1. empirical research method: verifying hypotheses or theories by collecting and analyzing actual data. For example, questionnaires, experimental studies and case studies can be conducted.

2. Literature review: systematically sort out and summarize the existing related research, extract the findings and opinions, and analyze and evaluate them.

3. Qualitative research methods: through in-depth interviews, observation, text analysis and other methods, explore the internal characteristics and behavior of the research object.

4. Quantitative research method: through statistical analysis and mathematical modeling, the characteristics and relationships of the research objects are quantified.

5. Historical research method: through the study of the past, people and culture, we can understand the process of its development and evolution.

6. Comparative research method: through the comparison of different regions, different times and different groups, the similarities and differences between them are revealed.

7. Interdisciplinary research methods: Combine theories and methods of different disciplines to solve complex research problems.

8. Model construction and simulation: simulate and predict the behavior and results of the research object by establishing a mathematical model or computer simulation.

9. On-the-spot investigation method: First-hand information is obtained through observation and interview of the place where the research object is located.

The above are some common research methods, and the specific choice of which method depends on the nature, purpose and feasibility of the research problem.