1: Plastering Engineering Training Report Training Course: Masonry Plaster workers Training
I really benefited a lot from the week-long stonework training in Plaster workers. This training has completed a leap from theory to practice, which has a positive role in promoting future practical work. Training programs include brick walls (with horse teeth), strip foundations and brick columns. The general steps of training are as follows: 1, technical preparation, tool preparation, material preparation, and setting out according to the drawing.
4. Bricklaying 5. Hanging wall 6. Cleaning up the site. In the training project, through the cooperation between groups and the calculation of material consumption in advance, the whole training process went smoothly and achieved good results. Through practical training, we have learned things that we can't learn from books, improved our professional quality and skills, laid a valuable foundation and rich experience for future practical work, and more importantly, exercised our ability to deal with practical problems in the construction site. In a word, this training is of great and far-reaching significance to us. Article 3: Masonry Training Report
Practice report of brick masonry engineering
In order to cultivate students' practical ability, integrate theory with practice, make students understand the basic connotation, basic function, purpose and basic operation process of masonry work in building engineering, and enhance their perceptual knowledge, students are organized to carry out the practical operation of brick masonry at the end of the semester to complete an L-shaped wall: a brick wall with an equal length of 900mm, a height of 900mm and a thickness of 240mm, with 200mm structural columns left in the wall. 240mm. There are 8 people in our group, and the division of labor has been completed before the construction. I am in charge of plastering. I read the data of masonry before the experiment. Generally, masonry works are carried out according to the following steps.
The task and nature of this training is to understand the basic connotation, basic function and purpose of masonry work in building engineering, consolidate classroom theoretical knowledge and enhance perceptual knowledge through basic operation process. Through practical training, improve the comprehensive ability of analyzing and solving problems, and cultivate the idea of loving labor. Lay a good foundation for future work.
First, the first thing to do is construction preparation.
1. cement: the variety and strength grade should be selected according to the location and environmental conditions of masonry. Cement must have product certificate, ex-factory inspection report and approach reinspection report.
2. Brick: The variety, specification and strength grade must meet the design requirements, and there must be a product certificate and a product performance test report. The load-bearing structure must be sampled and rechecked, and the brick surface must be straight and tidy. Bricks on the surface of drywall and column shall be neat in edges and corners, free from bending cracks, consistent in color and specifications. When knocking, the sound is loud, and the bricks that change color and deform after baking can be used on the foundation and the inner wall that does not affect the appearance.
3. Sand: medium sand is used, and it is sieved with a sieve with 5mm aperture before use.
4, play axis, wall line and check line.
5, according to the requirements of the design elevation set good skin stem.
6, should be equipped with a shovel, planer, drag board, wire pendant, small white line, tape measure, level, measuring rod, small bucket, ash trough, broom, etc.
However, we didn't use cement mortar for this masonry mortar, but used ordinary yellow mud, because the red brick can still be recycled after the masonry is completed. The measuring rod was not erected because there was no such tool. However, in the future practical work, it is still necessary to do it according to the requirements of technical specifications.
Second, we should know the technological process.
Grassroots cleaning, pay-off? The bottom layer is leveled and bricked? Upright pole? Corner, hang up? Brick wall? Inspection before acceptance
Third, the operation process
1, base cleaning: before laying, the surface of base should be cleaned of lime sand, dirt and sundries. Because our site is uneven and the tool materials are limited, we just put on a layer of yellow mud mortar for leveling. As for setting out, we don't use tools like theodolite and Mo Dou to specify the axis, but use tape measure and small white line, which can only be as accurate as possible.
2. Brick pouring: Bricks used for masonry must be watered and wetted the day before masonry, and the bricks are generally soaked in water 10mm? 20mm is appropriate, and the moisture content 10%? 15%, dry brick masonry wall shall not be used at room temperature. Because it rained two days before our masonry, the red brick used for masonry was wet, so this process is not needed. However, on the third day after masonry, the sun was shining, the red brick dried up, and the adhesion with yellow mud mortar decreased, so we had to water the red brick temporarily.
3. Brick arrangement and foundation laying (dry bricklaying): According to the selected construction scheme, dry bricks are laid on the masonry site. I think it is easy to make brick walls without putting bricks in advance and choosing masonry methods.
