(4) After the experts vote for defense, the defense graduate students leave the venue temporarily, and the defense committee will discuss according to the quality of the paper and the defense situation, and summarize the situation in the process of the paper and defense, affirm the advantages, and point out the mistakes or shortcomings. The summary of the defense Committee includes comments on the content and structure of the thesis, the problems existing in the thesis, and the evaluation of the thesis and thesis defense. Finally, the defense committee decides whether the thesis defense is passed by secret ballot. Usually, at least two-thirds of the members of the defense Committee agree to pass, so as to determine that the graduate students pass the thesis defense. In addition, the voting results of the defense Committee should be recorded. (5) After the graduate students who announced the results re-entered the defense meeting place, the chairman of the defense committee read out the Resolution of the defense committee on thesis defense and the voting results. For graduate students who can't pass the defense, the defense committee should put forward opinions on the revision of the thesis, allowing the respondent to make a new defense after revising the thesis within 1 year.

Third, defensive skills. Thesis defense does not mean reading a paper, but grasping the main points of the paper, making a summary, concise and vivid exposition, and giving a comprehensive and accurate answer to the experts' questions. Thesis defense is a good opportunity to show real talent and practical learning. Postgraduates should master the defense skills and be good at expressing.

(1) Preparation before defense 1. Be familiar with the paper and write an outline. Graduate students must know all the contents of the paper like the back of their hands, especially the main part and conclusion part of the paper, and they should be scrutinized repeatedly and carefully. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the basic viewpoints and main viewpoints of the paper.