This scheme can be simply summed up in two words, that is
Throw money! ! !
This $65,438 +0.9 trillion is neither more nor less.
To put it more bluntly, China has struggled for more than 40 years since the reform and opening up, and its foreign exchange reserves are only $3 trillion. The United States suddenly printed the foreign exchange reserves earned by China for more than 20 years.
To take a step back, from March to August last year, the Federal Reserve printed 2.8 trillion US dollars, which seems quite small compared with 65,438+0.9 trillion US dollars.
It is no secret that the United States is crazy about printing money. Now ask anyone on the street, ask the United States to rely on the dollar for hegemony, and then harvest the wealth of the world.
But the general operation process is little known. Today, I will use humorous sentences to explain "dollar hegemony" in an easy-to-understand way.
Seigniorage refers to the organization or government of the country issuing currency, which enjoys the face value of currency issuance MINUS the issuance cost in exchange for the income of actual economic resources, and draws the specific income generated by issuing currency.
For example, when the Federal Reserve prints a dollar with a face value of 100, the cost is only 20 cents, and the purchasing power of the remaining $99.8 is seigniorage.
As we all know, money is the medium of transaction. In theory, there are as many currencies as there are transactions. As soon as the American government thought, with such a large population, it could not collect so much seigniorage by printing money itself, so the United States took the initiative to go to the Middle East to find Saudi Arabia.
At that time, the Middle East was in chaos, including Iran, which overthrew the feudal dynasty, and Israel, the "Middle East bully". ......
As a feudal country, Saudi Arabia was very afraid of being overthrown, so it hit it off with the United States, which provided military protection for Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Arabia agreed to settle oil trade in dollars, thus establishing the "oil-dollar" system.
If other countries want to buy oil, they must have dollars first. So everyone changed their goods and the United States into dollars, and the United States only needed to lie down and turn on the printing press, and the goods were changed into dollars. This is currency hegemony.
The importance of the Petrodollar system to the United States can be imagined.
However, Trump officially recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel on 20 17, which directly embarrassed Saudi Arabia to dig out three rooms and one living room.
Saudi Arabia: I want to oppose it but I am afraid of being beaten. I want to agree, but I have no face. I choose not to talk.
As the largest investor in the world, the US dollar is the largest circulating capital flow in the global industrial chain system led by the United States.
After World War II, the United States used a large amount of dollars to aid Europe through Marshall Plan, which contributed to the prosperity of West Germany.
During the Korean War, Japan relied on American aid and war orders to achieve economic take-off.
It's not too much to say this.
Where the dollar flows, there will be prosperity.
Where the dollar leaves, there will be a crisis.
It is in this tidal cycle that the United States has gained global wealth.
The Fed has influenced this trend by cutting interest rates and raising interest rates.
When the Fed cuts interest rates, the income from depositing funds in banks will be reduced, and funds will flow out of banks to the property market, stock market or other places where capital can proliferate.
When the Fed raises interest rates, the income from depositing funds in banks will increase, and funds will flow into banks from other places.
The above is the economic law of the simple "dollar tide". Having said that, how can we not have some examples?
Let's welcome one of the victims, Southeast Asia!
In the 1980s, the Asian economy entered a high-speed development, and it was at this time that the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" came into being. As long as you bring money to invest in Asia, you can make a lot of money whether you buy a house or build a factory. At that time, nearly half the world's capital flowed into Asia.
In addition, the Federal Reserve is cutting interest rates, and a flood of dollars is pouring into Southeast Asia.
Because Southeast Asian countries are also very supportive of capital entering their own countries, foreign exchange controls are very loose, and capital can come and go whenever it wants. We call it "hot money".
As a result, Southeast Asian countries started the model of "loan-Gai Lou-real estate sale-loan ……" and made a lot of money.
In the 1990s, Southeast Asia was still addicted to Gai Lou, but did not know that the IT revolution had risen quietly.
Capital: What building will be built? Isn't it fragrant to make money by selling Q coins?
Because IT is more profitable to engage in IT, capital quickly fled, returned to the United States to invest in the IT industry, and directly ran away the funds in Southeast Asia.
