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Disaster prevention and mitigation starts with me. Natural disasters go hand in hand with the development of human society, and disaster risks are always with everyone. Indian Ocean Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, Wenchuan Earthquake, Japan East Sea Earthquake and Tsunami ... Shocking disasters have brought disasters to countless families and caused great losses to social and economic development. China is a country with serious natural disasters, with many kinds, wide distribution, high frequency and heavy losses. More than 70% of the cities and 50% of the population in China are located in areas prone to meteorological, seismic, geological and marine disasters. All kinds of disasters threaten the safety of our lives and property and the beautiful home where we live together. Since 2009, the government of China has designated May 12 as the national "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", aiming at arousing the awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation of the whole people and continuously enhancing the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of the whole society. On the occasion of the third national "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", we propose: disaster prevention and mitigation, start with me! First, efforts should be made to raise awareness of risk prevention. In our life, travel and daily work, disaster risks and hidden dangers of accidents are everywhere. We sincerely remind you: please know the disaster risks around you, always be vigilant, raise awareness of prevention, and ensure the safety of you and your family. Second, actively learn the knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation. Knowing about disasters, risks and escape skills is an effective way to stay away from disasters and reduce injuries. Please take some time to learn the knowledge and skills of disaster prevention and mitigation, risk avoidance and self-help from now on, so that knowledge can become the power to protect you and your family. Third, actively participate in disaster prevention and mitigation activities. Disaster prevention and mitigation starts from yourself. I earnestly hope that you can actively participate in various disaster prevention and mitigation activities organized by the government, units and communities, and take the initiative to participate in disaster avoidance and escape drills. Everyone is welcome to make suggestions and suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation, and improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. Let's join hands, pay attention to disaster prevention and mitigation, establish risk awareness, master escape skills, and build a solid defense line against disasters for ourselves, our families and friends!

Another one:

Tsunami:

Tsunami is a powerful and destructive wave. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater collapses and landslides can all cause tsunamis.

On 20 1 1 March11day, a strong earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred off the coast of Japan, which triggered a tsunami about 10 meters high and spread to the Pacific coast of America.

1. When going to the seaside, you should pay attention to the reports of nearby earthquakes, get relevant information through radio or television, and take precautions.

2. When you feel a strong earthquake or long-term vibration, you need to leave the coast immediately, take refuge in high places and other safe places quickly, and don't go near the coast until the tsunami warning is lifted.

3. Abnormal tidal fluctuations, such as obvious sea level drop or huge waves, and a large number of bubbles emerge, must leave as soon as possible.

4. You must be alert when the animals around you have abnormal anxiety. Animals are more sensitive than people!

If you fall into the water in the tsunami, try to catch things like branches and boards and let them float on the water. Don't raise your hand, don't struggle, and don't waste your energy unnecessarily. Don't drink sea water.

High temperature:

High temperature means that the temperature at that time is equal to or greater than 35 degrees Celsius. When the temperature reaches or exceeds 35 degrees, it will issue a high-temperature warning signal, predict a high-temperature yellow warning signal of 35.0 ~ 36.9 degrees, predict a high-temperature orange warning signal of 37.0 ~ 39.9 degrees, and predict a high-temperature red warning signal above 40.0 degrees. The day when the highest temperature exceeds 35 degrees is called a high temperature day.

Because the underlying surface composed of cement and asphalt in urban areas has high thermal conductivity and a large amount of air pollutants, it can absorb more solar energy and a large amount of artificial heat enters the air; On the other hand, because of the dense buildings, it is not conducive to heat diffusion, forming a high temperature center, which is also the urban heat island effect of high temperature in summer in big cities.

1. Arrange the work and rest time reasonably, and try to avoid the operation at high temperature at noon. During high temperature, provide operators with enough drinking water or mung bean water, heatstroke prevention drugs and equipment.

2. Stay in a cool place or a ventilated room and reduce going out. When traveling in hot weather, you should pay attention to sun protection and heatstroke prevention.

3. Pay attention to food hygiene. Drink plenty of water, mainly warm and salty boiled water or tea, and eat more fruits and fresh vegetables. The diet is mainly light.

4. Maintain public health and prevent infection caused by high temperature and intensified bacterial reproduction. Beware of mosquito bites.

5. In case of heatstroke, the patient should be transferred to a cool and ventilated place as soon as possible, so that the patient can lie on his back and untie or loosen his clothes.

