What are the argumentation methods of argumentative writing? Argumentative writing is often used in our writing. It is particularly important to master the skills and methods in order to write a good article. Below I will share some knowledge about argumentation methods.

Argumentative method 1 1, with examples.

List conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument;

Illustration is an argument method from material to viewpoint, from individual to general, and it is a form of reasoning that draws the same conclusion from the analysis and research of many individual things. In this way, generally speaking, the argument is divided first and then the conclusion is drawn, that is, the topic is directly raised, then the argument is demonstrated layer by layer with materials around the topic, and finally the conclusion is summarized. This structural method is more in line with the law of human thinking and cognition.

There are two forms of enumerating facts when demonstrating with examples, namely, summarizing the whole facts and enumerating individual facts. The persuasiveness of summarizing the whole facts lies in the universality embodied in the facts, and it is a comprehensive statistics or summary of the whole facts or the overall situation. The demonstration method of enumerating individual cases does not need comprehensive consideration, just enumerating several cases. Examples need to be typical, at the same time, we should give consideration to economic principles and try not to repeat the same kind.

Enumerating conclusive, sufficient and representative facts can enhance the power and persuasiveness of discussion.

2. Reasoning and argumentation

Prove the argument with the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, famous sayings and aphorisms of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas.

Make the argument authoritative and convincing. Answer: The viewpoint of ... is demonstrated by rational argumentation, thus making the argument more general and convincing. Key argument

Note: if you quote famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data, you can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.

3. Comparative demonstration

Compare positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove arguments in comparison; The characteristics and essence of things are most easily revealed in comparison, especially the comparison of positive and negative things, which has great significance and can leave a deep impression on people. After comparison, the correct argument is more stable.

Everything in the world often exists in comparison. "Only contrast can distinguish". Once two things are compared, we can tell the difference between them. Therefore, in argumentative writing, the method of comparative argument is often used to compare two contradictory or opposing things and reasons from both positive and negative aspects, so as to reveal the essence of things and make the things expounded more profound and convincing. Contrast between true and false, you can go from false to true; The contrast between good and evil can suppress evil and promote good; Contrast between right and wrong can set things right. Therefore, the use of positive and negative contrast argument is more powerful and clearer than just reasoning from the front.

4. Metaphorical argument

Prove an argument by comparing familiar things. In addition, in refutation, the refutation methods of "attacking shield with spear" and "reducing to absurdity" are often adopted. It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers. Because this method uses easy-to-understand and simple things to explain things that are difficult to understand and profound, it is vivid and can concretize abstract truth and become simple and vivid, thus strengthening the proof of the argument. Pay attention when you use it, and the metaphor you use must be appropriate. Generally speaking, metaphor argument should not be used as the main method of an article argument, but should be appropriate.

5, inductive argument, also known as "factual argument"

Give concrete examples to demonstrate the method of general conclusion.

Induction can give examples before drawing a conclusion, or it can put forward a conclusion and prove it with examples. The former is what we usually call induction, and the latter is what we call example. Example method is an argument method to prove the argument with individual and typical concrete examples. Also called factual argument.

Induction and deduction, as two basic forms of argument, the biggest difference lies in the authenticity of the conclusion. As long as the premise is established and the deduction is reasonable, the conclusion is true. Induction is not necessarily, induction cannot guarantee that the premise is true, and the conclusion must be true.

6. Deductive argument

Also called "theoretical argumentation", it is a method to demonstrate individual cases according to general principles or conclusions. That is, to prove particularity with the argument of universality.

There are many forms of deduction, such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning, but the most important one is syllogism. Syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. Such as the major premise that all metals can conduct electricity, iron is the minor premise of metals, and iron can conduct electricity.

Direct reasoning is the basis of reasoning, and syllogism is the core of reasoning. Syllogism is indirect reasoning that leads to a conclusion from two premises, and its main forms are blunt syllogism, hypothetical syllogism and selective syllogism.

7. Analogy demonstration

Analogy argument is an argument method that compares and analogizes a known thing (or case) with something (or case) with some similar characteristics to prove the argument.

Among them, "the same characteristics" is the premise of this argument method, without which analogy cannot be made; "Comparative analogy" is the fundamental symbol of this argument method. Without this reasoning process, the purpose of proving the argument cannot be achieved; "Known things" is an important condition of this argument method. It is an object that serves the main thing to be discussed. Without this condition, analogy can't be obvious, can't be easily accepted by readers, and can't achieve the purpose of proving the argument in some cases. By comparing the same characteristics of object and subject, this method of argument compares the nature of object with that of subject, thus revealing that subject and object have the same nature, thus achieving the purpose of proof and argument.

8, causal argument

It proves an argument by analyzing things and revealing the causal relationship between arguments. Causality argument can be proved by causality, effect and causality.

Using causal argument, we should not stay at the level of one cause and one effect, but be good at analyzing the causes and results from multiple angles, such as analyzing one cause and multiple effects, and also analyzing the same cause and different effects, the same cause and different effects, and mutual causality. Generally speaking, in the causal argument, we should pay attention to the following causal analysis:

9. Quote arguments

A kind of "reasoning", citing famous sayings as arguments, citing classics to analyze problems and explain reasoning methods. There are two ways to quote: one is to explicitly quote and explain who said the quoted words or their sources, and the other is to implicitly quote, that is, not to explain who said the quoted words or their sources.

The function of quoting arguments: it can enhance the persuasiveness or literary talent of the article, make the argument more powerful or attractive, and further explain the argument of the article.

Argumentation methods of argumentative essays II. Writing methods and skills of argumentative essays.

1, draw up a good question

The title of an argumentative essay should conform to the stylistic characteristics and be clear, so that people can know its purpose at a glance. An article with a clear point of view is most popular with commentators, because it has a clear and transparent feeling, which is convenient for grasping the basic content of the whole article.

Step 2 get off to a good start

The beginning of an argumentative paper should pay attention to "short, fast and beautiful". To be brief means to be concise. It is best to divide three or two sentences into paragraphs to introduce this theory. A short beginning can avoid verbosity and short sentences are divided into paragraphs. Fast, that is, quickly get to the point, it is best to go straight to the point in a few words.

3. Central region

Whether the argumentative essay is rigorous in structure, clear in organization, rigorous in argument and typical in argument depends on the writing of the middle paragraph. Structure, organization, argument and argument are important rules for marking argumentative papers.

Step 4 argue

Argument is the soul of argumentative writing, sub-argument is the skeleton supporting this soul, and argument is the flesh and blood of argumentative writing. The same argumentative essay can't be called an article only with central arguments and sub-arguments, and it must also have typical and vivid arguments.

5. Knot your tail

At the end of the argumentative paper, collect the full text and highlight the central argument; To reflect the compactness and integrity of the full-text structure, we should not retreat hastily or gild the lily; Language should be crisp and powerful, clear and loud, inspiring and inspiring.

6. The language image is fluent.

Language items are an important criterion for composition grading. The language of argumentative writing should be accurate, vivid and vivid. Try to use vivid expressions.