4. Vertical skin counting pole: Because there is no skin counting pole, we just use the general single-side hanging line method to keep the masonry flat, and measure the horizontal flatness with a horizontal pipe for every two or three skins.
5. Mortar mixing: We use yellow mud, lime putty, sand and other materials to make masonry mortar. As for the mixing ratio of various materials, there is no condition for weighing. The dosage of various materials can only be determined according to the masonry effect (workability, cohesion, etc.). ).
6. Brick wall
(1) group build by laying bricks or stones method adopts one shun one ding group build by laying bricks or stones method. Although the master introduced the one-ding-three-shun group masonry method, we still adopted the familiar group masonry method. After the group masonry method is determined, the top-down masonry method remains unchanged.
(2) When the cushion is half a brick long, add a block brick on the wall; When the length of parallel brick is 1/4 brick, add 1 d brick or 7 pieces in the wall, and do it step by step, without shifting.
7, constructional column
(1) constructional column size 200mm? 240 mm, column height and wall height are 900 mm. ..
(2) Structural column reinforcement: the longitudinal reinforcement is 4? 12, stirrup used? 6@200(***3 lanes). See the bill of quantities of the Group for the specific blanking length. The hook or bending of steel bars shall meet the following requirements: 1 The end of grade steel bars shall be 180? The arc bending diameter of the hook should not be less than 2.5 times of the steel bar diameter, and the length of the straight part should not be less than 3 times of the steel bar diameter; When used in lightweight aggregate concrete structure, its bending diameter should not be less than 3.5 times the diameter of steel bar; Ⅱ, Ⅲ steel end need 90? Or 135? When bending, the bending diameter of Grade II steel bar should not be less than 4 times the diameter of steel bar; Grade Ⅲ rebar shall not be less than 5 times the diameter of rebar, and the length of straight part shall be determined according to the design requirements.
(3) The constructional column concrete is labeled c20, and the specific mixture ratio can be found in the bill of quantities of the Group. Concrete is mixed and vibrated manually. Because the constructional column is only 900mm high, it can be poured at one time. After concrete pouring, in order to reduce water evaporation, sunlight should be avoided to prevent wind and rain. You can cover the surface with a wet straw curtain or sack and spray water for 2-3 times. The shortest curing time is 12h.
8. Structural column formwork project: the formwork is made of wood plywood, pre-cut and fixed with steel wire. After pouring, the steel wire remains in the concrete. Fourth, the quality requirements
Although there are many requirements in the specification, some requirements are not completed due to the limitations of conditions, such as the lack of tie bars at the horse teeth. We are also novices, so the craft is not very good. Uneven thickness and poor flatness of mortar joints lead to a lot of beauty projects after completion, cleaning up the smeared mud and jointing.
A week later, I learned that the wall should be horizontal and vertical, the mortar joint should be uniform in thickness, and the built wall should have artistic beauty. A week later, looking at the wall built by myself, although it is not as neat and beautiful as that built by the master outside, I am dirty and tired, and I feel very fulfilled! This training has brought me not only a kind of work experience, but also a fortune in my life. As the saying goes, an armchair strategist is shallow, and you can't learn deep unless you apply theory to practice. What's more, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. Nowadays, college education is mainly based on theory, and it is great benefit for me to have the opportunity to practice it in person. I am about to graduate and go to the society. I believe this internship will help me to take part in the work in the future.
Through this internship, I feel that I have gained something from the actual operation. Internship is mainly to promote the improvement of our future work and business ability, enhance our future competitiveness and add a cornerstone for our future foothold. The practice instructor also gave me a lot of my own experience, which made me understand many problems that were difficult to solve before, including the problems I will face in the future construction work. This internship has enriched my knowledge in this field, made me step forward to a deeper level and promoted my foothold in the future society. But I also realized that to do a good job in this area, it is necessary to check the allowable deviation (mm) of the project. Axial displacement 10, check whether it is less than or equal to 3.5 with a steel ruler, and use a 2m pallet or messenger wire, and the verticality of the steel ruler should be greater than 3. 10. 8. Check the surface smoothness with 2m guide rule and wedge feeler gauge. 5 check the deviation of the upper and lower windows of the external wall with a steel ruler. 20 use theodolite or messenger wire to check the fullness. The inspection method requires 80% or more. Check the bonding trace area of mortar at the bottom of the block with a grid. Mortar filling, appearance inspection can't have transparent seam, blind seam and false seam. It is not enough to practice only on this day. You need to accumulate bit by bit in your usual study and work, and constantly enrich your experience. The road ahead of me is still very long, and I need constant efforts and struggles to really walk well. I firmly believe that the practical experience gained through this day's internship will benefit me for life, and will be constantly verified in the actual work after graduation. I will continue to understand and appreciate what I have learned in my internship, and I will continue to apply my theoretical knowledge and practical experience to my future practical work to fully demonstrate my personal value and life value. Strive to realize my ideal and bright future.
