Stone specimens are the material basis for researchers to further study stone culture. Specimens collected in the field can't be marked clearly, the source is clear and the data is complete without strict indoor sorting procedures. Specimens without marks and files will eventually become "dead" specimens, which will cause great waste of specimen resources and field work. The formulation of this regulation will help to standardize the placement of stone specimens and lay a good foundation for further indoor research.

Appendix A of this Regulation is informative.

This provision was put forward by the National Platform for Basic Conditions of Science and Technology.

Drafting unit of this regulation: vertebrate paleontology Institute, Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences.

The main drafters of this Regulation are Lou Yushan, Liu Liping and Pei.

This regulation is interpreted by the national rock and mineral fossil specimen resource sharing platform.

1 range

This regulation specifies the contents, steps and methods of stone specimen arrangement.

This procedure is applicable to the arrangement of stone specimens and their models.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this specification by referring to this specification. For dated reference documents, all subsequent revisions (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this procedure. However, all parties who have reached an agreement in accordance with these provisions are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this regulation.

Classification and Coding of Natural Science and Technology Resources (Stone Specimen Resources) .2006

Jia Lanpo, Huang Weiwen. Zhoukoudian excavation. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1984.

Cave excavation in Zhoukoudian, Pei Wenzhong. Special report on geology, Class B, 1934.

Zhang senshui Paleolithic culture in China. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1987.

3 Specimen arrangement of the specific content

The work of sorting out the obtained stone specimens includes the cleaning, restoration, numbering, registration and archiving of the specimens, as well as the collection and archiving of images and materials related to this specimen.

4 specimen source

Stone specimens mainly come from stone specimens or models obtained by researchers through collection, excavation, collection, exchange, donation and transfer. Specimens from any source should have detailed basic information such as origin (site name), age, collection date, collection (delivery) and so on. Specimens collected and excavated in the field should also have corresponding field data, field number, field records, and corresponding field drawings, photos, videos and work logs.

5 arrangement of stone specimens

Preparation before completion

5. 1. 1 finishing tools

A) removing the knife and needle;

B) record book;

C) recording pen;

D) catalogue card;

E) adhesive;

F) Computer and corresponding CD for recording specimen information.

5. 1.2 Sample numbering tool

Waterproof pens of different colors.

5. 1.3 sample holding material

Plastic box, plastic bag, plastic (cardboard) tray, photo album for saving specimen image information, CD package (box), etc.

5. 1.4 working environment requirements

The place where specimens are placed should have enough space, corresponding working platform and chairs (stools), and the classification room should have good ventilation and lighting equipment.

5.2 unpacking procedures

5.2. 1 unpacking

First of all, we should look for the packing registration form in the box, and check the two specimen registration forms inside and outside the box, so as to understand the number and stacking of specimens in the box according to the description of the registration form.

5.2.2 Take out the sample.

Take out each specimen from top to bottom in turn. First, check the number on the specimen package and mark it on the two registration forms. Until all specimens are taken out, check whether there are unmarked specimens in the registration form. If yes, check the packing box carefully to ensure that all the specimens in the box are checked clearly.

5.2.3 Handling of packaging materials

After all the specimens are found, the packaging materials and boxes can be put aside for later use.

5.2.4 Quantity Verification

Pay attention to the label of each specimen and the field number on the package when opening the package, and check whether the number has been written on the specimen, whether the number is consistent with the label number, and whether the description of the specimen is consistent with the registration form. If there is any inconsistency, it needs to be carefully checked to find out the problem; Until the last specimen number is consistent with the description and registration form.

Sample inspection

If the specimen breaks and stubble breaks during transportation, all the fragments and debris should be collected as much as possible, carefully placed together according to the stubble break and fixed with glue. Fragments or debris that can't be put together for the time being should be packed in small plastic bags, marked as belonging to specimen xx, and put together with the original specimen.

5.3 Sample Arrangement

5.3. 1 sample cleaning

This work should be carried out after the researchers have made a preliminary observation of the specimens. Wash and dry the sample with a soft brush dipped in clean water. If the specimen is stuck with tuberculosis or other debris, it can be removed with a needle. If the bonding is too firm, it shall not be removed, so as not to damage or destroy the specimen. When cleaning, attention should be paid to protecting the field number of the specimen. If the number becomes lighter, write the specimen number clearly with a waterproof marker after inspection.

Sample placement

The samples from the same horizon and the same exploration party are grouped together, and then placed separately from the samples from the same horizon and different exploration parties.

Sample classification

Classify the stone samples of the same horizon according to different stones, and finally check whether the samples of the same stone have the possibility of splicing. If two or more specimens can be spliced together, these specimens will be placed in a unified way, and the label indicates that this work is the continuation and inspection of specimens collected in the field. Specimens that can be spliced should be put in large specimen bags as far as possible for future splicing research.

Sample merging

Samples from the same natural layer (cultural layer) and samples from different natural layers (cultural layers) in the same place are combined for indoor numbering and sorting.

