Abstract: Up to now, China's social and economic development model, which has played a great role in social and economic construction in the past, has been unable to provide development impetus for the sustainable development of China's social economy. Circular economy conforms to China's national conditions and embodies Scientific Outlook on Development advocated by our party. It provides more scientific measures and methods for Pinggang to solve the problems existing in the current economic development, and also provides considerable economic and social benefits for the sustainable development of Pinggang.
Keywords: circular economy, resource saving
Since the reform and opening up, the average annual growth rate of China's economy has been close to 10%, and people's lives have been greatly improved. The sustained and high-speed economic growth has also brought some problems that restrict the sustainable development of economy and society. At present, the most prominent problems are environmental pollution and insufficient supply of resources. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee adopted the Proposal of the Central Committee on Formulating the Eleventh Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which pointed out: "Developing circular economy is an important way to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and realize sustainable development." This scientific conclusion is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting China's economic restructuring and transformation of growth mode, practicing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Tu Jianmin, the chairman of Pinggang Company, listed the development of circular economy as one of the main measures for Pinggang Company to achieve its work goal in 2009 in the report of "Promoting Corporate Culture, Tapping Potential and Reorganizing, and Realizing New Breakthroughs in Enterprise Development" held on April 5, 2009, and Pinggang Company listed environmental protection as one of the "three elements" (safety, environmental protection and competitiveness) for Pinggang Company's development.
First, the nature and principles of circular economy theory
The term circular economy was coined by the American economist K? Paulding was put forward in 1960s, which refers to transforming the traditional linear growth economy that relies on resource consumption into an economy that relies on ecological resource recycling in the whole process of resource input, enterprise production, product consumption and abandonment. It is characterized by material energy ladder and closed cycle, and integrates clean production, comprehensive utilization of resources, ecological design and sustainable consumption. Understanding the economic activities of human society by using ecological laws is essentially ecological economy, so as to obtain the maximum economic and environmental benefits at the lowest cost, so as to realize the comprehensive and coordinated development of economic growth and social progress.
Circular economy is an economic growth mode with efficient utilization and recycling of resources as the core, the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling" and the basic characteristics of low consumption, low emission and high efficiency, which conforms to the concept of sustainable development and is a fundamental change to the traditional growth mode of "mass production, mass consumption and mass abandonment".
The difference between circular economy and traditional economy is that traditional economy is a linear economy with one-way flow of "resources-products-pollution emission", which is characterized by high exploitation, low utilization and high emission. Circular economy is a harmonious economic development model with the environment. It requires economic activities to form a feedback process of "resources-products-renewable resources", which is characterized by low exploitation, high utilization and low emission. Circular economy embodies a new concept of development, provides a strategic theoretical paradigm for the transformation from traditional economy to sustainable economy, and fundamentally eliminates the sharp contradiction between environment and development for a long time. Developing circular economy is a powerful measure for Pinggang to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly enterprise and realize sustainable development.
Second, the necessity of developing circular economy for social and economic construction in China.
(A) the development of circular economy is the need to achieve sustainable development.
China is a country with high population density and low per capita resources. China's per capita land and water resources are only 1/3 and 1/4 of the world's per capita, and the per capita mineral resources are less than the world average 1/2. At the same time, the environmental pollution is very serious. If the traditional extensive production mode with high consumption, low output and high pollution is still adopted to maintain the rapid economic growth, it will further worsen the environmental situation and accelerate the depletion of limited resources, thus restricting the social and economic development. Therefore, we must change the traditional development mode and develop circular economy to ensure the continuous support of water, soil and mineral resources for economic development.
(B) the development of circular economy is the need to effectively use resources and build a resource-saving society.
China is a country lacking in resources. The per capita water resource is 2250 cubic meters/person-year, which is less than the world average 1/4. There is a serious shortage of water resources, and the economic loss caused by water shortage is about 200 billion yuan every year. China's energy resources are very limited. Although the proven coal reserves account for 1 1% of the world's reserves, crude oil accounts for 2.4% and natural gas accounts for 1.2%, but the per capita energy resources are less than half of the world average. The shortage of raw materials and energy will become the bottleneck of China's overall economic expansion. To change this situation, we must develop circular economy.
(3) Developing circular economy is the need to protect the environment and build an environment-friendly society.
With the rapid economic growth in China, environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. According to the average annual runoff of ten major river systems, the COD capacity of surface water in China must be controlled at 8 million tons when it reaches the national Class III water quality standard, but in 2005, the national COD emission was141400,000 tons, which exceeded the capacity by 76.8%. If China's air quality is to meet the second-class standard, the maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide is 6.5438+0.2 million tons, but in 2005, the national emission of sulfur dioxide was 25.49 million tons, which exceeded the environmental capacity by 654.38+0.65.438+0.2%. Domestic sewage: 1/3 urban centralized treatment rate is zero; Domestic garbage: 1/4 The urban harmless treatment rate is zero; In the past 20 years, dozens of rivers, large and small, have dried up in northern China, and the ecology of large areas has been destroyed. As the aquifer is drained, huge underground caves have been opened in many cities in northern China. The desert covers 0/8% of China/Kloc, and now it is expanding at the rate of several hundred thousand square kilometers every year. In addition, more than 30% of China has acid rain problems. Although the total emission of sulfur dioxide decreased slightly, the emission rate of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides continued to rise. To fundamentally improve the environmental quality of our country and reverse the trend of ecological deterioration, we must develop circular economy.
