The function of the first paragraph of the optional clause: the opening point, leading the full text; Lead out the following, or pave the way for the following; Render the atmosphere and set the tone.

The function of the last paragraph: summarize the full text and summarize the main idea; Echoing the beginning, the beginning and the end are round, making the article seamless; Zhang Xianzhi pointed out the theme; Strengthen the author's emotion, deepen or sublimate the theme; Endless words make readers think; Euphemism is implicit, the implication is thought-provoking; Wait a minute.

(2) What is the function of content in the text? Appreciate the important sentences in the text or how to understand the role of important sentences in the text. )

The idea of solving problems first confirms the position of the specified content in the text, and then analyzes whether its language expression is discussion, narration or description, so as to make the answer more targeted. For example, in argumentative writing, the idea of answering questions can be summarized as "argument+function", and specific examples generally have the function of "enriching content, highlighting the center and enhancing persuasiveness". The role of the transition section is mainly to connect the preceding with the following. When you do the problem, you should specifically answer how to connect and how to connect. Find out the specific content of the connection link. If the secondary object described in the middle paragraph is consistent with the main object in the selected text in image, artistic conception or emotion, then its role in expression is generally to set off (or set off, pave the way). If the secondary object described in the middle paragraph is inconsistent with the main object in the selected text in image, artistic conception or emotion, its expressive function is a contrast.

Pay attention to two aspects when answering questions: ideological and structural.

1, from "ideological content":

(1) Contact the meaning of this sentence. (2) Highlight (emphasize) what content of the context or reveal the meaning of the paragraph. (3) Contact (reveal) the center (arguments and characteristics) of this article with the author's attitude and feelings. (4) Pay attention to whether some rhetoric or expression is used, and if so, pay attention to its expression effect.

2. From the perspective of "structure":

The structural functions of alternative terms are as follows:

A. Opening paragraph: Opening point: Rendering atmosphere; Lay a good foundation; Set suspense; Pave the way for the following; Below the general collar; Responsible for the whole article; Cut to the chase; Contextual contrast; Render the atmosphere; Set the tone; Reveal the theme.

B, the middle paragraph: connecting the preceding with the following (summarizing something above, causing a description of what is below); Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Lay a good foundation; Pave the way; Combination of details; replenish the contents

C, the last paragraph: point out the center and deepen the theme; Care begins; Echoing the previous article; Draw a dragon to clean up; Sublimate feelings; Zhang Xianzhi; Implicit and memorable; Entrust the author's feelings. Make the structure round head and tail; Words are endless, meaning is endless.

(C), rhetorical function questions answering procedures

The thinking of solving problems must first confirm the rhetorical devices used. Commonly used figures of speech include parallelism, metaphor, personification, duality, exaggeration, irony, rhetorical question (or rhetorical question), metonymy, repetition and so on. Secondly, it analyzes its specific function by combining sentences.

Substitution term

Metaphor-make things vivid, vivid and concrete, giving people a vivid impression; Turn intangible into tangible. Make the profound truth simple, visualize the abstract truth, and vividly highlight the characteristics of ontology with concrete images, thus enhancing the interest and vividness of the article. Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

Personification-making things have certain emotions, vivid images and easy to express certain feelings. Can make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, produce strong feelings, and cause * * *. (Metaphor: vivid colors, vivid images and rich meanings. If you use "you" to describe things yourself, it will not only make things feel like some people, but also have a kind and natural expression effect.

Parallelism-strongly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. Enhance the momentum, strengthen the tone, do it in one go, and highlight the key points. Argumentative writing often increases language potential and plays a role in strengthening argumentation. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest. Exaggeration-can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things, express feelings more strongly, and cause a strong buzz among readers. Enlarge opinions and feelings, emphasize love and hate right and wrong, and make beauty and ugliness more vivid.

Duality-neat syllables, symmetrical morphology, strong sense of rhythm and beautiful melody; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality.

Quote-add meaning to sentences, enrich the content of articles, increase the expression effect and enhance persuasiveness. (Attachment: the function of quotation marks: quotation, emphasis, specific title, negation, irony and irony; Dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progress, topic change, interjection. )

Contrast-make the characteristics of things expressed or the truth viewpoint expounded more vivid and prominent. In contrast, there is a direct ratio, which is the usual foil. The term has side foil (foil); There is an inverse ratio, which is what we usually call promotion and inhibition (if you want to promote first, you should inhibit first).

(4), the expression method function problem solving program

Solution thinking

Explain the commonly used expression techniques and their functions.