5.4 Indoor numbers and labels

5.4. 1 specimen indoor number

In order to facilitate the research and preservation of stone specimens, all specimens collected outdoors should be numbered indoors, that is, the collection number. According to the specific regulations of each preservation unit, the collection number of stone specimens in our hospital needs to be compiled according to the unified specifications (write the indoor number on the specimens with a black paint pen) in order to publish papers and consult the specimens.

The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences divides stone products into five categories, each of which has its own number (see table 1), and the number is IVPP+ type number+serial number, in which there is a space between IVPP and type number, and there is no space between type number and serial number.

Table 1 Stone Specimen Type and Quantity

Among them, a separate numbering system is no longer established for the mold, and the mold number adopts the specimen number. When the specimen number is repeated, the specimen number published for the first time should be kept, and the specimen published for the next time should be distinguished from the specimen number published for the first time by adding the suffix "(r)" after the original specimen number.

5.4.2 Sample Identification and Labeling

According to the Detailed Rules for Classification and Coding of Stone Products on National Natural Science and Technology Resource Platform (see Annex A), each specimen is classified and labeled (see Table 2). Labels are made in duplicate, one of which is put into storage with the specimen and the other is kept in the data account, so that the account is clear and catalogued in detail, which is convenient for inspection and use and safekeeping.

Table 2 Classification label of stone samples

Sample classification

According to the objective value and rarity of specimens, stone specimens can be divided into three levels: ① First-class specimens refer to particularly important or typical stone tools, which are represented by two red dots; (2) second-class specimens, which are in good shape, or used for plates and illustrations, are marked with red dots; (3) tertiary specimens, general specimens, do not need to be marked on the specimens.

5.4.4 Make a directory card and input it into the computer.

Prepare cards according to Table 3, including as much information as possible.

Table 3 Composition Table of Stone Specimen Catalogue Information Data

Table 3 (continued)

5.5 Specimen Photography

Take as many photos of each specimen as possible. Typical specimens should be photographed from multiple angles or details, and attached with a scale to understand the actual size of the specimens. Generally, it is better to choose a piece of flat flannel with a large color contrast with the specimen, and if necessary, assist some cushions to make the specimen reach a suitable position and angle. Each photo should be numbered according to the specimen number, so that the photo is consistent with things and easy to refer to.

5.6 Clear drawings and field data arrangement

Drawings drawn in pencil, such as site excavation logs, layout plans, stratigraphic profiles, excavation and exploration plans, etc. , need to further clean and copy the backup indoors. Field photography and video recording materials should be sorted out one by one and burned into CD, VCD or DVD for permanent preservation. All kinds of data and materials excavated in the field should be rearranged in the computer and verified by simple statistics to see if there are any wrong data. These materials should be burned into a CD.

5.7 Pack and put in a box.

Generally, the classified stone specimens should be packed with new specimen bags and labels and placed separately, so as to avoid collision and friction between specimens and affect the observation and research of impact marks. According to the different sizes of specimens, plastic boxes, plastic bags and plastic (cardboard) trays can be used as containers, and soft paper, cotton and other seat liners can be used in the containers to ensure that the specimens are relatively stable in the boxes. Specimen labels should be attached to the box.

Appendix a

(Information Appendix)

Detailed rules for classification of stone products

Detailed rules for classification of stone products

Category: rock and mineral fossil specimens

Small class: fossils

Level 1: ancient humans and their remains and relics.

Grade II: Stone products

The third level:

Stone hammer: stone hammer and stone hammer.

Stone anvil: strike the stone anvil and hit the stone anvil.

Stone core: hammered stone core, including single table stone core, double table stone core, multi-table stone core and Levalova stone core; Rock core, with one stone core at one end and two stone cores at both ends; Fine stone core, including columnar stone core, wedge stone core and pencil head stone core.

Stone chips: general stone chips, including natural surface chips, plain surface chips, ribbed surface chips, scar surface chips, repair surface chips and zero surface chips.

Stone leaves: including stone leaves and fine stone leaves.

Slamming stone chips: including one-end stone chips and two-end stone chips.

Others: including stone chips that cannot be classified for the time being.

Stone tools: Choppers, including single-edged chopper, double-edged chopper and multi-edged chopper.

Scrapers include single-edged scraper, double-edged scraper, multi-edged scraper and thumb cover scraper.

Pointer, including single sharp, double sharp and multi-sharp.

Notches include single-sided dents, double-sided dents and multi-sided dents.

Sculptors include plane sculptors, corner sculptors, roof sculptors and ship bottom sculptors.

Stone cone: including short pointed stone cone and long pointed stone cone.

Hand axe: including heart-shaped hand axe, oval hand axe and triangular hand axe.

choose

Thin-edged axe

Stone arrow

Shiqiu

Others, including stone tools that cannot be classified for the time being.

Fault stone

Fragments: left lobe, right lobe, proximal fragment, middle fragment and distal fragment.

piece

Grade II: Bone (horn) products.

Three levels: bone cone, bone shovel, bone needle, bone knife, bone grinding knife, bone stick, angle shovel and harpoon.

Grade II: Ornaments and artworks

Level 3: Punching and scoring.

Grade II: Other ancient human remains and relics that do not belong to the above types.