Didn't get a satisfactory answer? There are many reasons why the United States does not ban it. The comrades upstairs have actually said enough. Let me sum up: first, Americans' consumption habits, they don't eat internal organs. While ractopamine and other residues mainly remain in internal organs. It doesn't do much harm to Americans. Second, ractopamine metabolizes quickly. As long as the drug use regulations are strictly observed, there will be no residue in pork during the withdrawal period. The level of farmers in the United States is relatively high, unlike the uneven aquaculture industry in China. Third, ractopamine can really improve lean meat rate. Fourth, perhaps American experts are also representing the interests of related industries and fooling people to some extent. View original post >>
What is ractopamine and why do different countries have different standards for it?
Ractopamine is a synthetic clenbuterol β adrenergic receptor agonist, which can be used to treat congestive heart failure and muscular dystrophy, increase muscle and reduce fat accumulation, and is beneficial to the growth of fetus and newborn. Ractopamine is used as a new clenbuterol in some pig farms. After using this drug, the metabolism of animals will be changed, which will make them grow more muscles instead of fat. As a result, pork will become thinner. Because muscle is heavier than fat, it also makes pigs more weighty. On the surface, this means that consumers can reduce the fat in their diet, while producers can raise heavier pigs with less feed. But ractopamine is far from an ideal additive, because it is more likely to cause problems than other additives. A food and environment report of 20 12 pointed out that the effects of ractopamine include: "hyperactivity, trembling, weakness of limbs, inability to walk and death".
The application scope and safety of this drug in aquaculture are different internationally. Ractopamine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration on 1999, but it is prohibited to be used in raising pigs in the European Union, the Russian Federation and China. In fact, ractopamine as an additive for pigs has been banned in nearly 200 countries. China began to restrict the use of receptor agonists in 2002 and specifically banned ractopamine in 2009.
From the perspective of meat import and export trade, the countries that allow ractopamine as a pork additive for a long time are basically meat exporting countries. A few days ago, American media reported that in order to regain the market share of pork in China and meet the food safety standards in China, the national regulatory authorities in the United States asked pork producers to give up using clenbuterol.
Ractopamine is simply a clenbuterol. As for why different countries have different standards, it should be measured from the perspective of import and export trade and food safety. After all, Americans don't eat these meat byproducts.
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Ractopamine price What is Ractopamine sold there?
Your time is a test card about food testing.
Ractopamine is a β -receptor agonist, which is easy to produce toxic and side effects after being ingested by human body, so it is listed as a banned drug in many countries. The announcements issued by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Drug Administration explicitly prohibit the use of ractopamine in food animals. Conventional instrument detection methods can not meet the needs of large-scale detection in actual production. The three-effect rapid detection card has the characteristics of convenience, rapidity, accuracy and sensitivity, and is suitable for on-site large-scale sample screening detection and law enforcement supervision in grass-roots units.
Basic information of ractopamine
Chinese name: ractopamine Chinese alias: ractopamine English name: ractopamine English alias: 4-[3-[2- hydroxy -2-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl] amino butyl] phenol; 4-( 1- hydroxy -2-{[4-(4- hydroxy) butyl -2- yl] amino} ethyl) phenol CAS: 97825-25-7 molecular formula: C 18H23NO3 molecular weight: 3065438+. Relative density:1.189g/cm3.
Retobalamin and ractopamine are the same thing? 20 points
Retobalamin is a special "lean meat".
It is very efficient. If less than 20g is added to a ton of feed, pigs in the final fattening stage can increase lean meat by 24% and reduce fat by 34%. This substance hardly accumulates in the body. Animal experiments and small-scale human experiments show that the intake per kilogram of body weight is below 67 micrograms, which has no obvious harm to human body. The allowable residue value of Letobalamin in pork stipulated by FDA is 50ppb (one billion, 50ppb is equivalent to 50 micrograms per kilogram), and the safety standard in beef is 30ppb.
Under this residue standard, it is quite safe for a 50 kg person to eat 2.5 kg of pork or 4 kg of beef every day.
