title

The title should be short, clear and general. Through the title, readers can roughly understand the content and characteristics of the paper. Title words should be appropriate, generally not more than 20 words. If you must put some details in the title, in order to avoid being too long, it can be divided into a main title and a subtitle. The main title should be concise, and the details should be put in the subtitle. The title is generally centered in bold No.3, and there is a blank line before the title.

abstract

Also called abstract, it should summarize the contents, methods and viewpoints of the research topic in a condensed form, as well as the achievements and conclusions obtained, and should reflect the essence of the whole content.

According to the functions of abstracts, the forms of abstracts can be divided into the following three types.

1, reportable summary: namely informative summary or informative summary. It is required to briefly state the main information such as the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper research, without comment. Provide readers with all the innovative contents in the paper and as much quantitative or qualitative information as possible.

2. Indicative summary: a brief summary or a brief summary, which only briefly introduces the theme of the paper, or generally expounds the purpose, main contents and progress of the paper, so that readers can have a general understanding of the main contents of the paper. Write an indicative summary of the summary paper, generally about 200 words.

3. Indicative summary of the report: the most valuable part of the paper is expressed in the form of report summary, and the rest is expressed in the form of indicative summary. Information and key documents usually write an indicative summary of the report. The suggestive summary of the report should be 200~300 words.

Abstract element

The content of this paper mainly includes the following four aspects:

1, research purpose: accurately describe the purpose of this study, explain the reasons for raising the questions, and show the scope and importance of the study.

2. Research methods: briefly explain the basic design of the research topic, what materials and methods are used, what instruments and equipment are used, how to compare them in groups, the scope and accuracy of the research, how to obtain data and what statistical methods are used.

3. Results: Briefly list the main results of this study, what new findings are there, and explain their values and limitations. The narrative should be specific and accurate, and the confidence value of the result and the exact value of statistical significance test should be given.

4. Conclusion: Briefly explain the experience, demonstrate the correct viewpoint and theoretical or application value, whether there are other related problems that need further study and whether they can be popularized and applied.