Introduction: Tess of the D 'Urbervilles is a novel by British writer Hardy and one of the novels in the Wessex series. The novel tells the story of the heroine Tess. The following is the writing technique and theme expression of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles collected by me. Welcome to reading.
On the writing skills and themes of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles;
This is a world-famous classic, which describes the defiled sexual morality of a pure Victorian woman. Thomas Hardy wrote that a woman who loses her virginity is a "pure" woman. The greatness of the novel is not only that Hardy can successfully reproduce the ugliness of reality, but also that as a male writer, he can transcend the traditional male vision, uphold justice for women, and point his sharp brush strokes at the Victorian sexual moral standards. Tess in the novel is the victim of this dirty and thought-provoking sexual morality, which makes people feel pity.
Key words:
Tess of the D 'Urbervilles; Writing method
Summary:
This is a world-famous masterpiece, which describes the sexual morality of a pure woman in the Victorian era. The virginity written by Thomas Hardy to women is a kind of "pure" women. The greatness of this novel lies not only in Hardy's successful reproduction of the ugly reality, but also in his transcending the traditional male perspective, female justice and sharp brushwork, pointing to the moral standards of the Victorian era. Tess is the victim of this dirty sexual morality, which is thought-provoking and pitiful.
Key words:
Tess; Writing skills
Symbolism and the Expression of Novel Theme
Hardy is an English realistic writer, and Tess of the D 'Urbervilles embodies the author's realistic and romantic writing style. One of the most important themes in Tess is the relationship between man and nature. In the novel, Hardy uses symbolism to show the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Humans should abide by the laws of nature to thrive. If the original rules of nature are broken, then human beings will be punished and pay a certain price. The novel embodies the theme of the relationship between man and nature from the following two aspects:
First, the relationship between Tess and animals
As a country girl, Tess has many domestic animals around her, so she has a close relationship with them. The author describes it in this way to illustrate the theme of the novel, the important relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between Tess and animals. The death of Tess's livestock in the novel implies that Tess will have bad luck. Because at that time, for them living in the countryside, owning a horse was equivalent to owning a car and a means of transportation, which was an important part of their lives. Unfortunately, Tess's horse died, and she began to be afraid, helpless and disappointed because she knew the importance of this horse to the whole family. So, she decided to compensate her family. This also means that her bad luck has begun. She decided to comply with her parents' wishes to visit this so-called aristocratic relative.
In the novel, this horse symbolizes nature, while Tess symbolizes human beings. Whether Tess did it on purpose or not, the final result was that the horse died, and her carelessness led to the death of the living. In other words, human beings hurt nature, so she has to bear the consequences brought by nature. Therefore, human beings should not easily destroy the existence of nature, trample on nature and hurt themselves.
Second, the relationship between the two leading men Alec and Angel and Tess.
There are two heroes in the novel: Alec and Angel. They all love Tess very much, but their love hurts Tess in different ways. It was they who brought Tess a tragic fate. Alec is a dissolute aristocrat. He was attracted by Tess's beauty and purity, so he raped her, which also led to Tess's bad luck. Although Alec later tried to compensate Tess in the novel because he really loved her, his original impulsive behavior made a pure girl no longer pure and innocent, and suffered the pain of physical illness and death, which was ridiculed by people. Another hero, the angel, is Tess's love. Although he loved Tess very much, when he knew that Tess was impure, he ran away from home, abandoned Tess and left her to live a miserable life, but still firmly waited for his return. Think about how selfish and impulsive men are. Although Tess is no longer pure, she is also forced, and she is also a victim. These sins should not be blamed on an ignorant little woman. Although the two protagonists love Tess deeply, they both do great harm to her. As you can imagine, neither of them ended well in the end.
In the novel, the author uses two male protagonists to symbolize human beings and pure and ignorant Tess to symbolize nature. These two people deeply hurt Tess, which means that human beings have destroyed nature and failed to accept its development, so human beings will not have a good result. Just like the last two people, neither of them got the life they wanted. One died, and the other lived in depression and regret. This tells people to live in harmony with nature and obey the laws of nature. If we violate the laws of nature, we are hurting ourselves.
On the writing skills and themes of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles 2. introduce
Thomas Hardy was an English writer at the end of19th century. As a realistic writer, the modernist literary thoughts in Hardy's works deserve our study. His representative works Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure are important achievements reflecting Hardy's modernist literary spirit. The novel Tess of the D 'Urbervilles tells the short and tragic life of the protagonist Tess, describes the unfortunate fate of the protagonist, the failure of love and marriage, and expresses sympathy for it. Jude the Obscure, another novel by Hardy, is the same as the former, and it also creates a character with unfortunate fate who tries to resist reality, only this time the protagonist has changed from a woman to a man. After the publication of these two novels, they caused a great sensation in the literary world and were criticized by various literary critics. By reading these two works, we can find that the themes and ideas expressed in the works are very similar, and his style has been perfectly displayed in these two works. Hardy not only paid attention to the tragic situation of women in the society at that time, but also paid attention to the mental pain of the whole society at that time. Through the analysis of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, this paper discusses the author's modernist literary spirit and thinks about the techniques and forms of modernist literary creation.
Second, two works of modernist literary thought
Modernist literary thoughts usually show irreversible contradictions in the four relationships between man and society, man and man, man and self, and man and nature, which magnifies the trauma in the hearts of characters and leads to the alienation of their psychological state. This paper studies the author's modernist literary spirit by describing these relations in these two works.