Article 2: Plastering Engineering Training Report 1. The purpose of plastering engineering practice
Through the field practice of plastering engineering, students can have a comprehensive understanding and grasp of the whole construction process of plastering engineering, master the construction methods and key points of plastering engineering, and enable students to organize plastering engineering construction skillfully after taking up their posts.
Through practical training, students can master the following professional skills:
(1) master the plastering standards of each layer in each part of the interior wall;
(2) Master the operation points of wall plastering;
(3) Master the operation points of common decorative plastering in 2 ~ 3;
(4) Master the operation points and practices of common decorative plastering.
2. Basic requirements
1) Read the internship guidance carefully and define the internship tasks according to the contents of the internship guidance.
2) During the internship, the rules and regulations of the construction site and safety operation procedures must be strictly observed. When entering the construction site, you must wear a safety helmet and pay attention to safety at any time to prevent safety accidents.
3) Students should be proactive, observe discipline, obey the work arrangement of the practice instructor, learn from engineering technicians and workers' masters with an open mind, be down-to-earth, go deep into engineering practice, take part in specific work, and cultivate practical work ability.
4) Strictly abide by national laws and regulations, and abide by the rules, regulations and disciplines of schools and internship units.
5) Write a training diary every day to record the construction situation, experience and innovative suggestions.
6) Before the end of the training, write a training report and summarize the business gains.
3. The content of plastering engineering practice.
1) According to the construction method, construction technology and key points of each plastering project, the plastering project shall be organized reasonably.
2) Handle the requirements of plastering engineering for materials.
3) Do a good job in technical disclosure of plastering engineering.
4) Arrange the construction sequence of plastering project.
5) Strictly control the quality of plastering project, and do a good job in inspection, acceptance and quality evaluation.
4. Training arrangements
The school arranges training instructors according to the actual situation, and the training base arranges training masters. The training time is 1 week. Internship units should choose construction enterprises with certain construction level and technical ability, interns should choose medium-sized industrial and civil construction projects, and each person or group should take one project as the main internship object. (No more than 5 people in each group)
5. Training related knowledge
The so-called plastering project is a decoration project in which all kinds of mortar, decorative stone chip slurry and stone slurry are coated on the surface of buildings. According to the materials used and the decorative effect, it can be divided into general plastering and decorative plastering. General plastering: cement mortar, mixed mortar, lime mortar, paper reinforcement ash, hemp knife ash, gypsum ash and polymer cement mortar.
Decorative plastering: terrazzo, water brush stone, dry mud stone, stone cutting, spraying, bullet coating and paint coating.
(1) ordinary plastering
1) composition and level.
In order to ensure that plastering is firmly bonded, smooth and smooth, and reduce shrinkage cracks, general plastering needs to be carried out in layers. (1) bottom. Bonding with the base, with a thickness of 5 ~ 7mm；; In addition, it also plays the role of preliminary leveling, requiring the base to be horizontal and vertical, and the surface should not be uneven. Otherwise, the thickness of the bottom layer will exceed 10mm, which will not only cause waste, but also cause weak bonding.
② Intermediate layer. It mainly plays the role of leveling and load transfer, with a thickness of 5 ~12 mm. During construction, a large area should be flat and vertical, and the surface should be rough to increase the bonding ability with the surface.
③ surface layer. Mainly for decoration and protection. Indoor painting can also reflect light and increase indoor brightness. 2 ~ 5 mm thick.
