(A) follow the ecological characteristics of perennial flowers
Perennial flowers grow in the open field all the year round, and their management and cultivation are not as fine as those in greenhouses, so they have certain requirements and adaptability to the surrounding ecological factors. According to different site conditions such as light, moisture, temperature and soil, the corresponding perennial flowers should be selected to adapt to the site as much as possible. For example, shade-tolerant perennial flowers such as Hosta, Hosta purpurea, Lily of the Valley, Reineckea carnea, Spider's egg, Acorus gramineus, etc. should be selected in places where scattered light is dominant, such as forests and the back of buildings. Perennial flowers born in the sun should be selected in the open space or roadside, such as scallion/canna, Ophiopogon japonicus/oxalis purpurea, HEMEROCALLIS HEMEROCALLIS (iris, Solidago, etc.). ); Moisture-resistant or aquatic perennial flowers, such as Acorus gramineus, Evergreen, Lettuce, Stream, Acorus gramineus, Typha Typha, Lotus, Water Lily, Litchi, etc. , should be chosen near the pond or in an environment with water. Perennial flowers selected in arid and barren areas and rock gardens include Hemerocallis fulva, Pulsatilla chinensis, Sedum Sedum, Sedum Saxifraga, Viola yedoensis and so on.
At the same time, it is necessary to deal with the intraspecific and interspecific relations of perennial flowers. When the same kind of flowers are planted together, the planting mode, density and distance should be arranged to meet their respective ecological requirements. For planting between different species, management measures should be as consistent as possible. Only in this way can the perennial flowers grow normally and remain relatively stable, and the same ornamental effect can be achieved year after year.
(two) in harmony with the surrounding environment, consistent with the function.
Different greening environments have different functions and requirements, so the planting design of perennial flowers is also different. Such as street green space, the main function is to shade the sun and beautify the environment. On the premise of not blocking the traffic line of sight, the combination of various flowering shrubs and perennial flowers can not only enrich the street view, but also bring a refreshing feeling to pedestrians. Another example is residential quarters and street parks, whose function is to beautify the environment and provide beautiful rest places for the masses. Perennial flowers are generally planted in this area, with exquisite flowering shrubs, pruning-resistant modeling plants, beautiful small trees and other plant materials to create an elegant small landscape of the block. On both sides of the street, you can choose some perennial flowers with strong stress resistance and compact plant type, such as scallion, LYCORIS radiata, Oxalis rubra and Ophiopogon japonicus. It also has the characteristics of broadening the line of sight and strong decorative effect.
(3) Rational allocation should be made to ensure the continuity and integrity of the landscape viewing effect as far as possible.
Perennial flowers are planted for one year and watched for many years. In order to avoid the adverse effects of dead leaves and fallen leaves in autumn and winter, dormancy of some flowers and bare ground in hot summer, reasonable arrangements should be made on the basis of fully understanding the ecological habits of various perennial flowers, so that the ornamental effect of perennial flowers can be kept continuous and complete all year round. For example, Paeonia lactiflora and Aquilaria sinensis only grow in the first half of the year in hot summer, and will wither due to dormancy when hot summer comes, so it is necessary to arrange other flowers that flourish in summer and autumn but do not affect their growth and appreciation from spring to early summer. Lycoris radiata has deep roots, remains green in autumn and winter, and has no leaves when it blooms. If you plant Ophiopogon japonicus and Hemerocallis with lush stems and leaves, or the climbing scenery with shallow roots, you will receive good ornamental effects. For another example, February Blue, which blooms in early spring, and Mirabilis jalapa, which is rich in color and slightly fragrant in early autumn, are alternately mixed, which just staggered their respective leaf opening and flowering periods, thus solving the problem that the loess under the tree can't see the sky.
(4) Pay attention to the change and contrast of seasons and colors.
There are many kinds of perennial flowers, which bloom early and late. Colors are also extremely rich (divided into white, red, yellow, orange, purple, blue and so on. ). If the planting design is properly coordinated, attention should be paid to the changes of the four seasons, and the colors and patterns of each other in the same season, as well as the coordination and contrast with the surrounding colors, a beautiful scenery with flowers in three seasons, evergreen seasons and colorful colors will be formed.
To realize the change and contrast of seasons and colors, it is necessary to be familiar with the flowering period, colors and patterns of various perennial flowers. Such as February blue, tulip, hyacinthus orientalis, marigold, iron chopsticks, snowflakes, etc. Flowering in early spring; Canna, Portulaca grandiflora, Hemerocallis grandiflora, perennial phlox, Abelmoschus manihot, Solidago, Hosta, purple calyx, onion, etc. Flowering in summer; Early Xiao Ju, early Japanese Xiao Ju, yarrow, Dutch chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, etc. Bloom in autumn; Narcissus, Huangshi garlic, etc. Flowers bloom in winter. In color matching, it should be in harmony with the surrounding environment, with theme, characteristics, artistic conception and aesthetic feeling. If planted at the water's edge, you should choose light-colored flowers such as beige, such as aquatic iris and jade grass. When planting on the hillside, you should choose colors similar to rocks, such as Panax notoginseng, Sedum alfredii, and Dutch chrysanthemum. Warm colors such as red, yellow and orange should be used in bushes. In addition, colors should be designed according to the climate, seasons and the function of garden green space. Generally, we use cool colors in hot summer and warm colors in cold winter.