Types of abstracts: According to different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportage abstracts, indicative abstracts and report indicative abstracts. The characteristic of (1) reportage abstract is that it comprehensively and concisely summarizes the purpose, methods, main data and conclusions of the paper. Usually, such an abstract can partially replace reading the full text. (2) Indicative abstract: Generally, only two or three sentences are used to summarize the topic of the paper, and arguments and conclusions are not involved. This abstract can be used to help potential readers decide whether they need to read the full text. (3) Report-indicative summary: the part of the document with high information value is expressed in the form of report summary, and the rest is expressed in the form of indicative summary.
Content of the abstract: The content of the abstract should contain the same main information as the paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text.
Four elements: (1) Purpose: the purpose, scope and importance of the study; (2) Methods: The means and methods adopted; (3) Results: data and results obtained from completed work; (4) Conclusion: Important conclusions and main viewpoints of the paper, as well as new viewpoints of the paper. For papers with different formats, we should refer to specific writing requirements, such as font size and font, and analyze specific problems. What I mentioned in my experience is some summaries of my own papers when I published them. If there are differences, you can modify them according to your own situation. It plays an important role in the paper, and it is the key to start the whole discussion and summarize the content of the paper. Therefore, it is very important to fully understand the meaning and standard format of abstract for writing a good abstract.