What is the overwhelming selection of excellent compositions in the market for? What does it mean to recite 300 Tang poems without writing them? Obviously, it makes sense to say that "all the articles in the world have been copied a lot".
However, the key point of "copying many articles in the world to see if it can be copied" is never to tell you to "copy" an article, but to remind you to "copy". So, how can we reproduce it reasonably and wonderfully? Copying is definitely a technical job.
There is a true saying in the "Card Notes Writing Method": "It is a complete misunderstanding to start writing from a blank sheet of paper or a blank screen." I think anyone with writing experience can agree with this point, whether it is academic papers, official documents of the unit, personal summaries or media views, there are some traces of reference.
The subtitle of the book "Card Notes Writing Method" is: How to realize reading to writing. It was compiled by the German writer Schenk arens according to the "card box" working principle of the German high-yield sociologist Niklas Luhmann, and he himself is also a practitioner of card notes.
The original text of "card box" is Slip-box, which is a method of taking notes. The inventor of this method is German Niklas Luhmann. With this method of taking notes, Luhmann broke into the academic world from an ordinary civil servant who was born in a brewer's family. In just one year, Luhmann has changed from an academic to an expert. In the next 30 years, Luhmann easily wrote 58 books and hundreds of papers, and became a German hall-level sociologist.
Luhmann once said that his productivity comes from his cooperation with the "cassette note system", and cassette notes are the knowledge base of his life. So, what is this magical "card box note system"? How does it work? What can we do with it?
"The best way to turn other people's discoveries and ideas into your own is to take notes." Based on this view in the book, the necessity of taking notes is self-evident. We discuss how to take notes on the basis of realizing that "taking notes is useful". Of course, the notes here are not copied or extracted in the traditional sense.
"The card-box note-taking system is a personalized thinking and writing tool." About the card-box note-taking system, the book says so.
In layman's terms, a card-box note is a combination of some cards and several boxes. Its workflow is to write a note on the "cards" one at a time, and then put these cards into the "box" by classification. However, this process is easier said than done, and every link is full of wisdom.
First of all, talk about "what to remember" and "how to remember" in card notes. This book introduces the matters needing attention of the card box, mainly including the following contents:
First, flash notes, also known as fleeting notes: in daily life and study, as long as you want to record things, you can write them on cards. For example, an epiphany idea, a touch after something you accidentally saw or heard, an idea that an event reminds you of, and so on. , you can record at any time.
This kind of notes is only used to remind us what information to collect. They are kept for a short time, usually they have to be sorted out in a day or two, and then they can be thrown away.
The second is permanent notes: this is the core card and the starting point for future creation. This kind of notes write an important point on a card and store it in order. Related notes should be related to each other and an index should be created.
This kind of notes should try to write sentences completely, and ensure that they can be combined into words only by adding some conjunctions without making any changes in later creation. This kind of note contains necessary and important information and is an important part of our card box. They are preserved forever.
The characteristics of permanent notes are: unified naming rules are needed to facilitate sequential storage; There should be unified link rules to facilitate the formation of a network knowledge system.
3. Project Notes: These notes are related to specific projects and kept in separate folders. After the project is completed, it can be discarded or archived.
If you know exactly where this note belongs when taking notes, the final note will have a "clustering effect".
Secondly, look at how Luhmann's notebook card is stored. This book introduces two kinds of card boxes of Luhmann:
One is the file card box, in which the cards are all brief descriptions of files and their contents.
The other is the main card box, which is mainly used to collect and generate cards for reading content. Luhmann wrote all these notes on index cards and put them in wooden card boxes.
On the other hand, our traditional way of taking notes, whether in a notebook or an electronic device, is equivalent to using a box to save the content. Luhmann's note-taking system has an extra box for indexing and organizing other cards.
Through these indexing and sorting processes, we can have a new understanding of the original saved content, which not only improves our understanding and memory, but also makes it more convenient and faster to extract. This method is very suitable for people with high academic research and information density.
Thirdly, look at how the cards in the notebook box are related. Luhmann often uses four indexes:
The first category is subject index. When the content of a topic has accumulated enough, Luhmann will make a topic index card, summarize the core content of the topic, and collect the codes or links of related notes on it.
The second category is the index of cards near the location. This is similar to the theme index card, except that this time it is not for a certain theme, but for different themes involved in cards in similar positions in the box.
The third category is the current content index. Clearly mark which note before or after this note has a logical relationship. In this way, although the related cards are not necessarily next to each other, a knowledge network can be formed.
Fourth, notes and link indexes of notes. For example, link two or more notes together and see what new ideas can be generated. As a result, a new theme that breaks away from convention can be produced.
