Source: China Paper Download Center [September 3, 2002 10: 16:00] Author: Wu Fei Editor: studa07 14.

Abstract: The typical image of Hamlet during the Renaissance is the period of humanism. He believes that the world is beautiful and harmonious; Man is a great creature. He is kind and virtuous, and should do something. /kloc-The Enlightenment in the 0/8th century held high the banner of humanism, holding that man is the center of the universe and the master of all things. In Hamlet, such people think that this theory is on the rise.

Keywords: Hamlet; People-oriented; People-oriented; Presence of primer

Hamlet was written from the winter of 1599 to the beginning of 1600. 1603 published "The First Four Openings", which missed many title page sentences, "Performing in London and other places in these two Cambridge and Oxford universities." The second publication in Twenty-four Openings is considered rare, and all the preparations are based on the future home. Hamlet, Happy Prince of Denmark. Unfortunately, his father was poisoned by his honest uncle, who usurped the throne and occupied his mother. Hamlet heard about this country on his back. His father's ghost told him about his murder and took revenge on his son. Hamlet retaliated, pretending to be crazy and looking for opportunities to know the truth. Once, he asked the troupe to play the usurper's brother and kill the old play. The plot is the same as his father's ghost. During the exhibition, his uncle panicked and proved himself guilty. Finally, Hamlet tried his best to stab his uncle before he died and get back at his father, but he didn't finish the reorganization of the reason of "turning upside down in troubled times". From the whole script, Hamlet's love life, but anti-evil thoughts are not as good as acting, and he is too indecisive; Uncle is a feudal reactionary force, dissolute, treacherous, sinister and scheming. By describing Hamlet's irreconcilable contradiction with reality, his hesitation, pain and sadness in the process of revenge, the script profoundly embodies the strong desire of people-oriented and the requirement of breaking the shackles of feudal forces, and also reveals the restrictions on the early British bourgeoisie. It is Hamlet's humanistic ideal and irreconcilable contradictory reality that lead to the inevitability of his life tragedy.

The awakening of hamlet's humanism

It is often said that there are thousands of Hamlet actors. Similarly, critics always use different views to shape the image of Hamlet. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bradley Lufthansa, a famous British scientist, asked an interesting question: "Ghost, why don't you take revenge immediately if you don't listen to Hamlet's instructions? Eight people died, and seven lives can be saved? " .

In fact, Hamlet longed for revenge, but why did he delay taking action and put it off? I have always thought that this is the most critical issue in Hamlet's problem. Faced with this problem, their famous exposition is to give people some enlightenment. For example, Goethe's insight leads us to pay attention to these two lines of prince monologues: "The whole time is out of touch, oh, what a pity, I choose to put it back to nature!" This is the embodiment that Hamlet really cares about the awakening of humanism. First of all, when it is out of date and he is not satisfied himself. Secondly, he went on to say, let the whole world be good. Hamlet wants revenge to destroy the evil embodied by Claudius so that this time it can be reversed again. Finally, Hamlet felt that the world was so bad and desperate that he didn't give himself a reason to reorganize the moral universe. Anomie, chaos and social order are often proved before people give birth to Hamlet's life value, that is, they are forced to reorganize social order in order not to settle in front of others.

Second, typical humanism.

Hamlet is a typical image of humanists in the Renaissance. He always thinks that man is "what an extraordinary masterpiece! What a noble reason! What a great power! What kind of behavior are angels! Do what you want. Wonderful musical instrument! What an elegant move by the wise god! The essence of everything in the universe, primate! " He was born in the palace of an enlightened monarch, and received a humanities university education from primary school, with lofty ideals. This country has become a model for young people in the new era, and progressives are looking forward to the new ideas of the delegates. But after the great blow, and because of the fierce collision between his humanism and feudalism, he couldn't find a way to reorganize the universe. Hamlet is not only a tragedy, but also a revenge for his loss of life. Hamlet hesitated because the objective situation hindered the realization of revenge, and the weakness of our Danish prince determined that he was not reckless at all. In the grim reality, he consciously assumed his historical responsibility: "Oh, it's my fault, I must take the responsibility of transforming the universe." He has to bear too many responsibilities, wading away from brass from the violent prince, attacking Denmark and Poland with narrow goals and reckless moments; Nor is it simply recklessness. Bowing down for revenge and rallying thugs to attack the palace are one of the few foolish acts of Laertes, the gunman of the king, who was deceived and used by the king. Hamlet's revenge is not only to obey Claudius, the king who regained his light, to kill the body, but to eliminate the darkness represented by Claudius society: black and white is upside down, chaotic, full of autocratic corruption, intrigue, flattery and "whipping and laughing, humiliating the oppressor." Those who sit in arrogance and despise love are bitter, protracted laws, officials' arrogance, and they work hard and humble.

