Question 2: How to write the objectives, contents and key points of the project research? How to conduct project research after determining the research topic or obtaining the project approval? This is an important issue often mentioned by educators, especially primary and secondary school teachers. There are various research methods, but there is always a basic procedure. Project research procedures, including making project research plans, research topics, data collection, data collation, project summary, etc. 1. How to grasp the research problems, how to sort out the research ideas, and how to design the topics and research plans reasonably and normatively are the difficulties that primary and secondary school teachers often encounter at present. Formulate the project research plan, including: accurately expressing and decomposing research problems, transforming research problems into hypotheses, determining research methods, arranging research plans and division of labor, organizing and coordinating project research, etc. (A) decomposition of research objectives, grasp the starting point. 1, determine the research goal and determine the research topic, generally determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. A research topic can't cover everything, but we must consider the research background, narrow the research scope, grasp the research angle and find the right research topic. Before starting the research, we must do in-depth research, so as to accurately grasp the research theme, decompose the research problems, decompose the overall goal into several specific goals, grasp the research breakthrough point, and make a good overall research plan. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives. 2. Choose the research breakthrough point: First, choose from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to seek from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science. (two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods. 1. A topic, especially a comprehensive topic, involves rich research contents, including multiple relationships, multiple contradictions and multi-level problems, which has a certain depth and breadth, and there must be a pair of basic relationships, contradictions or problems. The significance of finding out the basic relationship accurately lies in finding the breakthrough point of the research, which makes the research thinking clear and operable. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed. 2. Basic research methods. Educational research methods include main methods and auxiliary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement, questionnaire, etc. 3. There are many ways to use and choose the research methods: one is the main method, the other is the comprehensive application of various methods; A variety of methods are used together and alternately, and each method complements each other; There are also single methods, but few. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards. First, take the continuity of research as the standard and determine the method according to the direction of continuity. For example, choose vertical research methods to track the development process of things; In order to study different objects at the same time, the horizontal research method is chosen. The second is to choose different research methods according to the technical means adopted in the research. For example, when conducting routine research, natural observation, test experiment, investigation and interview are selected. The research is carried out by modern technical means, and different technical equipment is selected for detection and adjustment. (3) Theoretical thinking and research hypothesis. What is a research hypothesis? Research hypothesis is the research result (also called "semi-finished product") predicted by researchers when the concept in the research problem is transformed into a variable that can be measured through observation. Research hypothesis is a proposition that states the relationship between two (or more) variables, and it is an important link in scientific research. We must actively carry out theoretical thinking and put forward research hypotheses. First, actively think rationally. Hypothesis is an expectation that has not been proved by practice. It is a tentative theory that combines reasoning and judgment in the process of human thinking. Bold assumptions and careful verification have always been the correct way for scientific research and exploration. According to the understanding of the research object, we can infer unknown guesses and inferences from the known, including various possible theoretical understandings or preliminary conclusions, and make inferences before conducting research. The second is to master the basic standards of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis should have four criteria: first, it can explain the expected relationship between two or more variables; Second, researchers should have clear reasons to explain whether this hypothesis is worth testing; Third, the hypothesis should be testable; Fourth, the assumption should be as simple and clear as possible. The third is to clarify the basic steps of the formation of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis is subjective ... >>
Question 3: How to fill in the division of labor in medical research projects? Firstly, write down the composition of researchers in the existing project team, including several senior titles, several intermediate titles, several doctors and several masters, and clarify the division of labor of each person. You can also list the above situations. Then you can also write about the cooperative unit or external experts, such as how many people there are in the cooperative unit and the source and nature of external experts, such as inviting a well-known professor from a university to give technical guidance once a month. You can also write that in order to ensure the smooth completion of the project, you plan to introduce several senior engineers, engineers, doctors and masters, and explain what the imported personnel will do. In addition, the equipment of the project team should be perfect and reasonable, including high-level technical leaders (experts, professors, etc. ), the backbone (doctors, engineers, R&D managers, etc. ) and general staff (specific development designers, testers, managers, etc. ). In short, it should reflect the team's ability and organizational perfection.
Question 4: How to write the division of labor in the project? The first is the business objectives. The most important thing is that after the company has hardware, products and services, through the investigation of market demand, the sales plan made by the company at different growth stages, such as when to achieve what kind of sales, how long to recover costs, how long to achieve profitability and so on. These are the goals to be set first.
