On the Management of Non-profit Organizations
In recent years, various non-profit organizations have sprung up like mushrooms after rain and began to take over a large number of social affairs that the government no longer undertakes, especially the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008-12, which highlighted the role of non-profit organizations in emergency rescue and disaster relief and attracted the attention of the state and society. However, the management of non-profit organizations in China still lacks corresponding rules and regulations and mature experience, so we should increase the management research of non-profit organizations and give full play to their role in national and social construction. Non-profit organizations will play a very prominent role in regulating social relations, alleviating social contradictions, helping vulnerable groups, promoting social welfare and maintaining social stability and harmony. In contemporary society, it has become a remedial measure. Government failure? 、? Market failure? An important force.
1. Clarify the respective roles of the government and non-profit organizations and handle the relationship between them.
1. 1 government and non-profit organizations are the two main bodies of social public affairs management.
As the carrier of public power, the government's cognition and regulation of non-profit organizations directly affect the development of non-profit organizations; The development of non-profit organizations plays an important role in supporting and restricting government governance, and the benign interaction between them is very important for building a harmonious society. The power of the government can only serve citizens, and the exercise of power is to maintain the whole social order. The ultimate value orientation of all government activities should be the maximization of public interests. Non-profit organizations are non-profit-making social organizations with formal organizational forms, certain autonomy, voluntariness and public welfare, and belong to non-governmental systems. Non-profit organizations do not take profit maximization as their organizational goal, and citizens are the same service objects as the government and non-profit organizations. Promoting the maximization of public interests is the pursuit and task of the government and non-profit organizations, and the value concept of * * * is the fundamental basis for their benign interaction.
1.2 the government should speed up the transformation of functions and promote cooperation and benign interaction with non-profit organizations.
The government needs to fully realize that non-profit organizations can play an important role in the field of governance, and can save the government from complex social management affairs and focus on macro-control and policy formulation. Transfer some social public welfare undertakings and social affairs originally undertaken by the government to non-profit organizations, enrich the social functions of non-profit organizations, and make non-profit organizations become an important force to improve the market economic system and promote the reform of the government system. The rise of non-profit organizations can help the government solve the dilemma of power vacuum and management vacuum to some extent. Some social welfare undertakings and public service projects can be undertaken by enterprises or non-profit organizations in the form of public bidding instead of the government. In this respect, non-profit organizations have great advantages. Because of its professionalism, voluntariness and openness, it has advantages of cost, efficiency and credibility in engaging in public welfare undertakings and providing public services. Only the benign interaction between the government and non-profit organizations can better realize their respective development and maximize public interests.
1.3 The government should provide good legal protection for the development of non-profit organizations and regulate their behavior.
At present, there are some problems in the legal environment of non-profit organizations, such as imperfect system, lack of laws and regulations, and excessive restrictions on non-profit organizations. The government should revise the existing laws and regulations as soon as possible, make great efforts to guide non-profit organizations to gradually establish self-discipline and accountability mechanisms, and formulate the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Non-profit Organizations as the basic law as soon as possible at this stage. Clear laws and regulations can not only provide the basis for the supervision of the government and society, but also provide the direction for the activities of non-profit organizations, so that the self-discipline of non-profit organizations can form a benign interaction with the supervision of the government and society. Non-profit organizations, like other legal organizations, need a responsibility system to ensure that they can bear the legal consequences caused by their organizational behavior.
1.4 government departments should guide the development of non-profit organizations and ensure their independence.
The government should set the development goals of non-profit organizations, meet social needs, and support the development of non-profit organizations by classification. Focus on cultivating a number of industry non-profit organizations that can adapt to the transformation of government functions and undertake the functions of industry standardization, coordination, management and supervision, and at the same time appropriately develop some non-profit organizations closely related to local economic construction and citizen life according to actual needs. Non-profit organizations should maintain their relative independence, and the government should delegate their functions and powers to non-profit organizations to provide them with living space. But as an active organization, they should also reasonably choose to expand their space for activities. On the basis of establishing a good cooperative relationship with the government, we should pay attention to maintaining independence and preventing it from becoming? Camouflage? Government organizations. The government should respect the autonomy of non-profit organizations and cannot interfere in their internal affairs and business activities, as long as their actions comply with relevant laws and regulations.
