It is a comprehensive introduction to the paper, so that people can understand the main contents of the paper. After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases without modification or slight modification, so that readers can know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the title, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others compile the abstract.

Paper keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Expand the types of information papers:

1, thematic. Based on the analysis of previous research results, this paper expresses opinions in the form of direct discussion and puts forward academic problems of a certain subject from the front.

2. argumentative. This is a paper aimed at others' views on an academic problem of a certain subject, with sufficient arguments, focusing on exposing its shortcomings or mistakes, and expressing opinions through debate.

3. Summary type. This is a kind of paper that introduces or comments on an academic problem of a certain subject on the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors or present people to express their opinions.

4. comprehensive type. This is a paper written by organically combining summary and demonstration.

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