Tornado:

Tornado is a strong wind vortex accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud column rotating at high speed, which is produced by strong convection of air in extremely unstable weather. The wind speed near the center can reach 100 m/s ~ 200 m/s, with a maximum of 300 m/s, which is several times larger than the maximum wind speed near the center of typhoon (generated at sea). Tornadoes are extremely destructive. Where they pass, they often pull up trees, overturn vehicles, destroy buildings and so on, and even suck people away. 20 1 1 In early May, the southern part of the United States was hit by a tornado, which destroyed a large number of towns and caused hundreds of deaths.

1. Pay attention to media reports, listen to forecast information in time, and prepare for disaster prevention.

2. At home, be sure to stay away from doors, windows and external walls of houses and hide in the wall or small room opposite the tornado. The safest place to avoid a tornado is the basement or semi-basement.

3. In case of emergency such as pole collapse and house collapse, cut off the power supply in time to prevent electric shock or fire.

4. When there is a tornado outside the venue, you should look for low-lying land nearby or avoid along the vertical direction of the wind direction, but stay away from trees and telephone poles to avoid being smashed, crushed and electrocuted.

5. When you encounter a tornado, you should stop immediately and get off at a low-lying place to avoid the explosion caused by the car being swept away. It should be noted that cars and mobile homes have no mission defense function against tornadoes.

Lightning:

The so-called thunder and lightning is the phenomenon that one cloud in the sky suddenly and violently discharges with another cloud or the earth because of the opposite nature of charges. In this discharge process, it is often accompanied by strong dazzling flash and deafening explosion noise.

China is located in temperate and subtropical regions, and thunderstorm activities are very frequent. 2 1 provincial capital city, the annual maximum thunderstorm days are more than 50 days, and the maximum thunderstorm days reach 134 days. According to the lightning data in recent 30 years, the number of thunderstorm days in China has not changed much, but the economic losses and casualties caused by lightning disasters are becoming more and more serious, with the characteristics of frequent occurrence, wide range, serious harm and great social impact.

1. High-rise buildings should be equipped with lightning protection facilities and maintained regularly.

2. Stay away from all kinds of antennas, telephone poles, iron towers, chimneys, flagpoles and other high-altitude isolated objects. If possible, you should enter buildings with lightning protection facilities or cars and ships with metal shells. However, canvas trucks, tractors, motorcycles, etc. Thunderstorms are more dangerous, so you should stay away as soon as possible.

3. Try to leave hills, beaches, rivers and ponds, and try to leave isolated trees and buildings without lightning protection devices. Don't swim outdoors in lightning weather.

Before being struck by lightning, people will suddenly feel their hair stand on end or their skin shake. At this time, they should lie flat on the ground immediately, or choose to squat down in a low-lying place, with their feet together, their arms crossed and their heads down, so as to minimize their position and reduce their exposure.

5. If the person who gets an electric shock is in a "suspended animation" state due to lightning strike, immediately put him in a horizontal position, keep him warm and comfortable, and give him first aid. Artificial respiration is very necessary.

Earthquake:

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, causing huge losses.

On 20 1 1 March11day, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Japan. The epicenter was located in the Pacific Ocean east of Miyagi Prefecture, with a focal depth of 20 kilometers. The earthquake triggered a large-scale tsunami, causing heavy casualties and causing a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

When an earthquake occurs, the most basic phenomenon is the continuous vibration of the ground, and the main feature is obvious shaking.

1. Learning earthquake and earthquake prevention knowledge can make you not afraid or panic during an earthquake and avoid unnecessary casualties. It is very important to keep calm during an earthquake.

2. When a destructive earthquake suddenly occurs, it is a good method to take refuge nearby and evacuate quickly after the earthquake.

3. During the earthquake, pay attention to fire prevention and turn off the power and gas.

If you are unfortunately buried in the ruins after the earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you can't get out of danger, you should save your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for rescuers.

5. Pay attention to food and drinking water hygiene to prevent post-disaster epidemic.

Drought:

Drought usually refers to a climatic phenomenon that the total amount of fresh water is not enough to meet human survival and economic development, and it is generally a long-term phenomenon. Drought has always been the main natural disaster facing mankind. Even today when science and technology are so advanced, its disastrous consequences still abound. It is particularly noteworthy that with the development of human economy and population expansion, the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more serious, which directly leads to the expansion of drought area and the aggravation of drought. The drought trend has become a global concern.