1.5 The government should strive to create an external supervision mechanism for non-profit organizations.
An effective social supervision mechanism requires not only the self-discipline of non-profit organizations, but also the extensive participation and supervision of the government and society. Fundamentally speaking, state supervision is legal supervision, that is, to determine the status, role and social function of non-profit organizations in the form of law and stipulate their different rights and obligations. At the same time, we must establish a social supervision network for non-profit organizations, let people know their strengths and weaknesses, and make non-profit organizations truly transparent. The supervision and management of non-profit organizations mainly focus on the review of non-profit organizations and the supervision of their financial activities. The main purpose is to prevent fraud from defrauding tax exemption qualifications or public donations. Through the government's administrative supervision, social supervision and news supervision, we can standardize the behavior of non-profit organizations and promote their maturity.
2. Non-profit organizations should strengthen the improvement and management of their own systems.
Non-profit organizations often have no strict external management regulations and internal profit indicators, which makes it difficult for internal management of non-profit organizations to reach a consistent goal, to compare the performance of different non-profit organizations, and to evaluate the performance of various departments. Establishing a good internal governance mechanism of non-profit organizations is an important guarantee for non-profit organizations to gain credibility and maintain vigorous vitality.
2. 1 Attach importance to the participation of employees and establish an effective incentive mechanism.
Because the performance management of non-profit organizations does not involve profit, we should take people as the starting point and center, attach importance to stimulating and mobilizing people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, and realize the common development of people and non-profit organizations. We should improve our own incentive and supervision mechanism, self-discipline mechanism, financial management mechanism and performance evaluation system, strive to improve the performance management of non-profit organizations, objectively evaluate work performance through performance evaluation and other means, improve the enthusiasm of staff, and give full play to the maximum utility of non-profit organization resources. Non-profit organizations should also define their long-term development goals, link the overall strategy of non-profit organizations with the work goals of departments and employees, determine the personal behavior standards of employees, and provide a basis for performance appraisal.
2.2 Improve internal self-discipline, strengthen internal performance evaluation and responsibility management, and enhance the competitiveness of non-profit organizations.
To strengthen the management of non-profit organizations, it is necessary to establish a self-discipline mechanism within the organization. The advantage of self-discipline mechanism lies in the constraint of internal environment on the mission and behavior of non-profit organizations. The common problems in the management of non-profit organizations include low operating efficiency, high operating cost, lack of risk awareness, and managers taking advantage of their positions to seek personal gain. It is difficult to determine to what extent an investment can help non-profit organizations achieve their goals. Through the internal management performance evaluation system, the main body of the internal performance evaluation of the organization controls the organizational activities from process to result, before, during and after employment. Reasonably constructing the business process and management process of non-profit organizations and perfecting the structure and management system of non-profit organizations will help to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of non-profit organizations.
2.3, strengthen the internal professional management of non-profit organizations.
If the non-profit organization is not well managed, it will not only waste social resources, but also be difficult to attract volunteers and raise donations. The development of non-profit organizations has attracted a large number of volunteers. However, it is difficult to manage the growing non-profit organizations by relying entirely on volunteers. Because, with the development and progress of society, the field and scope of non-profit organizations are getting wider and wider, which puts forward higher requirements for the knowledge and skills of non-profit organization staff. Specialized management means that managers and staff have corresponding professional skills and professional background, and the whole non-profit organization will be specialized and skilled, which can better play the role and strength of the team. High-quality professional management team and staff can ensure that the management of non-profit organizations is in a good running state, thus improving the internal management efficiency and benign development of the organization.
References:
[1][ America] Gleiter, Deng, et al. Translated Management of Non-profit Organizations in the 20th Century. Beijing, Renmin University of China Press, 2006.
[2] Peng Guofu, "Research on Management of Non-profit Organizations". Hunan People's Publishing House. 2007
[3] Bo Huang, Wu Lezhen, Gu Xiaohua. Non-profit organization management. China Economic Publishing House. 2008
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