The full text of the discussion on the English translation standard of academic paper titles is as follows:
With the continuous improvement of China's science and technology and research level and the great development of modern means of communication, academic exchanges at home and abroad are becoming more and more frequent. In order to expand its international influence and be included in more internationally renowned retrieval systems, all sci-tech journals attach great importance to the writing and editing of English titles.
Keywords: academic papers; Title; English translation norms
I. Introduction
In China, according to the statistical bulletin [1] issued by the General Administration of Press and Publication on September 7, 20/0, in 2009, 985 1 periodicals were published nationwide. According to Qiu Junping of Wuhan University Scientific Evaluation Research Center? Where the number of academic papers exceeds 50% of the total number of papers, is the standard of academic journals? After comparing, researching and screening more than 9,000 domestic journals, 6 170 journals were determined as academic journals [2]. Most of these academic journals are Chinese journals.
With the deepening of international academic exchanges, in order to facilitate international academic and cultural exchanges, academic papers in Chinese journals are required to contain certain English information. Therefore, the English title, author (pinyin or foreign language) and English author unit, English abstract and English keywords of the paper become indispensable contents of academic papers.
Second, the English translation norms of academic paper titles
According to the constituent elements of academic papers, the title is an indispensable part of a complete academic paper. Titles of titles are also called titles and titles. Based on the principle of accuracy, conciseness and clarity, it is the logical combination of the most appropriate and concise words that reflect the most important specific content of the paper. At present, with the continuous improvement of science and technology and research level in China and the great development of modern means of communication, academic exchanges at home and abroad have become increasingly frequent. In order to expand their international influence and be included in more internationally renowned retrieval systems, all sci-tech journals attach great importance to the writing and editing of English titles of papers.
1. Consistency of Chinese and English titles: English titles and Chinese titles of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that important words are in one-to-one correspondence. English topics should not only fully and accurately express the meaning of Chinese topics, but also conform to English habits. Many problems are common? Research? 、? Open? 、? Shallow talk? 、? Preliminary research? 、? Analysis? Words like, are often omitted in translation. But what if? Analysis? 、? Research? Words such as "he" have restrictive elements, so they should be translated and cannot be omitted. Like what? Reliability analysis? (reliability analysis), error analysis; Case study.
2. Prepositions in the topic should be used correctly: prepositions are flexible in usage and have many fixed collocations. Here is a special reminder of the usage of the preposition of in the title. If an of has an of in the title, and there are three in a row, it will annoy readers. At this time, if allowed, you can use other prepositions on and for instead of of of; There are also? S (possessive form); Or use nouns to describe nouns. With the development of modern science and technology, this expression is very common. From the point of view of simplifying the title, the beginning preposition of most prepositional phrase titles can also be omitted.
3. Noun phrases are the main form of titles: that is, all titles are composed of one or more nouns plus their prepositions and/or postpositions, so nouns, adjectives, prepositions, articles and conjunctions generally appear in titles, pronouns (a) appear in some cases, and verbs generally appear in the form of V-ing V-ed (b), and generally have no predicate components.
4. Titles are usually not in the form of declarative sentences and interrogative sentences: titles mainly play a marking role, while declarative sentences are easy to make titles have judgment semantics, and declarative sentences are generally not so concise and clear. In this way, the topic can be rewritten from declarative sentences to noun phrases. Interrogative questions are not conducive to literature retrieval, so try not to use them.
5. Title word limit: Foreign sci-tech journals have restrictions on the number of titles, which can generally be within 10 and not exceed 15. For example, the publications of the British Mathematical Society require that each title should not exceed12; Journal of National Cancer Institute requires that the title should not exceed 14 words. The American Medical Association stipulates that the title should not exceed two lines, and each line should not exceed 42 characters and spaces. Of course, this is not absolute. The general principle is that under the premise of accurate, concise and clear titles, the fewer words the better.
6. Subtitles in titles: Subtitles in titles can supplement and clarify, but they should not be used too much. Traditionally, English titles use more subtitles than Chinese titles, which can sometimes achieve good results. Sometimes, although Chinese titles have no subtitle, they can be divided into two parts when translated into English.
For example, regression analysis is used to evaluate the noise flow (no subtitles).
Evaluation of noise flux: regression analysis (with subtitle).
Evaluation of noise fluctuation by regression analysis.