Service items are products or services that you should have thought about before setting up this company and selected through your judgment on the market. You can't set up a company before you think about any projects. Without this, what is the purpose of your company? Maybe what you are talking about is to re-select some projects that are more suitable for this enterprise under the company's existing business projects, but only if you have a service project from the beginning. The last respondent has said this question once in the first sentence. This is very important.
Trademark, not everyone will think about this issue. It depends on whether the founders have any expectations or lofty goals for the future. If the company's decision-makers are willing and able to invest in scientific research innovation, marketing planning, advertising, brand innovation, etc., they can make their own brands. It depends on whether the business owner only focuses on being an agent, a distributor, a processing agent, and speculation, and whether he focuses on ironing the bones left by others. Choosing to be your own trademark and brand can only be done under the right conditions. Because after the birth of an enterprise, the first thing to face is survival. Being a brand is equal to the rebirth of the enterprise. If you don't do it carefully, you will be stillborn. If it's finished. In the future, we can at least lay a certain foundation for laying more mountains and rivers in the market where the products are located.
The division of labor depends on which fields are suitable for the shareholders who start the company or the followers of the boss. It varies from person to person. Shareholders should clarify their equity. There are people who are willing to take care of it, and there will also be people who just like to be the shopkeeper of cutting and waiting for dividends.
Finally, policy makers should understand one thing in particular. Under the current market economy system in China, the market is irregular and disorderly. In doing business, we can't completely copy the successful experience of others, and we can't just rely on the theoretical guidance learned from books to do business. On the surface, you are facing the market. In fact, the market is first and foremost a social person. As long as you understand people and society, you can succeed with your own experience. The people you're dealing with, the customers. * * *, not everyone has laws to follow in any position, and law enforcement is civilized. Whether starting a business or inheriting an industry, we must face this reality. Some people do things easily, and there are many gray areas in business where entrepreneurs don't like to get involved but have no choice but to get involved. It is necessary to deal with the authorities. Not without this. If successful, it will have to go through a very difficult and bumpy process.
Question 5: How to write a project research plan (or opening report) has format requirements. Generally, it includes: subject name, background, reasons, summary of domestic and foreign achievements, research content, objectives, methods, steps and expected results. Please refer to the following one that I designed:
1. Title: Feasibility study of artificial intelligence.
2. Origin of the topic: With the development of the times, the social division of labor is becoming more and more complicated, and some jobs are very dangerous. On the other hand, with the improvement of economic level, people's living needs are getting higher and higher, and more and more people urgently need to enter the enjoyment level from the consumption level. The purpose of people's production is to pursue a better life. The contradiction between the two causes the existing manpower to fail to meet the needs of social production development, and a more developed and efficient production tool is urgently needed to replace manpower in the production process. Only in this way can people's quality of life be improved to the greatest extent, and the stress, tension and mental illness of modern people can be fundamentally alleviated, which is also conducive to the construction of our harmonious society. With the continuous development of computer technology, we see hope in it. It relies on computer technology to develop artificial intelligence and enter the field of production and life.
3. Purpose and significance of the research: This topic studies the feasibility of developing artificial intelligence by discussing the principle of artificial intelligence. The development of artificial intelligence will greatly improve social productivity, improve our quality of life, and contribute to social, cultural and educational reform.
4. Activity plan and activity steps: (including division of labor, if possible, it is best to add a timetable)
(1) The team leader is responsible for data collection, inquiry and arrangement, and completes the literature review on artificial intelligence;
(2) The two team members are responsible for understanding relevant theoretical knowledge such as artificial intelligence principles through data query;
(3) Two team members understand the feasibility of artificial intelligence by interviewing computer experts;
(4) All team members understand the working pressure of factory workers and people's living conditions through interviews and observations, and understand people's needs;
(5) All team members collate and analyze the information inquired and collected to complete the research.
5. Feasibility analysis:
(1) Our research group is very interested in computer technology and has a good foundation, especially in artificial intelligence.
(2) Contacted computer teachers and computer experts from scientific research institutes as instructors;
(3) There are many theoretical research results of artificial intelligence, which provide rich basic support for our research;
(4) We have collected a lot of relevant materials and books.