Commonly used expression techniques include analogy, symbol, association, imagination, expression, bedding, comparison, contrast, line drawing and so on.

The function of foil is to highlight the characteristics of the things to be expressed; The function of rendering is to pave the way for writing and create an atmosphere.

On this basis, combined with the content of the sentence, the expression skills used are clarified and answered.

Solution steps: technique+analysis (for example)+function. When analyzing, we should pay attention to the content of paragraphs, conform to the characteristics of techniques, and the expression function conforms to the author's writing motivation and theme.

Alternate clause: line drawing symbolizes satire, analogy, association, imagination, expression and ambition.

Symbol: extended rationality, implicit image, concretization of abstract things, stimulating association and strong appeal.

Moderation: it can be suppressed first and then promoted, or it can be promoted first and then suppressed. Its function can make the article tortuous and highlight the feelings of like, praise or criticism and satire.

Contrast: make the image vivid. Put two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together and compare them with each other. Highlight the author's feelings about this matter or the truth. Use contrast, or make the contradiction of opposing things stand out clearly, reveal the essence and give people profound enlightenment. Or make the two aspects of contrast set off each other, complement each other, give people a deep impression, make the image more vivid, the characteristics more obvious, the truth more profound and the contradictions more acute. Contrast and contrast have no priority.

Set off: highlight what you want to express and strengthen your thoughts and feelings. There are primary and secondary points.

Rendering: Set up a stage for writing and create an atmosphere.

Metaphor: vivid and easy to understand.

See the big from the small: show people and things.

Irony: It has two functions: expressing intimate feelings between people and exposing criticism. Bitterness, satire, humor and ridicule make the article full of fighting spirit.

The combination of expressing ambition, symbol and reality: make the expression more subtle and intentional, and make the article rich in connotation, philosophy and inspiration.

Combination of dynamic and static, turning static into dynamic: make the expression more vivid, vivid and infectious.

Examples or enumerations: concrete, easy to be accepted by readers, more convincing and appealing.

(5) Express the role of problem-solving procedures in solving problems.

1 to confirm the specific expression used in the specified paragraph.

2. It is necessary to clarify the specific classification and functions of the five expressions (narrative, discussion, description, lyricism and explanation) in order to clarify the direction when answering questions.

3. Analyze it in combination with the article.

Substitution term

A description:

1. Portrait, action description and psychological description: better show the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters.

2. Description of scenery: Describe the natural scenery in detail, point out the background and time, create an atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters and promote the development of the plot.

3. Sketch with simple strokes, concise and accurate; Fine brushwork, fine carving, fine, concrete and vivid.

4. Description of environment and scene: explain the background of the characters' activities, indicate the time and place of the event, render an atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters and promote the development of the plot.

5. Character dialogue description, psychological description and detail description: portray the character, reflect the psychological activities of the character and promote the development of the story. It can also describe the voice of the characters and receive special effects.

6. Positive description and profile description: The front directly shows people and things; Highlight people and things from the side.

7. Describe the senses of the scene: sight, hearing, taste, touch and imagination.

8. Methods of describing scenery: combination of dynamic and static (writing static with motion), generalization and concrete combination from far and near (or from near and far), combination of reality and reality, combination of point and surface, and combination of sound and emotion.

9. Methods of describing characters: language description, action description, expression description, psychological description, appearance description and detail description.

Ⅱ narrative:

1. Interpolation enriches the content and deepens the theme.

2. Flashback sets suspense, attracts interest and fluctuates.

3. Talk about the finishing touch and point out the theme.

ⅲ discussion:

1. Argumentative essays are divided into factual argumentation and rational argumentation.

2. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument (function: concrete reality, easy for readers to accept and enhance explanatory power), reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.

3. Metaphorical argument is vivid and easy to understand.

Ⅳ Lyric: 1. Direct lyric-express your thoughts directly and vividly. 2. Indirect lyricism-the emotion in the scene, the blending of the scene, and the expression of ambition through the lyricism of the scene.

ⅴ Description: 1. Description methods: examples, enumeration, comparison, definition, classification, interpretation, imitation and quotation.

note:

1. Narrative paragraphs are often expressed in the following ways: describe the shortcomings of what objects or what objects look like, and express the author's feelings.

2. The expression of argumentative paragraphs is often: what opinions have been demonstrated or established through criticism.

3. Descriptive paragraphs are often expressed by explaining (introducing) what features (characteristics) of what objects.