7. Articles in the title: In recent years, the titles of research papers tend to be concise, and articles can be used or not. In fact, the article in the title only plays a grammatical role, and the article before the general noun can be omitted, especially at the title, giving the title position to more important content words. It should be noted that the omission of definite articles is limited to the title, and the necessary places in the abstract and text must not be omitted.
8. Abbreviations in titles: With the development of science and technology, a large number of scientific and technological terms have been produced. These terms are composed of many words, which are not convenient to write or dictate, so people often use abbreviations to express them. However, the use of abbreviations in titles must be strictly restricted-only abbreviations with long full names, widely known and recognized abbreviations and very popular with readers can be used. However, if there are English abbreviations in Chinese titles, they can be written accordingly when translating. What are the most omitted function words: articles and verbs? Become? . For example, Italianex-mayor was murdered = an: Italianex-mayor was murdered.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Note: The use of abbreviations is restricted by readers.
9. Title writing format:
Titles are usually written in three ways.
(1) Capitalize all letters: If the title contains ph,? ,? ,? Don't write too much, such as? -Ray? -Ray? Particles.
(2) Capitalize the first letter of each real word: determination of reactor dynamic parameters in a dual-core reactor. Determination of dynamic parameters of dual-core reactor. This usage is quite common, but there are also many subtleties that need attention: the first letter of the article (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or, nor) and prepositions (of, in, on, to, for, from, with, etc. ) in the title 1 is not big. But when these words are located at the beginning of the title or at the beginning of the subtitle after the colon in the title, the first letter should be capitalized. When the last word of the topic is a preposition with less than 5 letters, the first letter should also be capitalized. 2) The five-letter prepositions in the topic should be capitalized, such as About, Within, Between, etc. The United States believes that four-letter prepositions in the title should be capitalized, such as From and With. ) .3) The first letter r of ray in X-ray is not big. 4) Capitalize the initials of common names, but don't write the initials of species. 5) If the compound word in the title is used as a whole modifier, the first letters of the two words are capitalized. Capitalize the words after the hyphen, such as nouns, important adjectives or other equally important words. If each word is independent, the first letter of the word should be capitalized. High temperature system. 6) In the title, the abbreviation of the unit of measurement is not big, but the first letter of the spelling word should be capitalized. A milligram analysis of 2 mg.
(3) In the whole title, only the first letter of the first word is capitalized, and the rest are lowercase. In the capitalization format of titles, there are several points to note: 1) The first letter of proper nouns in titles should be capitalized. 2) Capitalize the first letter of the locative word indicating the country or region, but don't write the first letter of its adjective. Northeast? Northeasters; Midwest? Midwest region.
3) The initials of ordinary instruments and equipment are not big. Spectrophotometer, spectrophotometer. 4) Capitalize the adjectives of some proper nouns. Gauss Gauss; Newton Newton's 5) surnames have small initials, Einstein? Einstein's theory.
10. Use abbreviations as little as possible in the title, and indicate the full name in brackets when necessary.
1 1. Use as few numbers and Greek letters in the title as possible. Avoid using unusual or irregular symbols, such as chemical formula, upper and lower corner marks, special symbols (number symbols, Greek letters, etc.). ), formulas and non-English words (including Latin).
12. Concepts such as time and quantity in the topic should be accurately expressed by numbers, and it is best not to use vague words. Such as length, length, etc.
13. Tense selection mostly uses the simple present tense, while progressive tense or other consistent tenses are rarely used. In voice, we should use the sentence structure of passive voice, because active voice contains subjective factors, while passive voice has objective color.
14. accurate choice of words: commonly used in China? Question? The word "problem" is often translated into "question" or "problem", which is sometimes inaccurate. If it refers to an objective problem that is difficult to solve, apply the problem; If you pay attention to the differences or problems that cause discussion, apply the problems; If a question is questioned because of doubt or objection, use query. If you ask a question because of doubt and need to reply, use question.
References:
[1] Statistical Bulletin of the General Administration of Press and Publication of the People's Republic of China. Basic situation of national news publishing industry in 2009 [EB/OL].
[2] Qiu Junping. Characteristics, practice and result analysis of academic journal evaluation in China [EB/OL]
[3] china redactological society, National Publishing Vocational Qualification Examination Office. Publishing professional practice (intermediate) [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 2007.