Writing scenery and expressing emotion
If you want to impress readers, you should write a lyrical article.
Love is true and literature is beautiful. Only when love is true can readers enjoy beauty.
Key points of composition writing
First, the principle of determining the theme of the article
The article should meet the needs of social reality and embody the spirit of the times. The spirit of the times refers to the spirit that promotes the progress of the times in a certain historical period and embodies the characteristics and development direction of the times. The theme should grasp the pulse of the times, answer the urgent questions raised by the times and reflect advanced ideas.
We should reflect the truth and essence of objective things. The theme should faithfully reproduce the original appearance of objective things, not stay in the appearance, but profoundly remind the internal regularity of things.
We should consider the author's subjective conditions. This mainly means that the author must be familiar with and understand the writing object, and the author should have the initial feelings and strong writing enthusiasm.
Second, the correct way to refine the theme
Refining the theme is to use various ways of thinking to dig deep into the internal meaning of the article materials, thus forming some unique ideas or things. The theme of refining should be: 1, based on all materials, and extract the correct ideas from all the materials we have. 2. Explore the essence of things, abandon appearances, explore the inner meaning of things, and reflect the essence and regularity of things. The author should stand at the height of the times, gain insight into the essence of things and deepen the depth of excavation; The author should also consider the expressive functions of different articles such as narration, discussion, explanation and lyricism, and explore the essence of things from different sides. 3. Choose a novel and unique angle to explore the novelty of things. A new angle refers to a new observation angle (exploring the theme from different sides) and a new understanding angle (expressing the author's unique point of view).
Third, briefly describe the relationship between material and theme.
Material is the basis for refining and forming the theme. The theme is refined and determined in the process of analyzing the research materials. The material is primary and the theme is secondary. 2. Materials are the means to express the deep theme, and the theme is expressed or proved by certain materials. 3. The choice and organization of materials are restricted by the theme. When the theme is not formed, the material plays a decisive role in the theme refining; Once the theme is determined, it becomes the most important basis for selecting or arranging materials. The choice, details and transformation of materials should obey the needs of expressing the theme and prevent the material from being out of touch with the theme.
Four, the basic requirements of material selection
To meet the needs of the theme. The selection of materials serves to express the theme and cannot be divorced from or contradicted with the theme. 2. Be true and conclusive. The truth of materials refers to the truth in the strict sense and the truth in the essence of things. The authenticity of materials means that they are both accurate and appropriate. 3. Be typical. Typical materials are materials with unity of individuality and generality and unity of concreteness and universality. It is concrete and individual, and can reflect the essential characteristics and universal significance of similar things. 4. Be novel and vivid. The material strives for concrete images and intimate suspense, which is a little-known new discovery and adapts to the stylistic characteristics (the narrative material is concrete and infectious; Argumentative materials are general and logical; The description material should reveal the characteristics of the object.
Basic requirements of verb (abbreviation of verb) structure
Integrity. All parts of the article should form a perfect and unified whole; All parts should be relatively complete, and cannot be incomplete without reason; Each part should occupy an appropriate position in the article. 2. Coherence. It means that all parts of the article are interrelated in the context of the content, and there is a close connection and reasonable transition in the form of language, and the context cannot be disordered and broken. 3. rigidity. There is a close logical connection between the parts of the article, which cannot be contradictory or irrelevant. The full text has inherent cohesion. 4. Flexibility. The article is diverse in structure, lively and not rigid and dull.
Six, try to describe the basic principle of the structure.
Reflect the internal relations and laws of things. The structure of narrative articles is closely related to the stage and order of things' development, forming a concept of time and space that conforms to the original order of objective processes; Argumentative writing reflects the process of understanding things from phenomenon to essence, from part to whole, from analysis to synthesis, and its structure is often to ask questions and draw conclusions. 2, in line with the author's ideas. Thinking is the author's thinking route. The author's thinking process should follow the same law of human thinking, and it also condenses the author's unique understanding and feelings about things. 3. Obey the need to express the theme. 4. Adapt to stylistic features. Structure is restricted by style. Narratives are written in time and space order, and argumentative essays focus on horizontal classification or vertical depth.