General plastering can be divided into three grades according to different quality requirements: ordinary, intermediate and advanced.
① Ordinary plastering. It is composed of one bottom and one side, without intermediate layer or layering, and is suitable for simple houses, basements, storage rooms, etc.
(2) the middle plaster. It consists of bottom layer, middle layer and surface layer. ③ Advanced plastering. It consists of a bottom layer, several middle layers and a surface layer.
2) Plastering materials.
① cement. Portland cement or white cement is commonly used, and its label can be No.325 or No.425, but the volume stability of cement must be qualified, otherwise the plastering layer will shell and ash.
② Lime. Block lime must be cured into lime paste before it can be used. At room temperature, the curing time should not be less than 15d. Lime plaster used for facing should be cured at room temperature for at least 30 days.
③ sand. The sand used in plastering engineering is generally medium sand or medium-coarse mixed sand, but the particles must be hard and clean, and the impurities such as soil shall not exceed 3%.
3) General plastering construction points.
(1) wall plastering. After the bottom mortar is 70% to 80% dry, it can be plastered.
Wipe the bottom ash with mortar board (large board) and push the mortar to the wall. Generally, it should be done from top to bottom. After plastering the wall mortar between the two standard bars, both ends of the long ruler will lean against the standard bars and scrape the ash from bottom to top, so that the bottom ash will be flush with the standard bars. Then wipe it back and forth with wooden plaster to remove the high and replenish the low, and finally flatten it with iron plaster.
The plastering of middle mortar must be carried out after the cement mortar (or cement mixed mortar) is solidified or the bottom ash of lime mortar is 70% to 80% dry.
When plastering the middle mortar, water should be sprinkled on the bottom ash first. After collecting water, you can wipe the middle mortar. Generally, the whole wall should be plastered from top to bottom and from left to right. After plastering, it should be leveled with iron to make the surface gray and even in thickness. Attention should be paid to the running direction of iron plastering: the last plastering should be vertical, and the spare plastering should be perpendicular to each other. The joint between the upper part of the wall and the lower part of the wall should be smoothed by flattening, leaving no indentation.
The plastering method for the internal angle and external angle at the intersection of two walls generally follows the following steps:
A. Check the right angle of the internal angle with the internal angle square; Check the right angle of the inner angle with the ruler of the outer angle; Check the verticality of internal angle or external angle with a wire hammer.
B. Wipe the bottom layer at the internal corner, press the plastering layer with a wooden internal corner device and rub it up and down, so that the plastering at the internal corner basically reaches a right angle.
C, wipe the bottom ash at the Yang angle, press the plastering layer with a wooden Yang angle device, and rub it up and down to make the plastering at the Yang angle basically reach a right angle. Then press the corner up and down to make the corner line vertical.
D. After the bottom ash at the corner of Yin and Yang condenses, sprinkle water to moisten it, coat the top ash at the corner of Yin and Yang, and then wipe it up and down with the corner of Yang and Yang respectively to make the middle ash smooth.
Angle of Yin and Yang should be aligned with wall plastering at the same time, that is, when the wall is plastered with bottom ash, the angle of Yin and Yang should be plastered to find a square.
(2) ceiling plastering. The ceiling plastering under the reinforced concrete floor can only be carried out after the upper floor is completed. Slab and metal mesh ceiling plastering can only be carried out after the lath and metal mesh are nailed and inspected.
Ceiling plastering does not need to be marked or reinforced. As long as the surface height line of ceiling plastering layer pops up on the wall around the ceiling, the elevation must be measured from the ground, not from the bottom of the ceiling.
Ceiling plastering should start from the room, go to the door and finally exit from the door.
When plastering the ceiling, scaffolding should be set up in the whole room. The distance between the scaffold board and the ceiling shall be subject to convenient operation. Before plastering the bottom ash, the floating ash and mortar residue at the bottom of the reinforced concrete floor slab should be cleaned, and the residue of oil pollution and isolation agent should be removed, and the bottom of the floor slab should be wetted with water.
