The key to berthing is residual speed, lateral distance and berthing angle. No wind, initial drift, tugboat berthing. Generally, the remaining berthing speed is controlled at 2 knots, which is 2.5-3 times of the offshore distance of the hull and berths at a certain berthing angle. At this time, the only reference object is the N flag (berthing flag). When there is no wind, there is a tugboat at the beginning of landing, usually at the bow. The berthing angle can be smaller, and the reversing effect should be considered when berthing on the port and starboard. Blowing ashore, usually with a bow, is to bring a cable. Note that the center of rotation of the ship is about 1/3 from the bow, captain.
When the dock leaves the berth, it is also necessary to make preparations for leaving the berth. Boarding to check whether the mooring and loading and unloading machinery on the dock hinders the operation, front and rear berths, front and rear draught, etc. For spherical nose ships, pay attention to the parts that may contact with the dock. After boarding the bridge, the berthing scheme shall be determined according to the wind direction, wind power, berth, tidal current and tugboat configuration. Understand the various conditions of the ship, communicate with the captain about the berthing operation plan, inform the tugboat about the berthing plan, and explain the key points of cooperation to the dock personnel.
When the water head rises and leaves, use the anchor to leave the berth, untie all the cables behind, anchor and loosen the cables in front to prevent the tail from entering too fast. When it reaches a certain angle, untie the cable, continue to anchor and leave the berth. Leave the berth by reversing the tail and shaking your head. Untie all cables, only the cables need to be reversed. The angle of reversing and tossing depends on whether the front is clear or not. At the same time, according to the priority of water flow, enter the car, untie the cables and sail. Flip the tail to reverse the car and leave the berth, leave the head cable and the inverted cable in front, and start to flick the tail. The angle is generally above 30. When stopping and releasing the cable, immediately reverse the rudder and fall to the center of the channel, and use the right full rudder to guide the ship straight.
When the water head rises and falls into the water, there is usually a tugboat. If there is no tug, it depends on the priority of the current. If the current is slow, you can use double handles to prevent the boat from coming out and swinging its tail. At this time, the angle of the tail swing should be determined according to the priority of the current, not too big or too small, and the head cable should not be untied too early. Generally, it is always untied when the tail is about 30. If you are in a hurry, you can only transfer twice.
When the water head rises and leaves (it needs to turn around), it usually turns around by swinging the tail or anchoring. There are several ways to swing the tail: twist the cable backwards, twist the cable, turn to swing the tail when driving, swing the tail of the tugboat "one plane for two meals", swing the tail naturally when the current is urgent, and blow the hair. When operating, screw the outer anchor first, and pay attention to whether the inner anchor is in the way. Don't twist the anchor, twist it when you turn around. Tie the front, leave a head cable in the outer gear, leave a head cable in the inner gear to move as an inverted cable, untie the other cables, and then put the new inverted cable on the drum, ready to be twisted at any time. Simplify the back, then untie the tail rope and swing it to tighten the back rope. Untangling the head cable depends on the position behind it and the urgency of the flow. The principle is: there is little room for manoeuvre, and you can't untie it too early; There is a lot of room for manoeuvre, which can be solved early; Fast current and early solution are beneficial to the early jacking of tugboat, slow current and late solution, and to the overturning of tugboat. Untie the cable, twist the anchor while there is an anchor, and the tugboat will turn around at the top.
When the man overboard falls into the water, there is usually a tugboat to help him turn around. Rely on the dock, drag in place and turn around. After leaving the berth, the stern should be kept more than twice the width of the ship, and the turn can only be made when the channel is clear. At the beginning of the U-turn, if the ship has a tendency to rush forward, it must not stop. If the ship rotates more than 30 degrees, it is found that the ship continues to rush forward. If there is not much space, you can use the rudder in turn to reduce the turning space. When rotating 45-60, pay attention to alignment. If the ship has basically stopped, there is basically no need to reverse. When approaching the right cross, the position of the ship should have been adjusted. It is necessary to strictly observe the forward and backward movement, and then make a small adjustment, not too big. The towing force and towing angle should be adjusted immediately when towing horizontally, which is beneficial to adjust the bow and untie the towing cable after the tugboat adjusts its position.