Seven. Summarize the basic content of the structure.
The content of the structure includes three aspects: hierarchy and paragraph, transition and reference, beginning and end. Hierarchy is a structural unit that expresses meaning by arranging the order of the ideological content of the article as a whole and expanding the structure and steps of the article. A paragraph is a relatively independent structural unit set by the author in an article, which begins and ends with a space at the beginning of the paragraph. Paragraphs should be single in meaning, complete in content and moderate in length. Transition refers to the cohesive form or means between paragraphs and levels. Common transition methods are: using related words, using transition names and using transition segments. There are two common situations that require transition: one is when the content changes, and the other is when the expression changes. Reference is a structural means of responding before calling. There are three kinds of common citation situations: beginning and end citation (which can be divided into two types: point citation and problem-solving citation), and mutual citation in citation (which can be divided into two types: far citation and recent photo citation). Citation is an important means to make the structure rigorous and vivid, which can make the composition flexible and dense, connect the context and strengthen the key content.
The function of the beginning of a good article: it is conducive to expressing the theme and expanding ideas; Conducive to attracting and guiding readers. The common opening ways of argumentative essays are to come straight to the point, explain the writing background or motivation, and detour into the topic. The function of the end of a good article: the full text; Unforgettable The main ways to end an argumentative paper are: summarizing or reaffirming the argument; Put forward hope or call; Imagine the ending.
Eight, the type of article structure
According to the temporal and spatial order of the existence and development of things, the narrative type of the structure can be divided into two types: the normal type and the abnormal type. Argumentative style, taking the internal causal relationship of concepts as the main basis of structure. It can be divided into total score type, parallel column type and progressive type. Descriptive, laid out in the inherent order of things themselves. Comprehensive type, often based on one structural type, supplemented by other types.
9. Comparison between the first-person narrative and the third-person narrative.
The first person narrates things in a tone, which is convenient for the author to fully express his thoughts and feelings and makes people feel cordial and true when reading. Its limitation is that it can only describe what I have seen and heard, rather than what I have experienced, which reflects that the breadth of life is limited. The third person narrates in the third person's tone as an outsider, which is not limited by the narrative scope and can reflect life more widely. Its limitation is the lack of first-person intimacy.
X. Common narrative methods
Sequential narration: Narrating according to the sequence of occurrence and development of characters experience or events. 2. Flashback: A narrative that puts the ending of the event or the prominent fragments in the event in front, and then describes the development process of the event in chronological order. 3. Interpolation: insert another narrative about the event in the narrative process, and then connect with the narrative written by the original main line. 4. Supplementary narrative: To supplement the narrative of previous events without developing the original plot. 5. Simple narrative: a separate parallel narrative of two or more things that happen at the same time.
XI。 Briefly describe the basic requirements of narration.
Explain clearly: explain clearly the time, place, people, events, causes and effects. 2. Clear clues: Clues are the reflection of the author's ideas of organizing materials, and they are the ideas and clues that run through the development of narrative characters and events. Narrative clues can be arranged according to the development of time, the transformation of space, the division of problems, the changes of thoughts and feelings, or according to a specific object and other styles. 3. Appropriate details: describe the primary and secondary details of the material to express the needs of the theme and make reasonable tailoring. 4, ups and downs: refers to the narrative twists and turns, rich in change, fascinating.
Twelve. Describe requirements
1. The purpose is clear: to describe it from the perspective of expressing the theme, portraying the characters and rendering the atmosphere. 2. Outstanding features: use the art of "eye painting" to grasp the essential characteristics of the object to be described and describe it. 3. Both form and spirit: the harmonious unity of form and spirit not only vividly shows the external appearance and modality of the object, but also reveals the internal details and spirit of the described object.
For the guidance of some of the above writing methods, candidates need to understand and deal with them flexibly according to the materials and requirements of the test paper.