Model essay on community nursing 1: Development status and nursing category of community nursing Abstract: The development of community nursing is not perfect. Community nursing is the synthesis of public health and professional nursing theory. With the progress of society and the change of disease spectrum, people's demand for health is constantly improving, and community nursing has penetrated into all aspects of residents' lives.
Keywords community nursing development category
Factors affecting the development of community nursing
① Community nursing in China is in the primary stage and has not been recognized by the public. Although many hospitals have set up community clinics and family beds, the focus is still on patients and basic medical care. Right? Six in one? Insufficient understanding of humanized service. ② Systematization, standardization and networking of community management are still in the exploratory stage. (3) The government does not pay attention to it, the funds are not in place, and the hospital still aims at profit, so its work is very passive. ④ There is a lack of general practitioners and nurses, and their level is limited. ⑤ Lack of community software and hardware. 6. Without public recognition, residents have not received real benefits, and five exemptions and six reductions are just empty talk. ⑦ Community nursing education is still blank. Up to now, no school has trained specialized community nursing talents. Because of the particularity of knowledge and knowledge structure needed for community nursing, it will be difficult for nurses trained in secondary health schools to carry out community nursing work well. ⑧ Community nursing still lacks integrity. Coherent humanistic service concept.
The category of community nursing
Understand international and government health organizations and health laws; Conduct vital statistics; Assist in environmental health and group health work; Implement health education; Engaged in maternal and child health care; Assist in public safety and infectious disease management; Engaged in home visits and nursing; Chronic disease management and follow-up treatment, mental health guidance; Execute the doctor's advice; Tourism service; Utilize social resources; Keep correct records.
Particularity of community nursing
Including the connotation of community health care, in addition to basic medical care, community care is mainly aimed at everyone, every family and every group in the community? Six in one? Our health services, such as health education, health guidance, family care, nutrition guidance for patients and healthy people, health care and psychological consultation for women, children and the elderly, prevention and systematic management of chronic diseases, promote the health and tranquility of everyone in the community, including disease prevention, health recovery and health promotion. Is that embodiment of the friendly spirit of community nurse. Apply the knowledge of clinical medicine, public health and social science to systematically manage different sexes, different age groups and different diseases. Make use of available resources, give full play to the nursing function, coordinate and integrate relevant resources such as schools, families, community organizations and government agencies, and make joint efforts to extend to the community, such as working together with the family planning offices of neighborhood committees of the government in the jurisdiction to provide health protection for each member of the community and play a bridge role for community nursing.
Priority customers in the community
Vulnerable groups (old, weak and disabled). Community nursing concerns the happiness of all mankind, regardless of race, religion, age, gender or any other characteristics. The health of women and children should receive special attention and care, because women's health directly affects children. Once the mother's health is permanently damaged, it will not only damage the health of both mother and child, but also affect the whole family life. China has entered an aging society, and the elderly have many problems in health, psychology, society and economy, and their self-care ability has declined. Therefore, the health care of the elderly is very important, and the health of women and children and the elderly should be maintained in community nursing.
Community nursing should plan, evaluate and explore health services.
Evaluation refers to the psychological, physiological, social and environmental evaluation of individuals and their families, so as to understand the health needs of each individual, family, group and the whole community, so as to ensure the implementation of the community nursing plan. Community nurses must judge first, establish their own problems, and then study ways to solve them. If pregnant women lack pregnancy experience, they should be informed of their pregnancy knowledge as soon as possible. Everyone has different health needs. Managing high-risk groups in the region, screening diseases to improve individual disease resistance, building a harmonious community, improving the quality of the whole nation, and everyone enjoying health care are the goals of community nursing. Give priority to social benefits and adhere to the coordinated development of quality and speed.
Do a good job in health education
Community nurses should not only discover and evaluate the health problems of individuals, families and communities, but also make all residents in the community aware of the harm and take action to solve the problems. If many people don't know about cancer, then treating cancer patients is just like treating patients with infectious diseases. Because of this wrong understanding, it causes great psychological pressure to patients and affects their health recovery.
Provide nursing services as needed.
Community nurses provide appropriate nursing, referral, or use social resources according to personal special circumstances, as well as the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, such as giving basic nursing knowledge guidance (bathing, turning over, measuring blood pressure, etc.). ) to the families of cardiovascular patients who have been bedridden for a long time, so that patients can get correct, comfortable and safe care.
Optimize the community environment
Control (or try to eliminate) the social environment that threatens health or reduces interest in life. Community nurses should assist the relevant departments to do a good job in environmental safety, and eliminate accidents, infectious disease foci, drug addiction, water pollution, noise, air and soil pollution, domestic garbage disposal and other factors that threaten health.
Do a good health check.
Early detection, early treatment. Community nurses persuade people to give up bad health habits through various health screening and health assessment for residents.
Improve observation
Generally speaking, they work independently, so zero-distance residents can better observe the unfavorable factors affecting their health in the family environment. Community nurses should first judge, establish and solve problems.
Community Nursing Model II: Application of Community Experiential Teaching in Pediatric Nursing Abstract: 50 nursing students were tested with community experiential teaching method to observe the feasibility of this teaching method in pediatric nursing. The results show that this teaching method significantly improves the performance of nursing students' operational skills and is helpful to cultivate their professional cognitive ability. This teaching method is scientific, feasible and effective.