At this time, Southeast Asia can't stop, and the bubble is already very big. No matter how central banks cool down and prevent capital from fleeing, it will not help. But no one has stopped being crazy. It's time to buy a house in Gai Lou, Gai Lou, because everyone feels that he is not the final winner.
At this time, this man appeared. He is the famous financial giant Soros.
Theoretically, with the influx of foreign capital, a large number of dollars are exchanged for the currency of the target country, and the currency of the target country appreciates. With the withdrawal of foreign capital, a large number of target countries' currencies were converted into dollars, and the target countries' currencies depreciated.
Before Soros came, capital had almost fled, but the currencies of these countries did not decline.
So Soros took his international short-selling army and kicked down the broken house at once.
The local currency depreciated, the stock market crashed, property prices plummeted, the capital that had left before came back, and local assets were seriously bargain-hunting. Countries are also burdened with a lot of debts. The United States took the opportunity to use the IMF (International Monetary Fund) to help these countries carry out "economic reforms", including unequal treaties such as opening markets and allowing foreign investors to hold a large number of shares in domestic enterprises.
At that time, South Korea's Samsung was heavily controlled by the United States and became an American wage earner. More than half of the money earned will be turned over to the United States.
Behind this, the dollar plays a carrier of capital and a supplement to the hegemony of the dollar, and only the global currency dollar can play such a role.
The United States relies on the economic law of "dollar tide" to harvest the wealth of working people in various countries through ups and downs.
Under the global industrial chain system led by the United States, countries in the world are divided into three categories, namely, consumer countries, producer countries and resource countries.
Consumer country: such as the United States;
Producing countries: such as China, Japanese, German and other countries with developed manufacturing industries;
Resource countries: such as Brazil, Russia, Saudi Arabia and other countries with mines in China.
Standing at the top of the tower, the United States holds the core technology and occupies a dominant position in the whole system.
Resource countries are responsible for selling resources, producing countries are responsible for making resources into commodities, and the United States is responsible for printing money to buy commodities.
In this process, the United States obtained the largest part of the profits of the global industrial chain, and wool from other countries was seriously harvested. The producer countries share the remaining profits, and the last resource countries have some soup.
The picture above is an income statement of iPhone X. Apple took 58.5% of the profits of iPhone X, while Korean, Japanese and China Taiwan Province companies took about 65,438+00% of the profits. China only got less than 2% of the profits, and the resource countries that provided the materials didn't even deserve the names on the form. If China drank soup, they probably drank the northwest wind.
At this time, some people will ask, it is natural that you can get large profits by mastering science and technology, and does this have anything to do with dollar hegemony?
Dollar hegemony is established by economic, political, military and other aspects, not just economic aspects.
Once the world factory "Four Little Dragons in Asia" struggled for decades and entered the ranks of developed regions.
As the economic hegemon in Asia, Japan's GDP once accounted for 69% of the United States, and it was suspected of "seeking power and usurping the throne". After being cleaned up by the United States with the Plaza Accord, Japan was honest, but it also secured its position as a developed country.
After being cleaned up by the United States, Japan has lost its qualification and ambition to compete with the United States in the past, and now Japan has become a low-desire society.
Americans harvest? I was lying on the ground. Let's go
As the bridgehead of American blockade of China, Japan can't be the boss. The second meat eater always wants it, right?
Japan itself knows that no matter how it changes in the future, it will definitely not be the boss, but it is ok to eat some meat and drink some soup with the boss.
Those retired workers who used to work in the United States are not rich, but they are also living well.
But China can't be one of these countries, because China is too big, with a population of 654.38+04 billion. Former US President Obama once said that it would be a disaster if China people were allowed to live the American life.
Don't talk about American life, not even my own. This is also the essence of the contradiction between China and the United States.
Back to dollar hegemony, this is the global system established by the United States. If you think of it as a company, the United States is the boss, and Japan and South Korea are the workshop directors. Although they are also exploited, they are content with the status quo. Thanks to this system, they can make a living, so the support of these countries also constitutes "dollar hegemony."
Now China is trying to break the American blockade through the Belt and Road Initiative and the digital RMB. The people of China have no intention of harming the interests of other countries, but are trying to make their lives better. After all, princes would rather have seeds.