The bottom ash should be plastered on the bottom of reinforced concrete floor slab, and the direction of plastering should be perpendicular to the template texture or precast slab flat-fell seam; Wipe the bottom ash from the slats and metal mesh ceiling. The direction of iron plastering should be perpendicular to the length direction of lath, and the bottom ash should be pressed hard at the joint of lath, so that the bottom ash can be pressed into the joint or mesh of lath to form a turning foot and make the combination firm. The bottom ash should be smoothed.
When plastering medium ash, the direction of iron plastering should be perpendicular to the direction of bottom ash plastering. Senior ceiling plastering, should add nail length of 350 ~ 450 mm hemp beam, spacing of 400mm, and staggered arrangement, points by radial comb into the middle ash, so the middle ash should be smooth, bright and clean.
When plastering the surface, the direction of iron plastering should be parallel to the light entering direction of the room. The surface ash should be smooth and smooth, without polishing. Ceiling plastering should be carried out after the previous layer of ash condenses, not immediately. When the ceiling area is small, the whole ceiling should be plastered first, then leveled and calendered; When the ceiling area is large, it can be plastered, leveled and calendered in sections, but the joints must be straightened out; After wiping the bottom ash, you can wipe the middle ash, and after wiping the middle ash, you can wipe the top ash.
(2) Decorative plastering
The bottom layer of decorative plastering is 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of 12mm. Its surface plastering method is different.
1) water brush stone.
The water brush stone decoration plastering project survived three times, namely 1: 3 cement mortar, with a thickness of12mm; The middle layer is plain cement slurry; The surface layer is 1: 1 cement paste with a thickness of 8 ~12 mm. When the surface layer begins to solidify, brush off the surface cement paste with a brown brush dipped in water, and wash it at low pressure to expose stones. It is required that the stone rice particles used are uniform, dense and flat in size, and are primary color stone particles. If dyed stone is used, it will gradually become shallow with the sun and rain. The surface quality of terrazzo should be clear, evenly distributed, dense and flat, with the same color, and there should be no traces of dropping and picking up grains.
2) terrazzo.
The terrazzo project also survived three times, namely, 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of12mm; The middle layer is plain cement slurry, and the surface layer is 1: 1 cement slag slurry with a thickness of 8 mm
Terrazzo is carried out in three times.
For the first time, use 60 ~ 80 diamond millstones, water them while grinding, roughly grind them until stones are exposed, smooth them, grind them evenly, and grind out all grids, then rinse them with water, then mix them with cement slurry of the same color, and maintain them for 2 days. For the second time, use 100 ~ 150 diamond to smooth the surface, rinse it with water, slightly dry it, set it, fill sand holes and maintain it for 2 days.
For the third time, use 180 ~ 240 diamond, finely grind it until the surface is bright, rinse it with water, and then brush it with oxalic acid. Finally, finely grind the white slurry with 280 oilstone, then rinse it with water, dry it and coat it with a thin layer of floor wax. After the floor wax is dry, put a piece of abrasive cloth on the stone mill and polish it until it shines.
In a word, the quality requirements of terrazzo decoration engineering are: the surface is flat and smooth; The stone is bare and uniform, and the color is consistent; Accurate division of sections; No sand holes and wear lines; There is no leakage.
3) Dry clay rock or dry sand.
Survive three times. The bottom layer is 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of12mm; The middle layer is 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 cement mortar, and the surface layer with a thickness of 6mm is plain cement mortar, which plays a bonding role and is 1mm thick.
The specific operation is that after the bottom layer is cured for 2 days, the middle layer is watered and wetted, and then the surface layer is plastered. At the same time, throw the stone rice or sand in the primary color to the surface and pat it flat.
Its appearance effect is similar to that of water brush stone, but it is simple and easy to learn, with high efficiency and low cost. Collision is easy to drop, so the height from the outdoor terrace is below 1m, so dry clay is not suitable. Dry build by laying bricks or stones stone surface quality should be consistent color, no slurry and slurry leakage phenomenon. Stone particles should be firmly bonded and evenly distributed, and there should be no obvious black edge at the external corner.
4) cutting fake gems
Cutting fake stones, also known as chopping axe stones, can survive three times. The bottom layer is 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of12mm; The middle layer is plain cement slurry; The surface course is 1: 2.5 cement slag with a thickness of11mm.