1, think from the perspective of people and society.
In Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, the author describes the relationship between man and society extremely badly, and the contradiction between the protagonist and society is extremely acute. Usually, the protagonist is oppressed by social alienation and eventually produces a strongly distorted ideology, which is also one of the important ideas of modernist literature. Tess, the heroine of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, was a typical role that was not allowed by society from the beginning. She is a victim of emotion, but she is rejected by society again and again. When she was a teenager, she lost her virginity and was abandoned by her fiance, which directly led her to the abyss of destruction under the impact and pressure. Through the description of Tess's tragedy, the author expresses his doubts about social morality. This contradiction between man and society is the root of human mental pain. By praising Tess, the author reflects on the morality of human society. Similarly, in Jude the Obscure, the author magnifies this kind of thinking. A touching love tragedy happened between the protagonist Jude and his cousin, but their love is against social ethics, and they are still having an affair, which is even more intolerable to society. The author sympathizes with him and thinks that Jude is a brave man who pursues love. The author thinks that Tess and Jude are both victims of society, expressing the obliteration of people's spiritual level by society at that time, and people should resist, which is the inevitable result of social development.
2. Think from the perspective of people.
In modern literary thought, the relationship between people is an important topic of discussion, and this relationship is more inclined to a disharmony between people. In Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, the relationship between people is out of balance again, just like the relationship between people and society. In Tess's life, almost everyone shows a disharmonious sense of alienation. The closest family members not only failed to provide Tess with the warmth she deserved from her family, but showed incomprehension and distrust. Although her fiance really loves Tess, she finally abandoned her under various factors and others ignored her.
3. Think from the perspective of human and self.
Man and self have long been a problem that human beings have been thinking about. Under the strong external pressure, people's own transformation is also an important theme of modernist literature. Freud believed that man himself can be divided into three parts: ego, id and superego. Under certain external effects, the three parts lose their original balance and will lead to the division of man himself. In Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, Tess is an innocent and kind girl who is full of longing and hope for the world. But after losing her virginity, her outlook on life changed for the first time. In this environment, Tess's original kindness gradually began to fade.
4. Think from the perspective of man and nature.
In Thomas Hardy's works, he often describes the destruction of nature by the development of capital to show the conflict and contradiction between man and nature, and criticizes this sharp and abnormal relationship. These are the ideas that modernist literature wants to express, which coincides with the topic of the split relationship between man and nature. In his works, Hardy expressed his sympathy and concern for the natural creatures whose natural environment deteriorated and their survival was affected by human destruction. In Hardy's novels, he will also express his dissatisfaction that human beings only pay attention to their own development and ignore nature, which leads to the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature. However, such a theme occupies less space in Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, and only appears in several paragraphs describing the scenery, which is not the key description, so the author will not elaborate too much here.
Thirdly, Hardy's expressive skills of modernist literature.
Modernist literature has an important feature, that is, it attaches importance to the inner changes and subjective thoughts of characters, thinks that instinct can distinguish truth from truth, advocates feeling and knowing things with heart, and opposes looking at problems with rational eyes. This paper analyzes the inner descriptions of the characters in Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, so as to understand Hardy's modernist literary expressions and techniques.
1, the author's description of dreams
Dreams can understand the inner struggles of the characters and the subconscious thoughts of the characters. The author describes Tess's dream in detail in Tess of the D 'Urbervilles. After her father got drunk, Tess had to catch a carriage with her brother at night in order to deliver the beehive on time. In such a tired environment, Tess had a complicated but absurd dream. In her dream, she saw her father become a descendant of an ancient nobleman, with his unique vanity and pride. She also saw that her mother longed for Tess's marriage partner, a gentleman who should be graceful, but made a face that did not match her identity and mocked her identity and ancestors.
2. The author's description of the characters' psychology.
The psychological description of the characters in the novel also has Hardy's own characteristics. For example, in the novel Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, after her fiance abandoned Tess, she went out to look for a job alone. In the meantime, Tess had no choice but to spend the night in the wild because she had no home. In this plot, the author gives a psychological description of Tess, which has the characteristics of "beyond time and space" in the stream of consciousness technique. It says, "She thinks of her husband: he is probably in a warm place on the other side of the world, right?" But she's lying here in the cold. "In Tess's mind, the spatial orientation jumped from a cold wilderness to the other side of the distant earth.
3. The author's description of the illusion and intuition of the characters.
In Jude the Obscure, Hardy described the hero's illusion twice. The first illusion was that Jude walked into a Christian temple. Jude saw all the writers, philosophers and scientists he saw in the book become real people, associate with him and talk with him. This illusion made Jude travel through time and space, and he met these sages with advanced thoughts. In this scene, Jude's consciousness is constantly changing, and with the change of his consciousness, the characters in the scene are also constantly changing. The second illusion is that Jude visited Shu and then came to the Christian temple. At this time, what he saw was no longer a saint, but the souls of many dead people.
Four. conclusion
Through the analysis of Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, we can understand the realistic literary thoughts expressed by the authors in their creation. Tess and Jude were once ordinary people with ideals, but in the process of getting along with society, people and themselves, they were gradually forced to go to tragedy, which showed the author's confused thinking about the pursuit of human spirit and expressed the hope that people and society and people and nature could live in harmony.
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