Write a summary first, then a preface. It is the essence of the full text, a summary of a scientific research work or technical practice, and a summary of research purposes, methods and results.

Before the main part, the purpose is to let readers know the content of the paper first, so as to decide whether to read the full text. Generally speaking, this kind of abstract is written after the full text is completed.

The number of words is limited to 100 ~ 150, including the research purpose, research methods, research results and main conclusions. In other words, the abstract must answer questions such as "what to study", "how to study", "what results have been achieved" and "what does the result show".

Citation annotation

In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.

In order to reflect the scientific basis of the article, the author should respect the seriousness of other people's research results and provide readers with the sources of relevant information. Generally, a list of references should be listed at the end of the text.

Citation should be based on original documents and first-hand information. All quotations from other people's opinions or words, whether published or not, whether printed or electronic, must indicate the source or be annotated.