6. Division of labor among groups: (see 4)
7. Research methods: literature research, interview and observation.
8. Expected results: papers, research reports and interview investigation reports.
9. Presentation: slides, experimental models and oral reports.
Question 6: Steps and overall arrangement of project research How to write a project research plan (or opening report) has format requirements. Generally, it includes: subject name, background, reasons, summary of domestic and foreign achievements, research content, objectives, methods, steps and expected results. Please refer to the following one that I designed:
1. Title: Feasibility study of artificial intelligence.
2. Origin of the topic: With the development of the times, the social division of labor is becoming more and more complicated, and some jobs are very dangerous. On the other hand, with the improvement of economic level, people's living needs are getting higher and higher, and more and more people urgently need to enter the enjoyment level from the consumption level. The purpose of people's production is to pursue a better life. The contradiction between the two causes the existing manpower to fail to meet the needs of social production development, and a more developed and efficient production tool is urgently needed to replace manpower in the production process. Only in this way can people's quality of life be improved to the greatest extent, and the stress, tension and mental illness of modern people can be fundamentally alleviated, which is also conducive to the construction of our harmonious society. With the continuous development of computer technology, we see hope in it. It relies on computer technology to develop artificial intelligence and enter the field of production and life.
3. Purpose and significance of the research: This topic studies the feasibility of developing artificial intelligence by discussing the principle of artificial intelligence. The development of artificial intelligence will greatly improve social productivity, improve our quality of life, and contribute to social, cultural and educational reform.
4. Activity plan and activity steps: (including division of labor, if possible, it is best to add a timetable)
(1) The team leader is responsible for data collection, inquiry and arrangement, and completes the literature review on artificial intelligence;
(2) The two team members are responsible for understanding relevant theoretical knowledge such as artificial intelligence principles through data query;
(3) Two team members understand the feasibility of artificial intelligence by interviewing computer experts;
(4) All team members understand the working pressure of factory workers and people's living conditions through interviews and observations, and understand people's needs;
(5) All team members collate and analyze the information inquired and collected to complete the research.
5. Feasibility analysis:
(1) Our research group is very interested in computer technology and has a good foundation, especially in artificial intelligence.
(2) Contacted computer teachers and computer experts from scientific research institutes as instructors;
(3) There are many theoretical research results of artificial intelligence, which provide rich basic support for our research;
(4) We have collected a lot of relevant materials and books.
6. Division of labor among groups: (see 4)
7. Research methods: literature research, interview and observation.
8. Expected results: papers, research reports and interview investigation reports.
9. Presentation: slides, experimental models and oral reports.
Question 7: How to write the project progress in the project application? The research of this project is divided into three stages: 1. March, 2002 to September, 2002 is the preparatory stage of the project research (1). In March 2002, the project leader of the sub-project group organized by the District Audio-visual Education Museum analyzed the current situation of the integration of modern information technology and subject teaching, analyzed the software and hardware resources, and established the project. (2) April 2002-Writing the opening report of the project; Collect study materials. (3) In May and June, 2002, the school organized researchers and experimental teachers to study modern educational theory, constructivism theory, modern educational technology, the integration process of information technology education, and the level of information technology and education integration, and inquired about relevant knowledge on the Internet, and participated in six expert lectures on "Integration of Modern Educational Technology and Subject Teaching" organized by the Municipal Audio-visual Education Center. Through learning, the minds of experimental teachers who participated in the research were armed, the theoretical understanding of the importance of carrying out experiments was improved, and the enthusiasm of teachers to participate in the research was mobilized. (4) July, 2002 —— Experimental teachers taught themselves relevant research methods and modern educational theories, consulted relevant integrated materials and learned from others' experiences. (5) August, 2002 —— Organize the teachers who participated in this research to make a more specific and standardized project research implementation plan according to the research results. 2. From September 2002 to February 2003, the project implementation phase was (1). Since September 2002, according to the work in the first half of the year, key research topics and key researchers have been established. Clear division of labor; Establish an integration approach based on "teacher's demonstration" and supplemented by "students' autonomous learning online teaching", and study "the integration structure model of modern information technology and subject teaching"; In the research, it is mainly discussed in the form of doing class, attending class and evaluating class, and summarized while studying. (2) February, 2002: 10,1,12—— Experimental teachers' investigation, lesson preparation and summary. (3) June 5438+ 10, 2003-Personal report of experimental research, summing up the experience and lessons of half a year, and assigning the tasks of writing stage summary and thesis. (4) February 2003-Write a summary and paper. (5) In March, April, May and June, 2003, experimental teachers gave lectures and conducted research.
Question 8: How to write research topic 1? Propose a theme:
Putting forward a research topic is generally considered from three aspects: background, present situation, foundation (or importance, necessity and possibility).
1. Background: The developed educational situation, new educational ideas, ideas, requirements or teaching concepts, methods and means we are facing have had an important impact on teaching practice.
2. Present situation: The most urgent problem that we must study and solve in time is the gap between the actual situation of education and teaching work in this region and this unit and the changed educational background.