Finally, let me sort out the workflow of Luhmann card box from recording to application.
Step 1: When reading, consulting materials and listening to lectures, what you see or hear is what we call "inspiration", which is recorded on a temporary note card.
The second step is to organize the temporary notes of inspiration in time and turn them into permanent notes seriously, otherwise those inspirations will die.
Thirdly, literature notes should be arranged in a unified format in time, and knowledge points should be rearranged in their own words to form knowledge cards.
The fourth step is to put the sorted literature notes into the literature note box, name them according to the unified naming rules, and link them with the previous notes according to the unified linking rules.
Fifth, organize permanent notes and literature notes regularly, and establish an index table according to the corresponding rules.
Step 6, when creating, call permanent notes or document notes according to the index table, and insert them directly or slightly after modification.
Personal feeling: It is very important to arrange notes in time, which requires some patience and skills. Naming rules and indexes need a clear idea. The quality of note arrangement is directly related to how much contribution the note box can make to you.
The original name of this book is How to Make Smart Notes. As can be seen from the title, this note is unusual. It is a "smart note". Making ordinary notebooks is a good study habit, not to mention taking smart notes.
The author of this book, Schenk arens, said, "If you don't take notes when reading, it is equivalent to the author not reading that book." Indeed, some research shows that if you don't take notes while reading, you will forget 80% of the contents of that book in a few months, and the longer it takes, the more you forget.
So, what are the benefits of this "smart note"?
First, it is convenient to record. When we are reading or doing other things, if inspiration suddenly comes to our mind, we can write it down on a small card anytime and anywhere. On the back of the small card, we can also write the scene that inspired this idea, such as the title, chapter and page number or what happened. Because this is an inspiration note, it should be discarded after sorting it out, so don't care too much. Just take a few cards with you, which is convenient to use.
Second, the knowledge structure is reasonable. Our previous notebook was a page-by-page record, and the accumulated materials were linear, so it was not convenient to change the order. Sometimes the notes on the same topic may not be related, and we need to rearrange them through our brains to get the connection between them. But there is no chronological order for small cards. They are scattered network structures, which are consistent with the knowledge structure in the human brain.
Third, it is easy to organize. From the point of view of data structure, the small card is the node, and the connecting node is the mesh structure, not the previous tree structure. Once the network structure is connected, a card can belong to several topics at the same time, the relationship between notes is clearer, it is easier to find the most relevant content when indexing, and it is relatively easy to organize ideas that conform to the brain's thinking process.
Fourth, it is convenient to embed new knowledge. With the deepening of study, there will be more and more cards. If the small cards in a certain field have formed a network through links, the process of adding notes is to embed new knowledge into the existing network, which is very similar to the human memory model. This divergent structure is likely to find some new links when rearranging notes. These new chains may be a new academic viewpoint.
Fifth, the application is convenient. Some people say that the principle of card recording is a bit like the preparation of a chef. Before the chef cooks, the coolie has already prepared the ingredients, which is also the essence of modern assembly line operation. In fact, so is writing. If you look for materials everywhere when writing, it is equivalent to cooking and looking for ingredients at the same time. The result must be low efficiency, poor quality, and sometimes even give up halfway.
If you have a knowledge reserve such as a card box before writing, it will be much easier to find something related to the topic according to the index. Understand this truth, it is not surprising that Lu Man has written 38 books and hundreds of papers in this way.
After reading the book "Card Note Writing", my opinion on this book is that card note writing is actually a method of how to learn and think about knowledge in a certain field and a method of managing knowledge in a certain field. I am currently studying ancient poetry, and subconsciously think this method is very useful. I take card notes when I read poetry, and I can call them directly when I write.
Because of the creation in the field of ancient poetry, there is a practice of using sentences in sets. For example, Selected Poems of Song Dynasty:
These four sentences are from Su Dongpo's Ding Feng, Zhang Yan's Basheng Ganzhou, Yan's Huanxisha and Su Dongpo's Xijiang Moon, which constitute a novel poem.
These six sentences are from Magnolia Slow, Liang Zhu by Chen and Qing Ping Le by Zhao Lingzhi. Cai Shen's Liu Zaoqing, Shi Xiaoyou's Moshanxi and Xia Han's Gaotai are also quite artistic creations.
This word is popular in language and euphemistic in melody. Obviously, I used a lot of allusions, but it was so natural to read, and I had no idea that I used a lot of other people's things. If you don't believe me, let's take a concrete look:
The first part is "The mountain is high and the moon is small." After reading this sentence, can you see the shadow of Nineteen Ancient Poems: How Beautiful the Moon is?
