First of all, thesis-what is a thesis?

Essays are rational articles that persuade readers to agree with the author's point of view. Different from expository writing, expository writing only objectively explains the concepts and principles of things so that readers can understand them; However, this article hopes to influence readers' thoughts and actions.

Second, the essay-essay writing methods

1. The idea should focus on the theme.

In order to make the paper clear, it is necessary to make the full text have a running line, which is the theme of the paper. Theme is the essence of an academic paper, which embodies the author's academic views and opinions. The influence of the paper on readers is mainly realized through its theme. So before writing a paper, we must focus on the theme and serve the theme. As the French painter Miller said, "The so-called conception refers to the art of transmitting one's own thoughts to others". This article is very important.

2. conceive the layout of the paper and strive for a complete and unified structure.

When designing a thesis, it is sometimes found that it needs to be written in chronological order, and sometimes it needs to be written in geographical position (space) order, but it still needs to be written in logical relationship, that is, it needs to conform to the internal relations and laws of objective things and the logic of scientific research and understanding things. But no matter what the situation is, it must be reasonable, coherent and complete. Sometimes, there are several writing schemes that need to be compared. In comparison, with the deepening of thinking, writing ideas will go through a process from complex to simple, from complex to clear clues. At this time, we should seize the opportunity of epiphany in time and determine a better plan according to the spirit of "acting according to circumstances" of the ancients.

3. Do reader analysis.

The ultimate goal of writing and publishing any scientific and technological article is to let others see it. Therefore, it is required to "have readers in mind" and do more reader analysis when conceiving. With a clear audience, we can effectively explore ideas and successfully determine the angle of conception, material selection and expression. Generally speaking, readers can be divided into professional readers, non-professional readers, leaders in charge or heads of scientific and technological institutions, and people have different requirements and evaluation criteria for scientific and technological articles. For academic papers, their readers are professional readers. Therefore, the idea is to meet the needs and development of the specialty, determine the depth and breadth of materials and expressions, and clarify the focus of the paper. If a paper contains several topics of different importance, the author should distinguish between primary and secondary topics and consider how to transition from secondary topics to main topics in order to arouse the interest of professional readers.

Third, about the text-how to improve the ability of conception

It is hard to imagine that an author with unclear ideas will write a well-organized and well-organized paper. Therefore, it is important to train the thinking ability through writing practice, which will improve the thinking ability and the ability to conceive papers accordingly.

Before writing an academic paper formally, it is of great help to the author to exercise his thinking and improve his conception ability. This method has been proved to be one of the effective methods by long-term practice. According to data reports, about 95% of the scientific and technological personnel in the world draw up an outline first, and then write according to it.

The role of writing an outline, specifically, has the following points:

1. The writing outline is similar to Zhang Jianshe's blueprint, which can help the author to make an encyclopedia of life and solve life problems.

I have outlined the framework or outline of the whole paper, reflecting my initial thinking after digesting materials and logical thinking. I can plan what to write first, what to write later, how to express it consistently, where to focus, and where to make some comments or explanations. Writing according to this plan can make the paper clear in level, coherent in content and closely expressed.

2. To draw up a writing outline, you only need to use some simple sentences or even word phrases to prompt, and organize the material units and corresponding arguments into serial numbers. The workload is not big, it is easy to do. When the outline is written, it will come up as a whole. It's like turning a kaleidoscope, just a little.

Turn an angle and a new pattern will appear. The same is true of the adjustment of the outline. It should be said that it is much easier to adjust the high-speed outline than to write the humanities without an outline.

The sentences used in the outline to prompt writing can sometimes be used as the titles of paragraphs in the paper. It can be seen that the structure of the paper can be determined by drafting the writing outline, so that the whole paper can form a unified and complete theoretical system.

The preparation of the outline was completed by the busy author and co-author yesterday. The former, because of busy work, sometimes interrupts the writing process, and you can use outline tips to help you immediately restore your original ideas when rewriting; The latter can help co-authors to divide their work according to the outline and avoid repetition and omission caused by each writing.

Fourth, discourse-the type of discourse.

According to the importance of common reasoning methods in explaining, feeling, analyzing, demonstrating and evaluating these discourses, the discourses can be divided into the following three categories.

First, the thesis

Interpretation and argumentation are the main methods, and the affirmative opinion is the paper. A thesis is a thesis, and it often takes a long time to discuss and study before a theory can be created and popularized. Philosophical papers, political papers, economic papers, academic papers, degree papers, subject papers, etc. Most of them belong to certificate papers.

Second, comments.

Taking analysis and evaluation as the main method, it is comments that evaluate the identified objects. Comments need an object to which the author expresses his own views, namely reasoning and theory. Comments are articles that use theory to analyze and solve problems. Current affairs reviews, international reviews, sports reviews, book reviews, film and television reviews, music reviews, etc. Mostly comments.

Third, the sense of paper

Taking feeling and argument as the main method is a feeling paper to express personal views. Feeling paper is often caused by events and feelings, mixed with prose brushwork. Essays, essays, essays, essays, essays, etc. Most of them belong to sensory papers.

Fourth, refute the thesis.

A form of discussion that points out the mistakes or defects of existing viewpoints is called rebuttal. Contrary to argument, refuting a paper is to prove the error or defect of XXX's point of view, and all arguments and arguments are based on this. Therefore, first of all, you should explain the core content of your rebuttal to the readers, then reason with facts, make arguments strong and logical, and finally show your views in a solution way.