War Background Ancient Greece Ancient Greece, due to the limitation of terrain, many city-states were separated by mountains, with only a little land transportation in the middle, so each small city-state called itself "the world". There are friends inside the wall and enemies everywhere outside. Therefore, hundreds of city-states have sprung up in the Greek headquarters, Aegean coast and islands. Among them, Athens and Sparta developed rapidly and had strong strength. With the increase of the population of each city-state, the Greeks began to immigrate and colonize the coastal areas. At the same time, because of the limited grain production in this state, seizing the enemy's crops has become a conventional operational goal. So wars often happen in Spartan city-states. Men don't live at home, but prepare for war in barracks. Once a year, boys are brutally whipped to test their ability to endure pain. Girls must receive strict physical training, hoping that they can pass on their strong physical strength to their children so as to guard the castle in the future. Persia Persia is a slave country in ancient West Asia and a great empire developed through conquest. By the reign of Darius (522-486 BC), Persia had become the first great empire in the ancient history of the world that spanned Europe, Asia and Africa. The Persian army is mainly composed of cavalry and archers, with several divisions, 1 000 men. In 546 BC, the Persian Empire destroyed Lydia and took the opportunity to attack the Greek city-states of Asia Minor. Its first goal is the Bosh war map (big version). Judging from the Greek city-states in Ania, Ania's economy is very developed and its politics is relatively advanced and democratic. The king of Persia made unreasonable demands on the Greek city-states in Ania, asking them to change democracy into a monarchy, in order to find an excuse to declare war on them. In 5 13 BC, King Darius I further controlled the Black Sea Strait and Thrace, which directly threatened the security and interests of the Greek peninsula city-states. In 500 BC, the city-states of Ania could not accept it, so they took Miletus as the leader and launched a campaign against Persia. Miletus turned to Sparta for help because he knew he could not resist Persia, but Sparta refused to send troops. Instead, Athens and Evieux sent troops to rescue him. Although the two city-states sent a large number of soldiers and warships to the rescue, after several years of persistence, they were still defeated by the Persian army. In 494 BC, Persia completely conquered Ania, the capital of Miletus was destroyed, and some Greek city-states that had sent troops to revolt with Miletus were brutally looted. During this period, many outstanding figures in Ania fled to other parts of Greece, and they were broadcast to other parts of the Greek world by Ania civilization at that time. The editor invaded Greece for the first time, and the Persian Empire had the ambition to invade the West, so he decided to send troops to Greece on the pretext that Athens and Errett helped Miletus. He first alienated the Greek city-states with diplomatic offensive. Then in the summer of 492 BC, Darius I, king of Persia, sent 25,000 Lu Haijun across the Hellers Strait and along the coast of Thrace to Greece. However, most of his ships were destroyed by hurricanes in Cape atos, and the land was attacked by Thracians, who were forced to retreat. In the spring of 490 BC, Darius I sent Datis and Nice of Attafi to Greece for the second time, with an army of about 50,000 people (including nearly 400 warships). First, it captured and destroyed the city of Eretria, then pushed south and landed on the marathon plain about 40 kilometers northeast of Athens. Marathon Campaign Athens urgently mobilized all Athenian citizens to take part in the marathon, and sent long-distance runner Philippians to Sparta for help at night. He ran 150km in two days and arrived in Sparta on September 9th. Although the Spartans agreed to send troops, they claimed that they could only send troops to help when the moon was full. In this way, the task of anti-Persian invasion fell entirely on Athens. Athens sent Miti Addis 1 10,000 heavy infantry to the Marathon Plain where Persian troops landed, while Athens was defended by the navy. On the morning of September 12, the marathon started. Greek infantry occupied favorable terrain. The size of the Persian army was twice that of the Athenian army, so Miti Addis deployed the whole army into a simple parallel battle sequence with the same length as the Persian army in the marathon (6 pieces), and put the elite on its wings. When most Persian cavalry had not yet reached the battlefield, Athens pretended to attack head-on. At the beginning of the war, the Persian army took the central breakthrough tactics by virtue of its military superiority. The middle road of the Athenian army was pushed forward by the Persian army step by step and had to retreat, which made the middle road of the Persian army stand out. The elites on both sides of the Athenian army immediately surrounded the Persian army in the middle of the road. As a result, the Persian army was besieged and wiped out. The Persian navy attacking Athens from the sea could not defeat the Athenian navy. The Persian army had to retreat. A soldier named Felipedes ran back to Athens to deliver a message after winning the marathon, because he ran 42. 