1. First of all, the abstract should be faithful to the original text.
The content of the paper should be a brief statement of the purpose, object characteristics, viewpoints, methods and final conclusions of the paper, without explanation. Therefore, the abstract must objectively and truly reflect the content of the full text and avoid vague discussion, ambiguity or self-criticism of the research work itself; It is not allowed to add explanations or comments beyond the original content, and it should not be the same as the introduction or conclusion of the paper.
2. Secondly, the abstract of the paper is the third person.
As an independent style of reading and retrieval, it can only be written in the third person rather than others. In some abstracts, sentences with "we" and "author" as subjects generally weaken the objectivity of abstract expression; Many abstracts also use "this article" as the subject of the sentence, which can be done in person, but sometimes it doesn't make sense logically. For example:
In this paper, the cavitation resistance of cast iron and its related factors are studied experimentally. It is considered that graphite is the destruction source of cast iron cavitation. ...
This sentence takes "this article" as the subject, which makes no sense logically, because the actor who "conducts experimental research" and "thinks ……" is the author of the paper, not "this article". Similar mistakes include "this article has been investigated" and "this article has put forward the method of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The abstract of the paper should be concise and clear.
It is a high-level induction and generalization of the core content of the full text, which requires a short length (generally 50 ~ 300 words depending on the type of abstract). Therefore, in order to accommodate the most information in the limited space, we should come straight to the point and highlight the qualitative or quantitative information in the paper. In addition to using accurate words, we should pay special attention to the conciseness and conciseness of expressing sentences.
4. Finally, the composition and grammar of the paper should be standardized.
It should be an independent chapter, compact in structure, in one go, not segmented or less segmented. Well-known countries, institutions and special terms should be abbreviated as much as possible. Unusual abbreviations that appear for the first time should be indicated in brackets. In addition to being really inflexible, there are generally no illustrations, tables, reference numbers, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas.
The expression of words should meet the requirements of "fluent sentences, rigorous structure and accurate punctuation" Only sentences that conform to the rules of modern Chinese grammar, rhetoric and logic are fluent, concise and reasonable, so that the abstract can accurately and clearly express the main points and contents of the paper.
What are the undergraduate subjects of the I-level entrance examination?
High school junior college and undergraduate course: