Numbers correspond to the following author units. If 1, 2 both exist, it means that the authors of the two units corresponding to 1, 2 below have positions.

Represents the author's unit, the number in the upper right corner of the paper represents the author's unit, and the number in the upper right corner matches the research unit in the paper. For example, Li Hua 1, (1 Tsinghua University Institute of Technology) means that the author Li Hua is from Tsinghua University Institute of Technology. This figure has nothing to do with authors rank, but is based on the ranking before and after, with the first author in the front.

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It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-paper format