The ability to debate papers

Kant Nietzsche Schopenhauer,

Bacon Russell Marx,

Hume Rousseau Descartes,

Sartre, Locke and Plato.

This poem is called "Wittgenstein is so awesome, why didn't I know it before, because his name is too long".

Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna on April 26th, 1989. Although his father is not the richest man in Europe, he is also extremely rich. At that time, Vienna was full of stars, and many writers, artists, musicians and scientists emerged. The Wittgenstein family keeps close contact with these people. For example, Brahms, Mahler and Richard strauss often go to his house. Nevertheless, Xiao Wei is not happy, because his father's family education is very strict and exclusive, and Xiao Wei can't study according to his own interests.

Before the age of fourteen, Xiao Wei didn't go to school, but studied at home. Because his two gay brothers committed suicide, his father sent him to a public middle school. Xiao Wei was a thinking child since he was a child, and he was also an aristocrat. Therefore, in this public boys' school, Xiao Wei thinks all his classmates are "smelly dung". But Xiao Wei also noticed that a classmate named Adolf Hitler also liked philosophy and thinking. They had a good chat. Xiao Wei had some ideological influence on George W. Chytra ... This was supplemented by everyone's brains. There is no evidence of contact with Xiao.

Wittgenstein was admitted to an unknown university and studied engineering (he was very talented in machinery and made a sewing machine by himself at the age of ten). If you want to study engineering, you have to study mathematics, so you became interested in mathematics and logic and read Russell's Principles of Mathematics.

19 1 1 year, Wittgenstein, who was interested in philosophy and logic, went to Cambridge to find Russell. Russell found that Wittgenstein was a genius, not an ordinary genius, but a model of genius. So, 22-year-old Wittgenstein became Russell's student. Luo's "Principles of Mathematics" written in ten years has almost exhausted all his creativity, and he urgently needs a successor. In front of Russell, Wittgenstein is like a wayward child. After class, he still chased Russell until Russell's house, and he didn't even go to change his clothes. At Russell's house, "running around like a wild animal and not saying a word for three hours", Russell asked, "Are you thinking about logic or your sin?" He replied, "Both." Say that finish and continue to turn around. Wittgenstein doesn't regard himself as an outsider in the Rossu family at all.

19 14 After the outbreak of World War I, Wittgenstein, who was exempted from military service, joined the army. The war had a great influence on Wittgenstein. Fortunately, he didn't die. He wrote a note on1914-1916. 191811In June, Wittgenstein finished the Theory of Logical Philosophy in the prison camp.

Because of Wittgenstein's obscurity, the publication of On Logical Philosophy was rejected many times. The publishing house will let the celebrity write the introduction for a while, and then let him pay for the printing himself. Genvite was very angry. He believes that "the world must accept it in an appropriate way". As for the evaluation of celebrities, "the world-famous Lord Russell" undertook and wrote a long introduction. However, after reading Russell's introduction, Witt said: It's really not good, and I don't want to print it with my book, although it may not be published. As expected, without Russell's introduction, the publishing house refused to publish, and Witt had tried his best to give up. Fortunately, Russell was generous enough to ask someone to contact the publication before it was published as a paper. It was not until 1922, with the help of Russell, that The Theory of Logical Philosophy was officially published in Britain, which had great influence in Germany, Austria and Britain.

It is worth mentioning that Mr. Zhang Shenfu translated The Theory of Logical Philosophy at 1927 and published it in Philosophical Review. This is the first time that this book has been translated into a language other than English. Mr. Zhang Shenfu is really amazing. Please worship him. (In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Zhang took a book called "Horse Elephant" with him ... Why? )

Geniuses are willful and confident. After the publication of this book, Wittgenstein felt that all the problems of philosophy had been solved by himself, and then philosophy would come to an end and the philosophy department would be closed. His fans are also very sure of this.

1920, Wittgenstein gave up his father's huge wealth and went to the mountains in southern Austria as a primary school teacher with aristocratic enthusiasm. During his years as a primary school teacher, his parents didn't like him, and he was deeply depressed. He once lost patience with some children and gave them corporal punishment. On the other hand, Wittgenstein compiled a dictionary for children, took them to assemble steam engines, paid for their own trips, and taught them to identify rocks and plants along the way. For gifted children, Wittgenstein was even more caring, and even proposed to adopt one of them, but the father of that child refused this "crazy guy".

1926, Wittgenstein, who was always incompatible with adults, left the "vulgar and stupid southern peasants" and ended his teaching career. When the teacher failed, Wittgenstein worked as a gardener's assistant in a monastery. His sister was worried about his mental state, so she commissioned him to design the house. Later, the house was used as the Bulgarian embassy. I have seen photos of this house, which is very well designed and has a very modern design style.

1927, Wittgenstein got to know the members of the "Vienna Group" whose program was based on his works, and was invited to participate in some activities. After a brief contact, Wittgenstein rejected their circle.

