Short for drone? Drone? , abbreviated as? Drone? , is an unmanned aerial vehicle operated by radio remote control equipment and its own program control device. So, here are the key technical points of the drone I brought to you. Welcome to read and browse.
First of all, power technology
Endurance is a big obstacle to the development of UAV at present. The endurance of consumer-grade multi-rotor is basically about 20min minutes, and users have to carry multiple batteries when flying out, which is very inconvenient to use. UAV must achieve a breakthrough in power in order to reach a new revolutionary height.
1. New battery
20 15 from Energy Or Technology co., ltd. in Montreal, Canada, it is reported that the quadrotor aircraft with fuel cell has a endurance flight of 3 hours and 43 minutes. In addition, graphene, aluminum-air batteries and nano-batteries are expected to become the hope of the future battery world. These new battery technologies are urgently needed. They will be first used in mobile phones and electric vehicles, and then they can be equipped with multi-rotors.
2. Hybrid power
In 20 15, Top Flight Technologies, an American startup, reported that it had developed a hybrid six-rotor UAV. The six rotors only need 1 gallon of gasoline, and can fly for two and a half hours, with a range of about 160 km and a maximum load of about 9 kg. In addition, a company from Germany, Airstier, introduced multi-rotors. Multi-rotor adopts hybrid power of oil and electricity, with a payload of 5 kg, which can fly 1 hour.
3. Ground power supply
The ground power tethered multi-rotor can continuously transmit electric energy to multi-rotor through cables, which can greatly improve the air time of multi-rotor. For example, the Israeli company Skysapience rotor.
4. Wireless charging
Wireless charging technology has been commercialized in mobile phones, electric toothbrushes and other electronic products, and is being deeply applied in the field of electric vehicles. Sky Sense, a startup from Berlin, Germany, provides a solution for outdoor charging of drones: developing a tablet computer that can wirelessly charge drones. The biggest feature of Sky Sense is that it can remotely control the landing of drones. Charging? The whole process of take-off can be realized independently, and no one needs intervention and assistance at the scene. If the charging time is faster, wireless charging technology is very helpful for multi-rotor long-distance flight.
Second, navigation technology.
Does the drone know itself accurately? Where is it? 、? Where are you going? , almost like humans? Where did you come from and where did you go? Philosophical problems are inevitable at any stage of UAV development.
1. positioning technology
(1)GPS carrier phase positioning
At present, the research projects in this field include: Piksi developed by Swift Navigation Company and RTKLIB open source project developed by Tokyo Ocean University in Japan.
(2) Multi-information source positioning
The British military BAE recently announced the positioning technology they developed, called NAVSOP. This technology will use information including TV, radio and Wi-Fi to make up for the shortage of GPS.
(3)UWB (Ultra Wideband) wireless positioning.
2. Speed measurement technology
At present, it is recognized that the more accurate speed measurement scheme is through? Visual (optical flow)+ultrasonic+inertial navigation? The fusion of. AR。 Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is the first multi-rotor aircraft using this technology, which greatly improves the maneuverability of the aircraft and has achieved great success.
The PX4 Autopilot Open Source Project provides an open source optical flow sensor PX4Flow. The sensor can help multi-rotor hover accurately without GPS. Launched by DJI company? Enlightenment? And then what? Phantom 3? 、? Phantom 4? This technology is also used.
3. Obstacle avoidance technology
Let the flying drone? Long glasses? Identifying obstacles on the flight path and flying or hovering accurately is an important step to realize the intelligence of UAV. In the future, UAV obstacle avoidance technology will achieve breakthroughs in the following aspects:
(1) depth camera obstacle avoidance technology;
(2) Obstacle avoidance technology of sonar system;
(3)? Vision+Memristor? Obstacle avoidance technology;
(4) binocular vision obstacle avoidance technology;
(5) Small electronic scanning radar;
(6) Laser scanning ranging radar;
(7) Four-dimensional radar.
4. Tracking technology
Identify the target and follow the flight, reduce the user's operating burden, and use the drone to perform special tasks under special environmental conditions. Intelligent tracking mainly includes:
(1)GPS tracking;
(2) Visual tracking.
At present, these technologies have been embodied in advanced models such as DJI Phantom4.
Third, interactive technology.
At present, UAV is mainly controlled by remote control, which requires professional training and has certain limitations. With the development of new technology, UAV should simplify the requirements for operators and improve the user experience.