The standards of other countries or institutions are stricter than those of the United States. For example, the standard of pork in Canada and WHO is 40ppb, while the standard of FAO is 10ppb. Japan and New Zealand stipulate that it is not allowed to be used in domestic production, but the residue in imported pork is allowed to be less than 10ppb.
China banned the use of any "clenbuterol", including Letobamide. Therefore, in China, "Clenbuterol" is always associated with the word "illegal".
PAYLEAN (ractopamine) is a feed additive, which is a registered trademark of Elanco Lilly Company in the United States. It was approved by the FDA in July this year only for pig production, which can further improve the growth speed and efficiency of muscle tissue. It contains ractopamine hydrochloride, which is a small molecule to improve the growth of muscle protein and feed efficiency. Ractopamine is a member of phenylethanolamine. Paylean is not a hormone, steroid, antibiotic or a product of bioengineering. It has been proved that during the last 90 kg weight of 150~240, adding 4.5 ~ 18g/ ton to feed has been widely and repeatedly evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. A large number of experiments have proved that the effect of adding ractopamine to 18g/ ton is 90 kg before commercial pigs are put on the market. In these experiments, ractopamine increased fat-free lean meat by 34% and empty body protein by 24% (table 1). Ractopamine can increase the growth rate and reduce the feed intake. The back fat thickness of rib 10 decreased by 13.7%, the lean meat increased by 1 1%, and the slaughter rate increased from 73.3% to 74.4%, increasing by 1.5%.
References:
baike.baidu/view/590986
Ractopamine-related events
On July 2014 12, Taipei Environmental Protection Bureau destroyed 7,490 kilograms of imported American beef containing clenbuterol in Muka Waste Incineration Plant. 2065438+In February and March of 2004, a dispute over clenbuterol broke out in Taiwan Province Province. This batch of imported American beef containing animal drugs ractopamine and ritobamine (commonly known as clenbuterol) was all stored in Keelung and Kaohsiung of Shusen Company, and was sealed off and returned. Among them, some meats with the highest clenbuterol content reached 2.9ppb (concentration unit).
What is dopamine? What's the difference between hormones and hormones?
Dopamine, abbreviated as DA, is a precursor of NA and a key neurotransmitter in hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Dopamine, a chemical used to help cells transmit pulses, a neurogenic substance in the midbrain, directly affects people's mood. The function of dopamine is to transmit information of excitement and pleasure.
Hormone means hormone. The hormone we often say is sex hormone. When there is a desire between the opposite sex, hormones are secreted in large quantities, which also promotes the secretion of dopamine in large quantities and finally complements each other. The desire for the opposite sex has turned into a fanatical infatuation, resulting in the sweetness and happiness of love.
Is ractopamine poisonous?
Is ractopamine toxic or not? This may be one of the most controversial issues in aquaculture and even scientific research.
Recently, our reporter learned exclusively from Fan Fuli, director of the testing room of the breeding pig quality supervision, inspection and testing center (Guangzhou) of the Ministry of Agriculture that the recent experiments of the center showed that ractopamine did cause serious damage to the health of pigs.
This experiment is the first time in the world to prove that the so-called ractopamine is non-toxic with data.
The health of pigs using ractopamine is seriously damaged.
It is understood that although the use of ractopamine has been banned by China's Ministry of Agriculture, the statement that ractopamine has no side effects has been widely circulated in aquaculture for many years, so that it is prevalent in some areas.
The attitude of the scientific research community is not unrelated to this. Some research papers reviewed by the reporter think that it has "no toxic side effects" and "no need to stop taking drugs".
Fan Fuhao believes that the statement that ractopamine is non-toxic is not valid. On October 22nd, 2065438+ 10, the breeding pig quality supervision, inspection and testing center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Guangzhou) purchased 38 growing pigs, which were divided into two groups (control group =8 pigs, lake group =30 pigs). 65438+1October 24th, the official experiment, Lake Group added 20mg/kg hydrochloric acid feed. The addition ended on February 20, 20 10.
From February 2 1 day to February 26, the researchers collected the blood of pigs in the control group (hereinafter referred to as the control group) and the ractopamine addition group (hereinafter referred to as the ractopamine group) for health evaluation, and detected the health index, poisoning index and red blood cell volume of pigs in batches.
