the "Poet Fairy" because of his rich imagination, unrestrained style, gorgeous colors and fresh and natural language.
6. Poet Saint Du Fu: His poems are closely combined with current events and have profound thoughts. Broad realm, known as the "poet".
7. Poet Prisoner-Meng Jiao: He was once called "Poet Prisoner" because of his painstaking management and poor management.
8. Poet Slave-Jia Dao: He wrote poems all his life, so he recited them painstakingly. He is called "the poet's slave".
9. Poet-Liu Yuxi: His poems are calm and dignified, and his style is naturally rhythmic. Bai Juyi gave him a reputation as a poet.
10, Shi Fo-Wang Wei: This title not only has the Buddhist meaning and religious tendency in Wang Wei's poems, but also expresses the affirmation of Wang Wei's lofty position in the Tang Dynasty.
Three: celebrity idioms
1. Which idioms do the following names come from?
(Pengcheng Wan Li) aside) Wang (a long way to go) Liu Haisu (a drop in the ocean)
Ding (Xiuwai) is as sweet as cucumber (as sweet as cucumber) and Jiao Ruoyu (even the wisest man is foolish).
Do you know what the following idiom is?
1, the person who plays a leading role in the group is referred to as (backbone) for short; 2. A resourceful person is called a resourceful star.
3. Compare the local host that receives guests with (host). 4. Compare the prisoner tried under the court steps to (prisoner).
5. Compare a person who is stingy with money and penniless to (an iron cock). 6. Compare an ignorant person to (an idiot)
7. Metaphor is used to describe a seasoned person, such as (an old oil slick) 8. Metaphor is a layman without professional knowledge.
9, the skill is not refined, barely make do with people (three-legged cat)
3. Whose couplet is this?
1, a father-son three-character guest, four people through the ages. ("Three Sus")
2, the heroism is compelling, which can make Lux take off his boots, and the imperial concubine holds the inkstone; Fairy talent is comparable, not to let the army elegant, open the house fresh. (Li Bai)
3, the jade account is sad and beautiful, and the Chu song urges red makeup on all sides. (Xiang Yu)
4, lakes and mountains, thousands of people are worried. (Fan Zhongyan)
1 1, Poet Magic-Bai Juyi: Bai Juyi writes poetry very hard, just as he himself said, "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, and he is worried about the west in the afternoon." Excessive reading and writing lead to tongue and finger pain. Therefore, they are called "poet magic".
12, Five-character Great Wall-Liu Changqing: He is good at five-character poems, which account for 78% of all his poems, so he is called "Five-character Great Wall".
13, Shi Gui-Li He: His poems are good at casting words, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create colorful images, so they are called "Shi Gui".
14, Du-Du Mu: He once wrote Wei Zihua, which was lyrical and praised by Hua, and was called "Du".
15, Wen Bajiao-Wen: He has a quick brain. Every exam, the octagonal hand becomes eight rhymes, and people call him "Wen Bajiao".
16, partridge Zheng-Zheng Drum: It is famous for "Partridge Poetry", so it is called "partridge Zheng".
17, Cui Yuanyang-Cui Jue: The poem "Yuanyang" is unique and is called "Cui Yuanyang".
18, Poet Fairy-Su Shi: Su Shi's poems are flowing, fresh and vigorous, unique, and can be called Poet Fairy.
Hengshan lay man-Wen Zhiming; Muslim laity-Zhou Bangyan; On June 1st, a layman-Ouyang Xiu; Li Bai, a violet Buddhist.
Xiangshan lay man-Bai Juyi; Dongpo lay man-Su Shi; He Zhang Zhi, a fanatic of death.
The basic knowledge of Chinese in junior high school induces and remembers two language types: spoken language and written language. Two ways of argumentation: argumentation and refutation. Two explanatory languages: plain and vivid.
There are two types of expositions: expositions about things and expositions about things.
Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-contrast the emotions of characters and render the atmosphere. Description of social environment-explain the background of the times.
Two types of argumentation: factual argumentation and rational argumentation.
Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.