1. Build water conservancy and develop farmland irrigation.

2. Improve farming system, change crop composition, select drought-tolerant varieties and make full use of limited rainfall.

3. Planting trees to improve the regional climate, reduce evaporation and reduce the harm of dry wind.

4. Study and apply modern technologies and water-saving measures such as artificial rainfall, spray and drip irrigation, plastic film mulching, moisture conservation and temporary utilization of inferior water sources.

We should start from ourselves, protect the environment and save water.

Flood:

Flood is a natural phenomenon and a natural disaster, which is caused by natural factors such as rainstorm, rapid melting of ice and snow, storm surge and so on.

We have to admit that the rapid population growth, the expansion of cultivated land, land reclamation around lakes, deforestation and other human activities in China constantly change the surface state, change the confluence conditions, and aggravate the degree of floods. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen soil and water conservation, prevent soil erosion, strengthen river and lake management and build water conservancy projects.

1. According to the flood information provided by local TV, radio and other media, combined with their own location and conditions, calmly choose the best route to evacuate, so as to avoid the passive situation of "people arrive first and there is no water".

2. When the flood comes, people who can't move in time should quickly move to nearby hillsides, highlands, buildings, flood shelters and other places, or immediately climb on roofs, tall buildings, trees, high walls and other places for temporary refuge.

3. If you are surrounded by flood, try to get in touch with the local flood control department as soon as possible, report your position and danger, and actively seek rescue. In the flood, we must pay attention to, if you don't know the water situation, you must wait for rescue in a safe zone, and never swim to escape.

If you have been involved in the flood, you must try your best to catch fixed or floating things and look for opportunities to escape.

5. After the flood, we should do a good job in health and epidemic prevention to prevent the epidemic.

Sandstorm:

The so-called sandstorm weather refers to a weather phenomenon in which local or nearby dust is blown by the wind, making the air turbid and the atmospheric visibility significantly reduced. According to its intensity from high to low, it can be divided into three grades: sandstorm, sand blowing and floating dust.

1. Pay attention to all kinds of media reports on the latest news of sandstorms and wind prevention notices.

2. Close the doors and windows in time, and seal the doors and windows with tape when necessary. Kindergartens and schools should take temporary avoidance measures and suggest suspending classes.

3. Wear a mask when going out and cover your head with a scarf to avoid dust invading your eyes and respiratory tract. Special attention should be paid to traffic safety. Vehicles should slow down, pay close attention to road conditions and drive carefully.

4. It is not advisable to go out when the sandstorm weather is strong, especially for the elderly, children and people with respiratory allergic diseases. Outdoor workers should work temporarily.

5. Prepare for wind and sand prevention at ordinary times, keep the indoor environment clean and dry, and reduce the number of dust mites, fungi and bacteria in indoor life. And pay attention to the physiological hygiene of the respiratory tract. In dusty weather, people should drink more water and eat more light food.

6. Don't rub the dust when you are confused. Immediately close your eyes, lower your head slightly, blink your eyelids again, and let the dust flow out with the tears rushing to the corner of your eyes; Or ask someone for help and rinse with water; Severe cases are sent to hospital for treatment.

Hail:

Hail is most common in summer or at the turn of spring and summer. It is some ice particles as small as mung beans and soybeans and as big as chestnuts and eggs. Except for Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces, there is less hail weather in China, and every place suffers from different degrees of hail disasters every year. Especially in the mountainous and hilly areas in the north, the terrain is complex, the weather is changeable and there are many hail, which is very harmful to agriculture. Heavy hail destroyed crops and houses, injured people and killed livestock. Extraordinary hail can be even bigger than grapefruit, which will kill people, destroy a large area of farmland and trees, and destroy buildings and vehicles. It has powerful lethality. Hail disaster is one of the most serious disasters in China.

1. Get the weather forecast about hail, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by hail and strong wind.

Try not to go out when the hail comes. When you have to go out, you should pay attention to protect your head and face from injury. Outdoor workers should suspend their work and take refuge in a safe place.

If you are outdoors when the hail comes, you should immediately find a place to hide, preferably a solid building.

If you are driving or in a car, you should immediately park your car in a place where you can avoid it, and you must not rush forward to avoid unnecessary injuries.

Sometimes hail will be accompanied by storms, so special attention should be paid to prevention and avoidance.