1In April, 934, the Central Red Army (10 was renamed the Red Army, 65438) fought a decisive battle with the Kuomintang army in Guangchang, Jiangxi, with serious losses and a critical situation. In July, the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Central Committee ordered the Seventh Army Corps of the Red Army to form an anti-Japanese advance team in the north, advance to the border of Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, and establish a new Soviet area; Ordered the Sixth Army Corps of the Red Army to break through the Western Expedition from the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area and develop guerrilla warfare in central Hunan.
The Central Revolutionary Military Commission sent two legions to the north and west respectively, aiming at mobilizing the Kuomintang "encirclement and suppression" army to relieve the pressure on the Central Soviet Area, but failed to achieve its goal. At the beginning of 10, Kuomintang troops attacked the central area of the Central Soviet Area and quickly occupied Xingguo, Ningdu and Shicheng. The Red Army's room for maneuver was even narrower, and it could not break the "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang troops in the Soviet area, so it was forced to withdraw from the Soviet area and carry out the Long March.
Extended data:
The origin of the name Long March:
1On August 5th, 935, China the Political Bureau of the Central Committee pointed out in the resolution adopted at the Shawo meeting: "On the one hand, the army's 18,000-mile long March is an unprecedented great cause in the history of China". On September 12, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out in the Wrong Decision on Comrade Zhang made at the Russian meeting that the Red Army had carried out the "Long March of Vandory".
65438+1October 19 The Shaanxi-Gansu detachment led by the central government (adapted from the main force of the Red Army and the column of the Military Commission) arrived in Wuqi, northern Shaanxi, and successfully ended the Long March. On the same day, Mao Zedong pointed out that the Red Army's Long March "according to the summary of the Red Army regimental headquarters, it traveled up to 25,000 miles".
165438+1October 13 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out in the "Declaration of the Central Committee of the Producers' Party of China on Japanese Imperialism's annexation of North China and Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal of North China": The Red Army "after a long March of more than 25,000 miles, after eleven provinces crossed the territory of China, with the spirit of tenacious struggle for more than a year, finally reached the northwest of China and the former Red Army of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.
This is the earliest document record about the concept of "25,000-Li Long March" found at present. With the heroic achievements of the Red Army's Long March widely circulated, the influence of this great feat has been expanding, and "Long March", "Long March of a Thousand Miles" and "Long March of 25,000 Miles" have gradually become the special terms for the strategic shift from 65438 to 1936.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Long March