The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters depend on whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). )
Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
Argumentative essay consists of three parts: asking questions (introduction), analyzing questions (thesis) and solving problems (conclusion).
Three orders of interpretation: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.
Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.
Four argumentation methods: example argumentation, truth argumentation, metaphor argumentation and contrast argumentation.
Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Four narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback, insertion and supplementary narrative.
Four uses of quotation marks: ① quotation; (2) to express irony or negation; (3) express a specific title; 4 emphasize or highlight.
Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.
Five uses of dashes: ① annotation, ② interpolation, ③ interruption of sound, ④ change of topic, and ⑤ progressive expression of meaning.
Six interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification and definition.
Six logical sequences: ① the whole → the phenomenon → the essence → the cause → the result → the generality → the specific part → the whole → the main → the secondary.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events.
Six methods of character description: portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.
Six kinds of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).
Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the table contents; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the table is incomplete because of grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking in progress.
Six common writing skills: symbol, contrast, setting off (paving the way), caring (echoing), direct (indirect) description, promotion and inhibition.
Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, complement phrases, word-removed phrases and object-object phrases.
Seven types of complex sentences: ① coordinate complex sentences; ② turning complex sentences; ③ Conditional complex sentences; ④ Progressive complex sentences; ⑤ Choose complex sentences; ⑤ Causal complex sentences; ⑥ Hypothetical complex sentences.
Eight common rhetorical methods:
(1) Metaphor-makes the language vivid and adds color to the language. 2 personification-writing things into adults makes the language vivid.
3 exaggeration-highlight something or emphasize a feeling. 4 parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect.
⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat. ⑥ Quote-enhance the persuasiveness of language.
⑦ Ask questions-arouse readers' attention and thinking. ⑧ rhetorical question-plays an emphasis role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.
The quickest way to improve Chinese is to learn textbook knowledge well.
Textbook knowledge is the foundation of Chinese. Only by laying a good foundation can we learn better. Many students think that their grades can be improved as long as they listen carefully, take notes diligently, finish their homework carefully after class and review consciously. In fact, this is not enough. The most important stage of learning is preview.
In other words, you should teach yourself the text before the teacher attends class. In the preview, we should make full use of the acquired knowledge and methods, actively solve the problems we can solve, write down the problems we don't understand, and study and discuss with teachers and classmates in class. Read the textbook again and again until you see the problem thoroughly and understand it.
In order to consolidate your knowledge, you'd better do some exercises after class, so that you can master your knowledge more firmly. This not only has a good learning effect, but also cultivates your own learning ability.
Second, pay attention to extracurricular accumulation.
Knowledge is like the ocean, and the knowledge in textbooks is just a spray on the sea, which is far from meeting our needs, so we should read properly after class. When we enter the intense study stage, we can't have a lot of spare time to read, so we should choose when reading. We should browse all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines extensively, get information from TV, radio and internet, and take notes in an orderly way.
We should care about social life, understand social trends, and make our thoughts progress continuously. This will not only enable us to accumulate more knowledge, but also enrich our lives.
Third, strengthen writing training.
An important purpose of learning Chinese is writing. Improving writing ability should start from bit by bit. Extracurricular accumulation is the basis of writing. To learn to read articles carefully, you'd better recite wonderful chapters. You can't write a good article on an empty stomach.
Besides, observing life, feeling life, keeping a diary and writing with emotion are all effective ways to help us write a good composition. The written composition should be revised repeatedly, or you can consult your teachers and classmates to keep improving. I hope you can establish a correct learning purpose, master the basic learning methods, and stick to it for a long time from now on. With accumulated efforts, the results will naturally come.
Summarize the relevant articles about the basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese;
★ Summary of basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese.
★ Basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese
★ Summary reading of basic knowledge points of junior middle school Chinese
★ Chinese learning methods
★ Basic knowledge points of modern Chinese in junior middle school
★ Induction of basic knowledge points of Chinese in the seventh grade of junior middle school
★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of junior middle school Chinese.
★ Summary of knowledge points of classical Chinese in the seventh grade of junior high school
★ Summarize the key knowledge of senior one Chinese.
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