Keywords: experiential teaching; Community experiential teaching; Pediatric nursing
Experiential learning generally refers to the way for learners to participate in practical activities and acquire new knowledge, skills and attitudes through cognition, experience and perception. This learning method began in Britain in the 1940s. 194 1 Kurt Hahn, a German teacher who moved to Britain, founded an "outdoor school" in Wales to train the survival and management abilities, as well as psychological and personality qualities of military personnel, business people, students and other groups, creating a precedent for experiential training institutions [1]. In recent years, China's basic teaching has also begun to explore experiential learning. This teaching method is widely used in physics and chemistry teaching in primary and secondary schools, economic management courses in colleges and universities, e-commerce, marketing, workplace training and other courses, such as case teaching, role experience teaching, scenario simulation teaching, emotional experience teaching and other forms belong to the category of experience teaching.
Pediatric nursing is the main course in higher nursing education system, which is divided into two parts: theory and skill operation. In the traditional pediatric nursing teaching, due to the limitation of teaching conditions, all practical courses adopt baby models to simulate the nursing process. In order to further improve the teaching effect, the author conducted a community experiential teaching experiment for nursing students in his college.
1 data and methods
1. 1 general information All the nursing students enrolled in our hospital in September 201February were female, aged 18 ~ 20 years old. 40 students were randomly selected and divided into two groups, one for the experimental group and the other for the control group, with 20 students in each group.
1.2 Methods The experimental group and the control group received the same classroom theoretical teaching and infant model demonstration nursing operation. After the research, the experimental group conducted the following intervention experiments: 20 students in the experimental group were randomly divided into 10 study groups, and nursing points were set up in community service stations to give free demonstrations for healthy infants aged 3- 12 months, and oral knowledge was reached with their 10 family members. Every Tuesday afternoon, the baby is taken to the community service station for students to get in touch with the baby. The probation period is 1 month. The control group practiced with baby model in the laboratory.
After the standard test of 1.3, it was evaluated from seven aspects: weight measurement, body length (height) measurement, diaper changing, baby bathing, restraint, milk preparation and bottle feeding. After the research, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the students in the experimental group, including: ① Are you willing to accept experiential teaching? ② What are the problems and difficulties encountered in experiential teaching? (3) What effect does experiential teaching have on your learning? What kind of influence do you think experiential teaching will have on your future work?
Two results
2. 1 Comparison of surgical scores before and after intervention. After the experiment lasted 1 month, the nursing performance of the experimental group and the control group were evaluated respectively, as shown in table 1. There were significant differences in weight measurement, body length (height) measurement, diaper changing, baby bathing and restraint between the two groups (P
2.2 Interview results of experimental group students After the experiment, all the interviewed experimental group students are willing or very willing to accept experiential teaching, as shown in Table 2. Among the difficulties and problems encountered, the main ones are: in the classroom or baby simulation nursing, the real baby has never been thought to be lively and active, so that there is no way to start when facing it; Lack of mastery of infant care; The baby's crying made ordinary care extremely difficult; It is difficult to communicate with babies. 90% students believe that experiential teaching has a positive impact on learning. As for the impact on the future work, 20% of the students think that they are not suitable for the future work related to baby-rearing, and 30% of the students think that they particularly like this kind of work. The remaining 50% students think this is a positive influence, which is conducive to the choice of future job nature.
3 discussion
3. 1 community experiential teaching cycle mode * * * Karet experiential teaching mode I consists of six parts (oval box in figure 1). Perception is the beginning of new learning, then experience, then sharing and communication, then integration, and finally applying the new knowledge learned. This is a circular pattern [2]. The experiential teaching of pediatric nursing is exactly the same as Karet's. From the formation of abstract concepts (perception) in classroom teaching to the demonstration of model nursing (experience) in the teacher's laboratory, then students learn the nursing skills of the model (sharing and communication) in the laboratory, practice deepening operation (integration) many times, and finally carry out baby nursing (application) in the community (rectangle in figure 1). Experiential teaching pays more attention to practice than learning knowledge. The experimental results also show that the effect of simple practice operation with models in the laboratory is lower than that of nursing healthy babies in the community.
3.2 Community experiential teaching on students' operating skills. Among the seven nursing skills, five skills in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and all of them were statistically significant. It shows that experiential teaching is helpful to arouse students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning. Through community service points, students can enter the real nursing work scene, which is helpful to cultivate love and work patience, further promote students to enter the role and situation of professional nurses and master the main points of work. Therefore, after the end of the experimental period, students' performance in operational skills has been generally improved.
3.3 The impact of community experiential teaching on students' career planning Community experiential teaching is synchronized with students' theoretical study, which is completely different from the hospital clinical practice one year before graduation. In the process of professional quality training, we can experience pediatric nursing through practical actions to increase students' understanding of professional cognition, so as to accept and love what they are going to do psychologically. For students with unclear professional knowledge, such experiential teaching can further strengthen their understanding of the major. But for learning subjects, because of different interests, even in the face of the same thing, the experience will be different [3]. A small number of students really realize whether they can really accept such a work image in the future through such experiential learning, so as to better plan their lives.
4 abstract
In a word, community experiential teaching can give full play to the learning initiative and enthusiasm of nursing students in pediatric nursing teaching, improve the emotional level and technical level of professional learning, and play a key role in the process of transforming theory into practice. At the same time, it also played a certain professional cognitive role. However, the application of this method is still in the exploratory stage in China. Practice has proved that this teaching method is scientific, feasible and effective, hoping to provide an optimized teaching method for the training of specialized nurses.
References:
Zhang Yongchun Jiang Zhixia Liang Yuanyuan. Application status and progress of experiential learning in nursing teaching [J]. Journal of Nurse Training, 201,26 (10): 880-882.
[2] Jiang Zhixia, He Qiong, Liang Yuanyuan. The Construction of Experiential Teaching Theory Model for Specialist Nurse Training [J]. Journal of Nurse Training, 2012,27 (4): 321-323.
[3] Xia,,,. Application and evaluation of experiential teaching in nursing aesthetics teaching [J]. Journal of Continuing Education for Nurses, 2012,27 (17):1559-151.
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