Also, "I have something to think about in the distance, and my heart is quiet if I don't see it for a day." Among them, Yuansi quotes Nineteen Ancient Poems Picking Furong River and Who Will Stay? Thinking far away, the author added the word "I have" in front to make the whole poem more folk. "If you don't see for a day, your heart will be calm", which is like the fusion of "If you don't see for a day, like Sanqiu Xi" (picking songs) and "quietly worrying" (white boat) in the Book of Songs.
In the second Book of Songs, "Shan Zhinan bears hardships and stands hard work" was changed to "bears hardships and stands hard work in the first sun". The original intention is to persuade people not to believe rumors. The author may want to express that she believes that the other person has no other heart. "Worry, how can you feel inferior?" In the Book of Songs, "I don't see a gentleman, I worry" to describe the sadness of not seeing my sweetheart.
The third part, "Your mind is solid, I fuck the ice and snow", reminds people of the vows of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi in Peacock Flying Southeast, "You are a rock, my concubine is Pu Wei, and Pu Wei is as silky as silk, and the rock is not transferable". "A thousand miles to miss the bright moon" is related to Xie Zhuang's "Moon Fu", "Beauty walks away from the dust, and a thousand miles away from the bright moon". The author uses this sentence to express his beautiful fantasy about this relationship.
Similar sentence patterns and usages in ancient poetry are very common. This is not a simple treatment, quotation or copying, but an appreciation and tribute to the original after in-depth understanding. Cleverly use a sentence or sentence of the original to express the current situation, quote classics and write a truly high-quality work of your own.
Nowadays, many people begin to pick up ancient poetry, especially the broadcast of "Chinese Poetry Conference", which makes many people like ancient poetry, and there are not a few who like to read poetry. Some of them are not satisfied with appreciating poetry, but also want to learn to write poetry by themselves. But I always say that I have read a lot of poems and learned the rules of writing poems, and my poems always lack the flavor of poetry.
What is the reason? In my opinion, the problem comes from the lack of "poetic language" in modern poetry writing. The so-called "poet's language" is "poetic language", which is characterized by simplicity, implication, euphemism and twists and turns. If you use this music-like language to express your subjective feelings, the poems you write will have the taste of poetry.
Where does poetic language come from? It is certainly not easy to learn by rote or by machine. First, the ancients had too many good works to recite. Second, the things memorized have not been deeply thought and understood, and they will not be learned and used flexibly, and it is ugly to copy them.
Appreciate reading more, diligently capture thinking, understanding, comprehension and practice, and accumulate to a certain extent, good things will become their own, and writing poems will naturally follow. Isn't this process a bit like the chef preparing food mentioned above? Therefore, the annotation method may be very suitable for learning poetry creation.
I especially agree with this sentence in the book. For so many years, whether I used to write academic papers and scientific research reports, or now I write official documents and summaries, or write book reviews and poems, if I don't prepare the materials in advance, I am doomed to sit in front of the computer in a daze. It's just that it used to be ordinary information collection, not accumulated with card notes. Naturally, it is not as productive and efficient as Luhmann.
If I could have read the book "Writing Methods of Card Notes" ten or even twenty years ago, I think my academic achievements should not only be to complete several scientific research projects, write several scientific papers and win several scientific and technological progress awards. Luhmann has published 58 books and hundreds of papers in this way. I should publish at least one or two monographs.
On the other hand, although I have finished reading this book and recognized the "smart notes" mentioned in the book, I always feel eager to try. However, there may be many obstacles and difficulties in actual operation. I think the main difficulty may be the change of habit. It is really difficult for a person to suddenly change his long-term study habits, which requires courage and endurance. However, I still want to try this method in my next reading and writing.
At present, I want to apply this method to poetry reading and learning first. Record the thoughts and feelings generated in the reading process for the output of later reasoning; Record the inspiration generated by a sentence or a word in the process of reading poetry for later poetry creation.
Specifically, I may create two theme boxes, one is a reading note box and the other is a poetry note box. Each box has a quick note card and a reading note card. Flash note cards record inspiration and ideas, while reading note cards record the contents of books or poems and the scenes that these contents may use.
Then sort out "flash card" and "secretary card" regularly, and form your own "permanent card" according to the ideas of these two notes. Perhaps, a poem "Poetry Permanent Note Card" is a brand-new poem; A few "reading permanent note cards" can form a reasoning article.
"The article in the world is a big copy, see if you can copy it." How can you copy it? It is definitely not "plagiarism" to form a work with one's own thoughts with Lumanka's notes. Because this is a clever "copy", a technical "copy" and an innovative "copy". That's what the so-called "can copy" should mean.