3. Basis: the exploratory research done by the members of the research group or others on this issue, and the preliminary research results that have been obtained.
Second, the definition of the concept:
Refers to the connotation of some important words in the name of the main topic (sometimes including some sub-topics), the research scope of the topic, etc.
Note: The important points of this study need not be repeated.
Third, the theoretical basis:
The research of this topic tries to draw lessons from and apply the main theories, doctrines, viewpoints and principles, so as to obtain the main research ideas and teaching concepts that support this research.
Four, the main research objectives and contents:
The main research goal (the hypothesis of the subject) that I try to achieve through the research of this subject, and which sub-topics the main subject is decomposed into, and the specific research tasks of each sub-topic. There should be a reasonable and close logical relationship between the research purpose of the topic and the sub-topic. The research of each sub-topic can completely show the research framework of the main topic. These sub-topics are relatively independent, interrelated and highly operable, which can be implemented in the education and teaching practice of the members of the research group.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) main research methods and research objects;
1. research methods: mainly including literature method, action research method, investigation method, case study method, experience summary method, etc. , can also be supplemented by mathematical statistics, detection and analysis, tracking and comparison, structure and function, observation, pursuit, attribution, history, experiment and other research methods. It is necessary to explain how to give full play to the instrumental role of the research methods adopted to serve the research of this topic (or sub-topic).
2. The research object generally refers to people, mostly students and some teachers. It is necessary to find out whether we are studying all students or some students (or teachers) in our unit.
VI. Forms of research results:
Generally, it includes research report, collection of essays, compilation of excellent teaching plans or activity designs, compilation of cases, observation class (courseware, CD-ROM), collection of students' works, publication or award-winning of teachers' papers, etc.
Seven, the composition and division of labor of the members of the research group:
The members of the research group should include the project leader, the sub-project leader and the front-line teachers who participate in the research. External lecturers, consultants and other personnel should be treated differently according to their responsibilities and obligations.
The members of the research group shall be responsible for or part-time planning, organization, coordination, overall planning, management, research, guidance and consultancy.
Eight, implementation steps:
1. Preliminary preparation stage:
Establish the main topic and construct the sub-topic; Set up a research group to clarify the division of responsibilities; Establish and improve the learning exchange system; Complete the demonstration and declaration work; Formulate the implementation plan of the main project and the work plan of the subproject; Conduct necessary preliminary investigations or tests.
2.
Research implementation stage: it can be divided into the first stage and the second stage, and the research is carried out according to the implementation plan, during which an interim report can be arranged. The interim report is not vigorous in form, but should pay attention to actual results. Through the interim report, let the members of the research group see the preliminary results of the research, find out the shortcomings or problems, clarify the research tasks in the next stage, then adjust the implementation plan and modify the work plan of the sub-project, so that the later research will not deviate from the direction and lay a good foundation for the smooth end of the project.
3. Appraisal stage: complete the writing of the conclusion report and data collation, and make full preparations for the appraisal of the results.
Question 9: How to write a work schedule and write the contents of the task book in the paper? This is the timetable in my opening report. I think this is a common phenomenon. You should change it a little.
The first stage: 2009. 1. 10-2.28, consulting a large number of literature materials and determining the topic of the thesis;
The second stage: March, 2009.1-3.20, according to the topic of the paper and the specific requirements of the tasks assigned by the tutor, actively do a good job in the preliminary preparation of the paper;
The third stage: March 2, 20091-4.3, completing the topic selection report. Through the topic selection report, get a general understanding of the framework and content of the paper, and with the help of the tutor, sort out the relevant information, make up the blank knowledge points, and prepare for the writing of the paper;
The fourth stage: from April 4, 2009 to April 30, 2009, under the guidance of the tutor, further analyze and sort out the materials and complete the first draft of the paper. Verify the relevant arguments in practical work to improve the practical operability of the paper, hoping that the methods and viewpoints of the paper can be applied and sublimated in practical work;
The fifth stage: May 20091June 7, 2009, discussing with the tutor, summarizing and enriching the research content, and further revising the paper according to the application of the argument in practical work;
The sixth stage: June 8, 2009-June 2009 14, paper review. With the help of the instructor, fully prepare the defense and actively prepare the defense materials;
Seventh stage: June 2009,15 ―― June 2009, 2 1, College and Management Department defended.
D
(1) Improper collocation of verbs and objects? B. The preposition is wrong. Change the word "because" to "for" or "for"? C. If the preposi