1928 In the spring, after listening to a speech by mathematician Brouwer, Wittgenstein rekindled his strong desire to explore philosophy.

1929, Wittgenstein returned to Cambridge, and Keynes, the father of macroeconomics, met him at the station. Keynes said, "God is coming, and I will meet him on the 5: 15 train."

Russell, Moore and Ramsey, as mentors, presided over Dr. Wittgenstein's defense. Moore has been silent. He knows Wei's bad temper. After the defense was completed, Wittgenstein patted the two teachers on the shoulder and said, don't worry, I know you don't understand. Moore's evaluation of Wei's thesis is: I think he is a genius, and his thesis is definitely beyond the standard of doctor.

Wittgenstein stayed to teach philosophy after passing the doctoral defense in Cambridge.

1938, Wittgenstein wanted to go to the Soviet Union to "be an ordinary laborer" and was told that "being a professor is ok, but don't do anything else. The most important thing in our country is strong labor. "

1939, Wittgenstein became a professor of philosophy at Cambridge University.

1946, 10 year125 October, Popper visited Cambridge and met Wittgenstein at the academic seminar. They argued, "Is there any philosophical problem?" . Wittgenstein believes that there are no real philosophical problems, only language difficulties.

Bo: Do we know things through our senses? Do we acquire knowledge by induction?

V: This is a question of logic!

Wave: Is there potential or even actual infinity?

V: This is a math problem!

Bo: What about moral issues and the effectiveness of moral rules?

Wittgenstein sat in front of the fire and played with a poker. From time to time, he pointed with a poker and strongly emphasized his argument. He is impatient with the audience whose intelligence can't meet his requirements, and even violent tendencies have always existed.

Wittgenstein heard this question, pointed a stick at Popper and said, then give an example of moral rules!

Don't threaten your guests with sticks, Pope said.

Wittgenstein flew into a rage, threw down his stick, rushed out of the room and slammed the door.

The above famous "Poker Event" comes from Popper's self-report. Later, it was verified that for Wei, he didn't know who Pope was. But Popper made full preparations for this debate and got Russell's support. It is common for Wei to be rude to the audience, such as slamming the door and gesturing with something. In other words, the waves that Popper stirred up in Victoria's heart were far smaller than Popper imagined.

It is said that after the poker incident, Popper immediately wrote a letter full of joy to all European philosophers he knew, beginning with: "I was beaten by Wittgenstein in Newton's office occupied by Russell." Of course, this is probably exaggerated by the entertainment book. At that time, Wittgenstein and Turing choked for a whole semester, and no one commented. The "Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker Poker After all, "one is chasing the other with fire chopsticks."

1947, Wittgenstein, who firmly believed that "professor of philosophy" was an "absurd job", resigned and concentrated on thinking and writing.

When Wittgenstein became a prisoner of war in World War I, his sister used money and connections to win people's hearts and achieved success, but Wittgenstein felt that he should be in a prison camp and did not accept it. After the war, Wittgenstein divided his huge legacy among his brothers and sisters. Why not give it to the poor? He explained that he didn't want to see the poor who had been good become corrupt because of money, and his relatives were corrupt enough anyway. Since then, Wittgenstein has really practiced his viewpoint: being a primary school teacher, being a gardener, and making ointment for hospitals ..... Wittgenstein lived a simple life, immersed himself in the wonderful spiritual world brought by his extraordinary wisdom all his life, and the secular pursuit never entered his eyes. He seems to be a neat freak about money, too. He doesn't accept anything that he didn't earn. From becoming rich voluntarily to his death, he didn't have any money. He went to see Russell on 19 19 and had no money to buy a ticket. Russell moved the furniture he left in Cambridge to his home, so he bought it and gave Victor 100 yuan. Two years later, in order to let Wittgenstein go to London, he added 200 yuan to the furniture, saying that he didn't want to take advantage of Wittgenstein.

1949, Wittgenstein learned that he had cancer, and he calculated his savings, which could last for almost two years. He said, "I don't know what will happen after that. Maybe I won't live that long." At the end of his life, Wittgenstein's savings were spent, and his students applied for the Rockefeller Foundation for him. However, in his letter to the foundation, he said, "Because of my current health and mental retardation, I can't accept funding."

1951On April 29th, Wittgenstein died of prostate cancer. His last words were:

Tell them my life is wonderful.

Wittgenstein once said ten words:

1. The meaning of the world must be outside the world.

Causality is the biggest superstition in the world.

3. Doubt about everything is no longer doubt.

Don't play with things buried in other people's hearts.

A man can see what he has, but he can't see what he is.

6. When you say "no", be like a wall, not like a door.

7. Don't take others' example as your life guide.

8. Not deceiving yourself is the hardest thing in the world.

9. Needless to say; What must be said is exactly what cannot be said.