193 kilometers at the highest speed, and fell to the ground and died after winning, which was also the source of the marathon. Marathon has become one of the examples in the history of ancient wars. Only 192 Athens army was killed in the marathon, and Persian army lost 6400. However, this was not a major blow to the huge Persian Empire, so the Persian Empire has been looking for opportunities to attack Greece since the First World War. During the following 10 years, the two sides prepared for the war nervously. Persia collected a large number of soldiers and materials, built a large number of ships, erected pontoons and dug canals. In Greece, the Athens government built more than 100 three-layer paddle warships, expanded various fortifications and strengthened naval training. More than 30 city-states formed a military alliance, elected Sparta with a strong army as an ally, and were ready to resist the Persian invasion at any time. The second invasion editor Persia attacked again. In the spring of 480 BC, Xerxes I, the successor of King Zexas I of Persia, led 250,000 troops and 1000 warships entered Greece again. Athens once again faced the Persian army, and the whole city immediately entered a state of preparation, with Themistocles as commander in chief and Aristide as lieutenant. This time, Persia claims to be a million-strong army, which makes all Greek city-states feel that life and death are on the line. So they formed an alliance against Persia, and even the Spartan city-states took part in the action against Persia. Persian troops marched west along Thrace, occupied northern Greece, forced some city-states to surrender, and then marched into the hot spring pass. In the Battle of Hot Spring Pass, Spartan King Leonidas was responsible for defending the first line of defense in Greece-Hot Spring Pass, which consisted of 300 soldiers from his own country and 7,000 soldiers from other city-states in the Peloponnesian Peninsula. Leonidas and his soldiers fought to the death with millions of Persian troops, which made the Persian army unable to enter the Hot Spring Pass (3 pieces) two days ago, resulting in heavy casualties. But on the third day, a Greek traitor led the Persian army to attack the rear of Leonidas from a path. Unable to resist, Leonidas ordered the Peloponnesian army to retreat first, and defended the hot spring pass with his 300 chosen men. After a fierce battle, the Spartan army was wiped out. The story of the Hot Spring Pass campaign, in which 300 people killed tens of thousands of people twice, became a classic of winning more with less. His heroic deeds were handed down to later generations and admired by later generations. The sacrifice of the Spartan king and his soldiers won valuable time for the commander of the Athenian army, Misto Chris. Although Persian troops quickly occupied two-thirds of Greece's land, when they attacked Athens, they found that there was only an empty city left in Athens, and the residents of the whole city had already evacuated. As a result, the Persian army had to burn the city to vent its anger. At the Battle of Salamis Bay, the Persian navy bypassed Cape Sunion at the southern tip of Attica Peninsula and entered the narrow Salamis Strait. In September 480 BC, more than 300 warships of Athens assembled in Salami Bay, and sent people to pretend to be deserters, and lied to the Persian king that the naval fleet of Salami was fighting and wanted to send troops immediately. As a result, the Persian king successfully lured more than 600 giant warships of the whole army into the bay. The Greek fleet hid behind Mount Egareos, formed a two-line battle formation and bravely launched an attack. However, Salami Bay is very narrow, so the Persian giant warships can't move freely, while the Athenian warships are small and fast, and they hit the side of the Persian ships with the collision angle of the bow, and the Persian fleet is in a mess. Under the command of Timmy stokely, the Greek joint fleet unexpectedly defeated Persia for eight hours, and the Persian army had to retreat. Persian navy suffered heavy losses, and Xerxes I, a newly recruited Greek, was afraid that the rear road would be cut off and fled home in panic. Its troops retreated to northern Greece. In August 479, before the end of the war, the king of Persia sent a general to command 50,000 troops to attack Greece again. This time, Misto Chris once again used the empty plan and went to sea. Sparta, on the other hand, commanded the Peloponnesian Coalition forces to fight a decisive battle with the Persian army near Brady and killed the Persian general. As a result, the Persian army was defeated and had to retreat to the east again. The third Persian expedition ended in failure. The Persian expedition to Greece failed, and there were many contradictions within the empire, so they were forced to retreat. Greece, led by Athens, gradually turned to attack and defend, and took the opportunity to expand its maritime power and establish Athens' hegemony in the Aegean Sea. In the first 478 years, the Greek navy headed by Athens counterattacked Persia and occupied the important town of Cestos on the north bank of the Hellers Strait, thus controlling the main road leading to the Black Sea. In the same year (477 years ago), Athens joined a group of Greek city-states to form a maritime alliance, and seized the coastal areas of Thrace, several islands in the Aegean Sea and Byzantium, a strategic place. In 449 BC, the Greek navy hit the Persian army hard near the city of Salamis on the east coast of Cyprus, and the two sides agreed to make peace. Athens sent plenipotentiary Carias to Susa, the capital of Persia, to negotiate and sign the Carias Peace Treaty. According to the peace treaty, Persia renounced its control over the Aegean Sea, Heller and Bosphorus (the mouth of the Black Sea) and recognized the independent status of the Greek city-state on the west coast of Asia Minor. The Persian war is over. Please adopt