Li Shangyin's Jinse, Li Yu's Yu Meiren (when is the spring flowers and the autumn moon), Su Shi's Nian Nu Jiao (no return to the river) and Xin Qiji's Yong Yu Le (eternal farewell).
1, "Encourage learning"
"Encouraging Learning" is an essay written by Xunzi, a thinker and writer in the Warring States Period. This paper comprehensively and profoundly discusses the related problems of learning from the aspects of the importance, attitude, content and method of learning, which systematically embodies Xunzi's educational thought.
The full text can be divided into four paragraphs, the first paragraph expounds the importance of learning, the second paragraph expounds the correct attitude towards learning, the third paragraph describes the content and method of learning, and the fourth paragraph expounds the final destination of learning.
The language of the article is concise, the metaphor is appropriate, the reasoning is in-depth and the structure is rigorous, which represents the level of the mature stage of pre-Qin essays.
2. "Have a nice trip"
Happy Travel is the representative work of Zhuang Zhou, a philosopher and writer in the Warring States Period, and it can be regarded as the representative of Zhuangzi both ideologically and artistically.
The theme of this article is to pursue an absolutely free outlook on life. The author believes that only by forgetting the boundary between things and me, reaching the realm of no-self, inaction and namelessness, and swimming in infinity without any foundation, can we truly "roam freely".
3. Shi Shuo
Shi Shuo is an argumentative essay written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Explain the truth of learning from teachers, satirize the world where teachers are ashamed, educate young people, and play a role in changing the atmosphere.
This paper lists positive and negative examples, compares and demonstrates repeatedly, discusses the necessity and principle of learning from teachers, criticizes the bad habit of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" in society at that time, shows extraordinary courage and fighting spirit, and also shows the spirit of expressing opinions independently regardless of the secular.
Although the full text is not long, it has profound implications, distinct arguments, rigorous structure, thorough reasoning and strong persuasiveness and appeal.
4. Epang Palace Fu
"Epang Palace Fu" is a fu created by Du Mu, a writer in Tang Dynasty. Through the description of the construction and destruction of Epang Palace, this paper vividly summarizes the historical lessons of the Qin rulers' arrogance and extravagance, and warns the Tang rulers, showing the feelings of an upright scholar who cares about the country and the people and helps the people.
The full text uses imagination, metaphor and exaggeration, as well as description, arrangement and discussion. , is a combination of parallel prose and patchwork. The language of the article is concise, neat and not piled up, rich and flashy, vigorous and bold.
5. "Red Cliff Fu"
"Red Cliff Fu" is a fu created by Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082) when Song Shenzong relegated Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei).
This poem describes what the author and his friends saw and felt when they went boating in Chibi on a moonlit night. Taking the author's subjective feelings as a clue, through the form of subject-object question and answer, it reflects the author's liberation from boating on a moonlit night to drawing lessons from a painful experience and then to philosophy.
Quan Fu embodies its unique artistic conception in layout and structural arrangement, with deep feelings and profound thoughts. It has a high literary position in the history of China literature and has a great influence on later Fu, prose and poetry.