(D) Developing circular economy is the need for the survival and development of Pinggang Company.
Due to the rapid growth of domestic steel production capacity for many years, steel production has expanded rapidly; On the contrary, China's economy has changed from high-speed growth to steady growth, which has driven the demand of the whole society from high-speed growth to steady growth, the growth rate of fixed assets investment has slowed down, and the demand for steel has dropped significantly; Under the influence of multiple factors, such as the intensification of international trade friction, the introduction of new policies in the steel industry and the appreciation of RMB, the export of domestic resources is blocked, which further intensifies the sales pressure in the domestic steel market; At the same time, the factors restricting the profitability of the steel industry are increasing day by day. The prices of raw fuels such as iron ore and coke are rising day by day, and the costs of environmental protection, land and technology development are rising, which makes the cost of steel industry rise day by day. Because of the inherent disadvantage of "raw materials and sales are outside", developing circular economy is the need of Pinggang's survival and development.
Third, the main measures of developing circular economy in Pinggang Company
The Iron and Steel Industry Development Policy clearly points out that it is necessary to improve the level of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources in accordance with the theory of sustainable development and circular economy, and establish a circular steel plant. Therefore, developing circular economy is the need for enterprises to adapt to the macro economy, and it is also an important way for Pinggang Company to further reduce costs.
(A) adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development and vigorously develop circular economy.
In the Planning of Creating Resource-saving Enterprises (2006-20 10) formulated by Pinggang Company, the principles of starting from the source, reducing, reusing and recycling are fully implemented, and resource conservation is done from four aspects: management, structure, technology and system, so as to improve the level of energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources and strive to create a resource-saving steel enterprise.
First of all, further reduce the energy consumption of each process and fully tap the potential of energy utilization. In 2006, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel was reduced to 655 kg of standard coal, and by 20 10, the coke ratio into the furnace was less than 380 kg/ton, the utilization rate of blast furnace gas and coke oven gas reached 100%, the utilization rate of converter gas reached 80%, the recycling rate of water reached more than 95%, and the energy consumption of each main process was reduced by 10 respectively.
Second, optimize the utilization structure of raw fuel, products, by-products and resources to realize enterprise system optimization. Do a good job in resource utilization of solid wastes such as blast furnace slag, gas ash, converter and steel rolling sludge, and realize resource utilization100%; By strengthening management and carrying out necessary technical transformation, the old plant has realized 95% recycling rate of industrial water, and 6.5 tons of new water is consumed per ton of steel.
Thirdly, in 2006, Pinggang Company focused on the development, application and popularization of advanced technologies such as comprehensive utilization and recycling of resources, and invested 654.38+0.4 billion yuan to build two sets of TRT blast furnace gas differential pressure power generation devices, circulating blast furnace gas power generation, waste heat steam power generation and other projects, making maximum use of resources and focusing on "waste water", "waste gas" and "waste residue" generated in the production process.
(2) Vigorously promote cleaner production.
Ping Iron and Steel Company attaches great importance to environmental protection, strictly abides by national environmental laws and regulations, and actively promotes environmental management system. The company has successively passed ISO9002 quality system certification, ISO 1400 1 environmental management system certification, OHSAS 1800 1 occupational health and safety management system certification. On this basis, in order to conscientiously implement the Law on the Promotion of Cleaner Production, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises and achieve the purpose of "saving energy, reducing consumption, reducing pollution and increasing efficiency", cleaner production is vigorously promoted. In June 2006, it passed the cleaner production audit organized by Jiangxi Economic and Trade Commission and Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau.
Through the cleaner production audit, all units of Pinggang Company incorporated some management measures into the cleaner production audit scheme, which greatly reduced the phenomenon of equipment running, leaking, dripping and leaking. After the implementation of cleaner production audit, Pinggang Company has also achieved obvious environmental benefits. The total amount of phenol, petroleum, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and major pollutants in the waste gas decreased, and all solid wastes were comprehensively utilized. The returned mineral powder, gas ash, sludge, water slag, iron oxide scale and steel slag produced in the production process have been comprehensively utilized. At the same time, two changes have been realized, that is, pollutant control has changed from concentration control to the combination of concentration control and total amount control, and industrial pollution has changed from terminal treatment to terminal treatment and whole production process control, which has improved the overall basic management level of enterprises.
In his speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, Comrade Hu Jintao emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the people-oriented principle, change the development concept, innovate the development model, improve the quality of development, implement the "five overall plans", and effectively bring economic and social development into the track of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. At present, vigorously developing circular economy, improving the level of energy saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, and adhering to sustainable development have been included in the development plan of Pinggang Company, and efforts are being made to achieve a "win-win" between environmental protection and economic development.