Data expansion:

Papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on.

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. For all kinds of full-text databases or abstract databases on the Internet, abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents, which provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval databases.

It is a comprehensive introduction to the paper, so that people can understand the main contents of the paper. After the paper is published, abstracts can be used directly by abstract magazines or various databases without modification or slight modification.

Let readers know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible, so as to supplement the deficiency of the title and avoid misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others write the abstract. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases. English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are marked with "keywords:" or "[keywords]"; English keywords are marked with "keywords:".