The results showed that the health index of the pigs in the lake group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.0306), the poisoning index was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.0 1.88), and the red blood cells were severely swollen (P=0.0099).
According to Fan Fuhao, according to the biostatistics method, when P is less than 0.05, the difference is significant. Their three control data all prove that the health of pigs is damaged after using ractopamine.
Fan Fuhao believes that although the experiment on the influence of pork on human body has not been done, "ractopamine is harmful to the growth of pigs, let alone people?" He also believes that the increase of respiratory diseases in pigs in recent years is precisely related to drug abuse in pigs. As a chemical drug, ractopamine, if used for a long time, will reduce the resistance of pigs and will contribute to the epidemic.
The pig's deformed long meat actually shed black blood.
A salesman of a feed factory in Zhaoqing clearly told reporters that he agreed to lift the ban on ractopamine. His reason is that ractopamine will greatly increase the feed reward of pigs. If it is allowed to be added, China's feed consumption will be saved by 10%, which is a great contribution to the country.
The salesman's statement is quite representative. It is understood that some farmers favor ractopamine because it can significantly increase the daily gain of pigs and increase the lean meat rate.
The reporter found that these statements are supported by scientific research papers. Some papers said that after using ractopamine, the daily gain of finishing pigs increased by 9.03%, the feed intake decreased by 6.58%, the carcass lean meat rate increased by 4. 18%, and the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 14. 18%.
Fan Fu said that during the central experiment, they did not find any change in the feed intake of pigs. The so-called long meat is actually a kind of abnormal growth after pig poisoning.
He analyzed that the addition of ractopamine led to an increase in the poisoning index of pigs, an increase in the volume of red blood cells, and a great decrease in the oxygen-carrying function of swollen red blood cells, thus affecting the physiological functions of pigs. Because the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells is damaged, only compensatory muscle hypertrophy can supplement the oxygen needed for exercise, so lean meat is increased. This kind of muscle is actually a kind of morbid meat, which may be harmful to human body if eaten for a long time.
"After people get goiter, the thyroid gland will grow abnormally, and so will pigs who eat ractopamine for a long time. This is actually a disease. " He made such an analogy.
He also introduced that after using ractopamine, the blood flowing out of pigs during slaughter was black.
"Forbidden Zone" is unlikely to be released in China.
It is understood that at present, the addition of ractopamine is prohibited in the European Union and other regions, while breeding companies in the United States and other regions have long added it to pig feed. There is also great controversy internationally.
Although the Ministry of Agriculture of China has banned the use of this substance in the pig industry, it has been unable to give its own reasons to prove its harmfulness. On the contrary, many researchers and business people support the liberalization of the restricted area.
Some countries that allow the addition of ractopamine require pork to enter the China market, and even require the regulation of ractopamine standards, which brings increasing pressure to China.
Fan Fuhao believes that according to their experiments, people think that trace residues ......
What is dopamine?
Dopamine is secreted by the brain and can affect a person's mood. Its formal chemical name is 4-(2- ethylamino) benzene-1, 2- diol, or "DA" for short. Arvid karlsson won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering that dopamine is the information transmitter in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical used to help cells transmit pulses. This kind of brain endocrine is mainly responsible for the lust and feeling of the brain, transmitting information of excitement and happiness, and is also related to addiction.
Love is actually the result of a large amount of dopamine produced by the brain. Therefore, smoking and drug abuse can increase the secretion of dopamine and make addicts feel happy and excited. According to research, dopamine can treat depression; However, the lack of dopamine will make people lose the ability to control muscles, which will make people's hands and feet tremble involuntarily or lead to Parkinson's disease. Recently, some scientists have found that dopamine is helpful for further treatment of Parkinson's disease. The treatment lies in restoring the level of dopamine in the brain and controlling the disease.
Its hydrochloride is often used as white or white-like shiny crystal; Odorless and slightly bitter; Exposed to air and light, the color changes gradually. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in anhydrous ethanol, very slightly soluble in chloroform or ether. The melting point is 243℃-249℃ (decomposition).
Dopamine is also the "reward center" of the brain, also known as the dopamine system.