1. What is a scientific paper? Some students regard writing scientific papers as mysterious and think that it is a matter for scientists, which is unattainable for us children. This is a complete misunderstanding. Students can not only write, but also write high-quality papers. Scientific papers written by scientific workers refer to scientific research reports written by the author through experiments, observation and other means, and then through analysis and research according to the scientific research projects and determined scientific research topics. The scientific papers written by students are shorter and shallower than those written by scientists. In fact, a scientific paper is a written summary of the achievements made by students through scientific observation, experiment or investigation in extracurricular scientific activities. Its manifestations are various: it can be a conclusion drawn after careful observation and in-depth thinking about something; It can be the conclusion of analysis after hands-on experiment; It can also be a summary after a local investigation; You can also draw a conclusion through logical reasoning ... So, are there any quality standards for scientific papers? Yes It must have "three characteristics". 1, science. Scientificity is one of the important characteristics that distinguish scientific papers from other genres, and it is the life of scientific papers. It requires scientific topics, correct research methods, conclusive arguments, reasonable and logical arguments, and concise and accurate words. 2. Creativity. The topic selection and main viewpoints of small papers should have their own new discoveries and unique opinions, which have certain practical significance to people's production and life. The same small paper has not participated in scientific seminars at all levels, nor has it been published in newspapers at all levels. Of course, if you further study on the basis of other people's research, it is also feasible and creative to put forward novel, unique and fully demonstrated views. 3. practicality. The title of the paper must be discovered by the author himself in scientific exploration activities; The arguments supporting the main points must be obtained by the author through observation, investigation, experiment and other research methods, and have practical basis; The paper must be written by the author himself. There can be no signs of fabrication, speculation or adult substitution. The above "three natures" are the quality standards for measuring scientific papers. If you write Sunflower, although your observation is meticulous, your posture description is vivid and your character analysis is perfect, if you can't get a scientific and meaningful conclusion, it can only be regarded as a good essay or observation diary, not a scientific essay. Writing scientific papers is a very hard work and a very meaningful activity. Success belongs to young friends who are brave in exploration and unremitting pursuit! Second, the types of scientific essays The most common forms of scientific essays are scientific observation essays, scientific experiment essays, scientific investigation essays and scientific explanation essays. (1) scientific observation composition refers to teenagers' careful observation of a certain thing or natural phenomenon, careful analysis and comprehensive study of the obtained materials and data, and then draw conclusions and make scientific explanations and explanations. It should be noted that the research object in scientific observation essay is an objective natural thing or phenomenon, which occurs under the condition of natural light and is not controlled by human beings, so the content described in this paper should be the object, process, conditions and various phenomena observed by the author, and no artificial conditions or personal prejudice can be attached. In addition, observation is a long-term, systematic and repeated activity, which requires the patience, meticulousness and perseverance of the author. (II) Essays on Scientific Experiments Essays on scientific experiments, sometimes called "experimental reports", are articles in which teenagers create specific conditions for the research objects, analyze the obtained materials and data after repeated experiments, and draw comprehensive conclusions. It focuses on the objective description of the experimental process and the scientific explanation of experimental phenomena. The purpose of the experiment is clear, the experimental steps are detailed, the data are accurate, the explanation is strong, and the conclusion is true and credible. It is an excellent scientific experiment essay. (3) Scientific Investigation Essay If you want to study the pollution degree of a certain water area closely related to people's life, the air pollution source of a certain place, and find out the evolution process, animal and plant resources and distribution of strange rocks and mountains in a certain range, you have to make a field trip. A small paper written through investigation, interview and field investigation is called a scientific investigation small paper. Sometimes it is also called "scientific investigation report" and "scientific investigation report". In the article "Evergreen Water of Zhushengtian Reservoir", which won the first prize in the 5th National Youth Science Symposium, the author made a field investigation on the geographical and ecological environment and water storage capacity of the reservoir, and made a field measurement as far as possible, found out the hidden dangers of the reservoir and put forward more reasonable suggestions. This paper expounds the time, object, content and conclusion of comprehensive analysis, and draws "Rain Collection Map of Shengtian Reservoir" and "Schematic Diagram of Strong Erosion in Zhongshan City", combining with some practical data, so that readers can have a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the investigation object. When writing a small paper on scientific investigation, it is sometimes specimens or photos of animals, plants, rocks, soil, etc. It should be attached to the text to enhance persuasiveness. (IV) Scientific Explanatory Essay Scientific explanatory essay refers to a kind of article in which the author uses accurate information to explain and explain a natural phenomenon or thing. Generally speaking, it does not directly adopt research methods such as observation, experiment and investigation, but mainly obtains rich second-hand information from books, periodicals and teachers, and expounds a certain point of view in a language it understands through its own comprehensive analysis and logical reasoning. "Why Guiyang is the Second Spring City of the Motherland" is a small paper that won the third prize of the Second National Youth Science Seminar. The author's research methods have their own characteristics. First, insist on using radio and television records to sort out the weather and temperature in Guiyang and Kunming; Second, using the ready-made scientific research achievement "China Climate Atlas", find out the representative temperature situation in Chongqing and Beijing and compare it with Guiyang and Kunming; The third is to verify the average temperature of Kunming and Guiyang in June, April, July and June, and then draw a conclusion through comprehensive analysis. Although this kind of articles are not supported by the first three personal practices, they put forward new ideas and opinions through careful collection and comprehensive analysis by the author, so they are also recognized as scientific essays. I want to remind you in particular, to write a short scientific explanation paper, and never ask a question and look up the information in a hurry, and then write it down without analysis. Such an article without new ideas and new insights can only be regarded as a general popular science article, not as a scientific essay, and it can't cultivate your ability to study problems. Third, the topic selection of scientific papers The first step in writing a small paper is to determine the research object and consider what problems to study. This is the topic. Some people say that choosing a good topic is equivalent to completing half of a small paper, which shows the importance of choosing a topic for a small paper. Some students said that there are too many wonderful phenomena in nature. What should we study? Some students said that I was used to seeing everything in nature and found nothing novel. Besides, what I want to study has already been studied by others, and it doesn't make much sense to write it. In fact, as long as you understand the basic principles of topic selection, master several common methods of topic selection, and be a serious and responsible person in your daily study, life and scientific and technological activities, you will certainly find topics worth discussing. There are many ways to choose the topic of scientific papers, and individuals can choose according to different situations. The following are some common methods of selecting topics for students' reference. 1, accidental discovery method. One Sunday, Songzi's classmate Hu Changcheng was playing in the ditch behind the house. There are many tadpoles swimming around in the ditch. Suddenly, he found a little tadpole swimming alone, as if it were out of place with other tadpoles. He used twigs to pull the tadpoles out of the group into groups of tadpoles, and soon it swam alone again. He was surprised, so he and several other groups of tadpoles were put in bottles and kept at home for observation. Finally, the unsociable tadpoles became frogs, and the others grew into toads. Through long-term observation, it made clear the difference between the frog and the toad's youngest son and wrote an excellent article. This kind of topic is not considered in advance, but only interested in the fleeting phenomenon discovered by accident, so as to seize it and seek the source. 2. Classroom extension method. In the primary school science class "Animals and Environment", students studied the relationship between earthworms and light, temperature and humidity, and found that earthworms like dark, supermarket and warm environment, and learned to experiment with the difference method to judge the wrong causal relationship. After class, you can study the living environment of centipedes, crickets, ants and other small animals with the methods you have learned. You can continue to study other mysteries of earthworms: for example, does earthworms have eyes? Can earthworms open their ears? Earthworms' regeneration ability, soil loosening ability, etc.