High-performance aerogel thermal insulation material is a kind of gel material whose dispersion medium is gas, and it is a flexible or rigid high-performance thermal insulation material that meets the temperature range of -200℃ ~ 800℃. The pore size in this material is in the order of nanometer, which can effectively inhibit air convection and solid heat conduction, and it is a high-performance heat insulation material.
Brief introduction of aerogel materials;
Nano-porous aerogel is a kind of gel material with gas as dispersion medium, and it is a nano-porous solid material with network structure composed of colloidal particles or polymer molecules. The pore size in this material is in the order of nanometers. The porosity is as high as 80-99.8%, the typical void size is1-kloc-0/00 nm, the density can be as low as 3 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity at room temperature can be as low as 0.0 12 W/(m? K) It is precisely because of these characteristics that aerogel materials have broad application potential in aerospace, shipbuilding, construction, new energy, petrochemical industry, clothing, catalysts, electrochemistry and so on.
Aerogels can be divided into silica aerogels, zirconia aerogels, alumina aerogels and carbon aerogels. The service temperature of silica aerogel can reach 600℃, zirconia aerogel can reach 1300℃, and carbon aerogels can reach 2000℃.
Application of aerogel materials;
(A) the application of aerogels in petrochemical industry
It is reported that one of the key requirements for operators to exploit submarine oil and gas fields is to be able to transport unprocessed hydrocarbons, which are often in a state of high temperature and high pressure, and the coastal transportation distance is getting longer and longer. Without adequate thermal insulation, these hydrocarbons will cool and produce hydrates or waxes, which will eventually block the flow pipeline and bring huge costs to operators. Aerogel's excellent thermal insulation performance can solve this problem well.
(2) The application of aerogels in ships.
With the development of marine transportation and offshore oil fields, offshore drilling platforms, oil tankers, liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ships have developed rapidly. These special ships put forward higher requirements for thermal insulation and fire separation, and also become a new platform for the application of aerogel materials.
(c) the application of aerogels in architecture.
Aerogel has great potential in building thermal insulation due to its excellent thermal insulation performance. Compared with the currently used polystyrene foam aerogel, it not only has better heat insulation effect, but also is non-flammable and can effectively prevent fire. Aerogel also has excellent aging resistance, which can ensure that the external insulation body will not age for 30 years. At present, the cost of aerogel is relatively high. When the process is more optimized and the cost is reduced in the future, aerogels will be widely used in building insulation. At the same time, aerogel can be used to make transparent roofs because of its light transmission.
(d) Aerogels in aerospace applications
At present, aerogels have been widely used in aerospace where thermal insulation is needed. One of them is the application in space thermal batteries. Aerogel material, as a thermal insulation layer, perfectly meets the requirements of aerospace for high performance of thermal batteries. The picture below shows the thermal insulation aerogel material of thermal battery.
(5) Application of aerogels in other fields.
Aerogel has great application potential in electrochemistry, clothing, new energy and catalyst because of its excellent thermal insulation performance. Aerogel can be used as catalyst carrier because its pores are nano-scale and its specific surface area is large, which makes it have great adsorption capacity. Because of its adsorption and extremely low density, it can also be used to store hydrogen. Its good thermal insulation can be used to make clothes, and only a thin layer is needed to achieve good thermal insulation effect.
As a thermal insulation material, it can be used for thermal protection of high-power engines, industrial high-temperature furnaces, high-efficiency thermal batteries and green intelligent buildings of supersonic aircraft, armored vehicles and ships. As a fireproof partition material, it can be used to manufacture fire doors and bulkheads in large ships and high-rise buildings. It can be used to make special clothes (winter clothes, fire-fighting clothes, body armor), sound insulation materials, catalyst carriers, etc.
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