(1) gesture control technology
Gesture interaction is a trend of human-computer interaction in the future, and there are challenges in accuracy at present. At the exhibition site of CES20 14, there is a demonstration of controlling AR. Drone2.0 quadrotor aircraft adopts MYO attitude control armband.
(2) Brain-computer interface technology
In recent years, researchers have applied BCI (brain-computer interface) technology in many fields, and shop assistants have also used this technology to make new toys and artificial limbs for the disabled. As an aircraft that needs high safety, this method is not mature at present. It can be used as a technical demonstration for verification, which is still far from reality.
Fourth, communication technology.
(1)4G/5G communication technology
On June 13 and 17, Beijing 4G Alliance and UAV Alliance organized an exchange seminar between 4G Alliance and UAV Alliance, aiming at strengthening the technical exchange between Beijing 4G Alliance and UAV Alliance, finding the focus of UAV airborne load and 4G equipment and instruments, and promoting the development of Beijing information industry. 20 15 China mobile develops 4G? Super Air Force? Equipment that can support real-time transmission of aerial images. The speed of 5G is 250 times faster than the current LTE network standard connection speed, which marks a new milestone in the wireless industry. Smartphones, cars, medical equipment, drones and other devices will all benefit from this wireless connection speed.
(2)Wifi communication technology
In 20 13, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany developed a brand-new wireless wide area network technology, which broke the record of the fastest speed of WiFi, allowing users outside 1km to download 40GB per second. Because the transmission distance of this device is much wider than the coverage of ordinary WiFi routers, this device is very suitable for rural areas where unmanned aerial vehicles transmit images or optical fiber deployment is inconvenient.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) chip technology
(1) At CES in 20 14, Qualcomm and Intel demonstrated multi-axis aircraft with more functions. For example, the Snapdragon cargo UAV exhibited at CES in Qualcomm is a flight controller based on Qualcomm Snapdragon chip, which has the functions of wireless communication, sensor integration and spatial positioning. 2065438+In September 2005, according to Engadget, an American science and technology news website, Qualcomm launched a chip solution for the UAV market. Snapdragon flight platform? .
Brian Krzanich, CEO of Intel, personally demonstrated their drone at CES, using the quad-core Intel Atom processor PCI-express to customize the card. In addition, XMOS, a European processor manufacturer active in the robot market, also said that it has entered the field of drones.
(2)3DR announced that it has cooperated with Intel to develop Edison chip, which is a new type of microprocessor chip. It is only the size of a coin, but it has the same processing power as a personal computer.
(3) At present, many technology companies including IBM are simulating the brain and developing neuron chips. Once similar chips are applied to drones, autonomous response and automatic identification are expected to become a breeze.
Platform technology of intransitive verbs
( 1)? Dronecode？ Open source system of UAV based on
20 14 10, the famous open source foundation Linux initiated a project called? Dronecode？ The cooperative project of UAV open source system brings technology giants such as 3D Robotics, Intel, Qualcomm and Baidu into the project team, aiming at providing UAV developers with necessary resources, tools and technical support, and accelerating the development of UAV and robotics.
(2)Ubuntu 15.04 operating system
Ubuntu 15.04, the Internet of Things version, is the smallest and safest version of Ubuntu at present. It is very concise, suitable for publishers, technical professionals and developers, and can be used in areas such as drones.
(3)Airware released the enterprise-level UAV system.
Airware aims to help enterprises complete the deployment and management of commercial drones quickly and efficiently through standardized UAV software systems. The system was officially released on Thursday. Through the combination of software and hardware, Airware successfully achieved the goal of unified management of multiple UAVs of different models and brands on one software platform. At present, Airware products have been adopted by two partners, namely General Electric (also an investor of Airware) and Infinigy. Infinigy is a communication company.
Seven, air traffic control technology
(1) In 2014, Airware plans to carry out a series of flight and laboratory tests for different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (quadrotor, helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft) at the California base of NASA.
(2) SkyWard, a startup company, is developing a UAV traffic control system, which will allow thousands of UAVs to fly over the city without colliding with each other. Skyward is working with FAA, DJI, 3D Robotics and Parrot to prove that a large number of drones can be safely stored in crowded airspace.
(3) NASA and space technology company Exelis jointly developed the prototype product of UAV air traffic control system.
(4) Transtrex, located in Seattle, USA, released the test version of UAV dynamic geo-spatial restriction system software. The system aims to ensure the safe and standardized flight of unmanned aerial vehicles at 500 feet.
(5) At the 3rd AOPA (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association) International Flight Training Exhibition, China AOPA developed? U cloud? The UAV monitoring system was announced to be online.
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