Its construction operation is: after the bottom layer is solidified 1d, the middle layer is brushed, and then the surface layer is plastered. After curing for 3 ~ 5d days, the surface can be scraped flat with a chopping axe.
The quality requirements are: the chopping direction should be consistent, the chopping lines should be uniform and straight, the depth should be consistent, and there should be no missing chopping places. The cutting angle should be cross-cut, leaving split stone edges with the same width. The edges and corners are intact, and the texture is elegant, solemn and generous, resembling natural stone.
Cutting fake stones has high cost and low efficiency, and is generally used in small-area decoration projects.
(3) Allowable deviation of plastering engineering quality
The allowable deviation of general plastering and decorative plastering quality shall meet the requirements in the following table.
2) ceiling plastering. The surface smoothness in Item 2 of this table can be checked, but it should be smooth.
6. Performance assignment
After the trainees complete the tasks of the training base according to the requirements of the task book, they will complete them in the form of training reports and submit them to the pilot instructors in paper form within the specified time. The formative assessment results are comprehensively evaluated by the pilot tutor and fed back to the students in time.
The training report card is in the form of a table, which is divided into six areas, namely:
1) student information area: it is required to fill in the relevant information of students' personal study and positions. 2) Project overview area: you need to fill in the project overview of the training base where the students are located. 3) Answer area: short answer questions and answer the questions raised in the task book. 4) Picture information area: Students are required to take photos of their practice in the training base and then print them out.
After pasting in this area, the pictures should include the students' own corresponding partial projects and internships.
5) Setting up a summary area: Students are required to write the experience and summary of some projects in this area.
Experience, the number of words is about 300 words, and it cannot be empty, otherwise the training transcript will be invalid. 6) Evaluation area.
This area consists of two parts: the unit evaluation area where the training base is located and the instructor evaluation area. The unit evaluation area shall be signed by the project leader and stamped with the official seal of the unit.
Implementation principle: the score of each training is 40% according to the ideological questions and summary, 30% according to the evaluation of the training unit, and 30% according to the actual defense. The final grade is divided into five grades: excellent, good, medium, passing and failing.
Each student's evaluation record should establish a special learning file for teaching summary.
Part III: Plastering Engineering Training Report 1. Scrape the wall
1, water on the wall: It turns out that the wall is covered with water, which saves labor when shoveling.
2. Shovel the wall skin: remove the flooded part of the original wall surface until the cement mortar wall surface is exposed.
3, grinding: try to use fine sandpaper, clean the wall, concave and convex difference is not more than 3 mm. ..
Second, plastering
Steps: elastic thread processing at the grass-roots level, finding rules, plastering skirts and kicking.
1, basic treatment is the first working procedure of plastering engineering, and it is also the key to affect the quality of plastering engineering. The purpose is to strengthen the bonding between the matrix and the underlying mortar, and to prevent quality hazards such as hollowing, cracking and falling off. Therefore, it is required that the protruding part of the base surface should be leveled, the smooth part should be chiseled, and the residue, dirt and isolation agent should be cleaned up.
2. According to the elevation line, a horizontal line near the roof pops up on the surrounding wall as the horizontal control line of roof plastering.
3, wet the roof at the grass-roots level first, and then brush a interfacial agent, with the brush with bottom ash. According to the horizontal line on the wall, level the periphery of the roof. When plastering, you need to squeeze hard to make the bottom ash closely combined with the roof surface. Finally, scrape it flat with a soft scraper and rub it flat and hairy with a wood trowel. When the local area is thick, it should be plastered and leveled by layers.
4, dado, kicking, metope grassroots clean, water wetting, brush interface agent? Immediately wipe the bottom cement mortar, rub the surface with a wooden trowel, and when the bottom ash is 70% to 80% dry, start to coat the surface mortar. The surface layer is made of cement mortar, and after plastering, it is calendered with iron trowel. The skirting surface or dado surface generally protrudes from the plastered wall surface by 5~7mm, requiring the wall surface to be uniform in thickness and smooth in surface.
Third, paint.
1, remove dust and dirt on the surface.
2. Repair burrs, cracks and other defects on the wall? Sanded with sand skin? Make the corner tidy.
3. Apply paint for the first time. Clean up the dust on the surface after polishing, and evenly brush the prepared paint on the wall with a paint brush.