In a society where ideals and beliefs are completely opposite and absurd, "yes or no" is really a difficult choice in life. It is also very suitable for those who are facing the helplessness and pain of people-oriented. The chaos of the times and society was caused by the feudal society in which the pain of transition to capitalist society was inevitable. The ideal monarch has been shattered, the etiquette of monarch and minister exists, the discipline is corrupt, the morality collapses, and the world is getting worse. Feudal fortresses are more stubborn. The third level is in the primary stage, is a new force, and is not considered a humanist. The history of repetition and spiral state is the unexpected law of humanistic idealists. Humanism is not a politician, but an ideal home. They have pure lofty goals, adhere to ideals and beliefs, and are strong-willed, not for their own goals and means. When Hamlet is witty, he can use "inside and outside the play" to prove this appalling crime, and he can take revenge without hesitation. But when the crow panicked and prayed to God, did Hamlet have a chance to kill him, but was regarded as an open enemy, and then raised his sword to punish evil? We can't just blame Hamlet's religious complex, let alone Hamlet's indecision. This is a glorious action and an inevitable humanistic ideal, not the right of the imperial court to fight a bloody battle. Finally, Hamlet's friend Horatio asked him to take him alive. "Declare the origin of the world and take action in the whole story" illustrates this point. He said, "Is it blasphemous if I don't cut off the harm of thief cantharidin and let him continue to harm others?" In their own time, they used to treat everything in the world, so "it must be a major crime as my ballast." So, revenge is no choice.

Third, there is humanism.

To be or not to be, Hamlet finally raised the question. He felt that his controlled fate did not want to do his own thing, but he felt powerless to resist. Hamlet embodies this tragic spirit everywhere in the play. The first three scenes of the script were all shot at the same owner as Hamlet: the missing father died, the mother remarried and the throne. Suddenly turned the young prince into an unbearable reality and a bright future dream, and he sighed:

..... or is it true that the living God has not made a law prohibiting suicide! Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ. Everything in this world is so exclusive, in my opinion, mediocre, boring, boring! Hum! Hum! This is not a barren garden rule, weeds are vicious. Such a good king, compared with now, is simply a god and ugly. There is only one month left, so I can't think about it any more! Fragile, your name is woman! Just a month ago, she cried like a crybaby and liked to send my poor father to be buried. She wore a pair of shoes to the funeral. However, when she, she-oh, my God! Sadly, an irrational beast should live longer-she married my uncle. Only a month later, her tears came down, and hypocrisy didn't eliminate her red eyes. She is married. Ah, evil got into the quilt of incest in such a hurry and eagerness ......

As a blow to reality, Hamlet wanted to die, but in medieval Europe, it was against Christian belief, so his death and the idea of starting again after death cursed the injustice of the world. It used to be a better world, but now it seems that everything about him is so disgusting, stale, boring and boring, and then I think this world is not the rule of a deserted garden, overgrown with weeds and vicious. From here, he began to change his worldview, because his fairy tales grew up in a place where he said that "the whole world is a prison, and Denmark is one of the worst prisons". . In a few short days, he felt a tragic fate somewhere, but this tragic fate will accompany him all his life until his death.

Yes or no, of course, troubled Hamlet again. The problem here is not only survival and death, even if all values are judged, in the end, the problem will still be done, whether to go or not, and whether to sacrifice or not. Rational thinking can play a guiding role, but too much will delay the mind, mind and more people's time. Too much attention will make them unwilling to make important decisions. But he had a fear of death, and immediately thought of the existence of the dead "I". The land he expected to reach was more painful than this, and he would never come back. This is that things are hesitant in the face of inertia, not only in action, but also in their typical Hamlet thinking. One proposition puts forward one, while the other overturns the proposition BA, and B rushes to the proposition C for the coming light. Whether acting or thinking, Hamlet is so stagnant, and often gets out of the way smoothly when he is about to hit nature. So, "in this way, we all became cowards because of worry. The red-hot light of determination and careful thinking cast a layer of gray. This great undertaking under consideration will go against the current. Enter the action name "

Hamlet fully believes that the world is beautiful and harmonious; Man is a great creation, kind and kind, and he should make a difference; The earth is full of friendship and love, which is friendship, love, loyalty and purity. Hamlet's humanistic view, on the one hand, is not revenge of feudalism, on the other hand, time is accepted by the public, but his view of human nature is good, and he hopes to get rid of the dark side, even if it is impossible in a bright world. Although Hamlet shoulders the mission of revenge from the outside, we can still feel his pursuit of equality, friendship, brightness, staying away from social fraud and dark ideals from his speech. Basic humanistic ideals and beliefs, "people"! Noble and elegant, pure and beautiful, brave and strong, regardless of passion and reason, equality and dignity. But the cruel reality of human nature is so sinful and despicable; So fragile, so changeable; So lonely, so ... However, the melancholy Hamlet "What is the life shaped by this mud?" After all, he has never lost the belief of "human beings" as the "essential universe and all primates", and belief is the eternal sacrifice of life. This belief is the reason why our generations are alive and struggling.

References:

Shakespeare v [M]. Zhu Shenghao, Beijing Complete Works: People's Literature Publishing House, 1994.

[2] He Qishen's History of English Drama [M] Nanjing: Yilin Press, 1999.

[3] Act V Scene II [M]. Complete Works of Zhu Shenghao Shakespeare, translated from Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House. Society, 1994

[4] Sartre's existentialism is a kind of humanitarianism [M] Xu, translated. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2005

[5] Ou Ken's life. Significance and Value of Translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2005.