Bats can use ultrasonic radar to detect underwater fish, bees can stay in the air for a long time without being affected by airflow, cats can see all kinds of objects in the dark, and dolphins can blindfold and "see" fish 3 kilometers away ... All kinds of animals living with humans on the earth have evolved for hundreds of millions of years, and each animal has its own survival "stunts". Humans have been imitating, but they are far from surpassing.
According to media reports, Russia is developing a bobcat bionic robot, and plans to conduct experiments in the first half of 20 19. Military bionics is an important branch of bionics, which has a history of thousands of years. It is a science that imitates the principle and special function of biological system to create weapons and equipment, develop tactical technology and improve the ability of automatic command and logistics support.
In the study of bionics, those military technologies occupy an important position. If these bionic weapons are put into actual combat, they will subvert future wars.
Bat radar is very sensitive.
Biosensors are not only highly sensitive, anti-jamming, reliable, but also small and exquisite, and consume less energy. For example, a bat called Little Brown Bat, with its own ultrasonic "radar", can find thin lines of 0. 18mm, but its detection organ weighs only 0.05g, and its emission power is only one millionth of a watt. Bats can distinguish food insects from obstacles very accurately, and can also detect the shapes and positions of several targets at the same time.
Even if the noise is 2000 times stronger than its own signal, bats can detect the old bright reflected signal of their "radar". This kind of anti-jamming ability is beyond the reach of modern radar. Especially fish-eating bats in tropical waters can detect fish under the water with ultrasonic radar.
You know, at this time, the intensity of the reflected signal of the fish it receives in the air is only1500,000 times that of the original signal. Therefore, bats have attracted the attention of military technicians who develop radars and discover underwater instruments. Military experts hope to make more sensitive radar and radar anti-jamming devices by imitating bat ears.
The detection distance of dolphin's "acoustic eye"
Dolphin is a marine mammal, and it also uses ultrasound to find and identify targets. If we put a few dolphins in the reverberation mixing pool and a few fish in the water, we will see that although the water in the pool is turbid and the visibility is poor, the dolphins are pouncing on the fish. Every dolphin can eliminate the interference of reverberation sound, and with its own "sonar", it can quickly and accurately detect the positions of many objects and complex spatial motion pictures.
Experiments show that dolphins can not only distinguish the size and nature of fish, but also distinguish objects with different shapes, such as spheres and cones, and even distinguish objects with the same shape and size but different materials.
Even if rubber sucker is used to cover dolphins' eyes, their resolution will not be affected at all. It turns out that the dolphin's "sonar" system has a similar function to the eyes, so it is called "acoustic eyes". This kind of "eyes" of dolphins can "see" fish 3 kilometers away, which is even farther than the detection distance of modern ultrasonic fish finder. Therefore, the study of dolphins has attracted the attention of naval departments.
Fish-eye improved diving instrument
Shooting fish in tropical waters, after finding aerial targets in the water, have the ability to accurately determine their body position and posture, and realize complex correction of light refraction distortion. They spit out strings of water droplets from their mouths and shoot down flying insects four or five meters away from the water and swallow them at once. If you stand by this fish tank and smoke a cigarette, the cigarette can often be put out by it.
Studying and simulating the characteristics of these animals' eyes is helpful to improve some instruments and equipment used by divers and ships.
Dolphins have strange eyes, too. Their eyesight (visual acuity) is the same in water and air. It can find small objects four or five meters above the water surface in the water, and can accurately choose the jumping point, calculate the jumping strength and jump out of the water to catch them at one stroke, just like an excellent high jumper.
Frog-eye pigeon eye positioning target
The research and simulation of animal sensory organs is an important field of bionics. For example, the frog's eyes are very sensitive to small flying insects in the sky. When the insects fly over its head, they will stare at them. Therefore, people imitated the structural principle of frog's eye and made "electronic frog's eye", which has been used to prevent plane collision and track artificial earth satellites.
Similarly, a system for quickly identifying missiles can be designed to shorten the time of trajectory calculation, and an electronic system can be developed to concentrate the firepower of wide weapons on the target.
Pigeon's eyes have the characteristic of finding directional moving targets. According to this revelation, a radio positioning system can be designed to find aircraft flying in a specified direction (such as to an air force airport).
The beetle's compound eye is a special speedometer. According to the time when the moving target appears in each small eye, the beetle knows the speed of the target. Based on this, the aircraft ground speedometer (an instrument for measuring the relative ground flight speed when an aircraft lands) is being tried out.
In this way, two photoelectric receivers are installed at a certain angle in the front of the aircraft, which receive the optical signals of the same ground target on the aircraft route in turn, and calculate the speed of the aircraft to the ground according to the altitude and time difference. It can also be used to measure the speed at which a missile attacks a target.
Birds bring enlightenment to navigation.
There are many outstanding "navigation experts" in the animal kingdom, such as birds, fish, whales and turtles. They can fly thousands or even tens of thousands of kilometers in the air or at sea without getting lost, which provides many valuable inspirations for human beings to develop navigators.
As the first batch of bionic achievements, vibrating gyroscopes imitating the wings of mosquitoes and flies have been applied to supersonic aircraft and missiles. This kind of navigator has no high-speed rotor of ordinary gyroscope, so there is almost no friction and it is sensitive and stable. Polarized compasses that imitate the compound eyes of bees have also been used in navigation and aviation. Even on cloudy days, they can locate themselves according to the sun.
Shell streamlined height reduction tank
Recently, the tank designer put forward a novel design: the tank turret designed with double-shell shells as the model, which is very streamlined. The weapons and equipment in the tanker are arranged according to the digestive organs of mollusks, so they have reached a very close level.
Just like mollusks eat food, ammunition enters the turret from the ammunition box and then is sent to the tail of the gun along the ammunition chute similar to esophagus. The tail is similar to the stomach of a mollusk, and the surrounding medicine chamber is similar to the digestive gland, collecting and discharging the gunpowder gas formed during shooting. Under the shell-shaped roof, there are two seats for the tank crew to lie down. This undoubtedly solves a very important problem in modern tank manufacturing, that is, reducing the height of tanks has achieved remarkable results.
In order to improve the capacity of tanks, some people also imitated the movement mode of some insects and put forward the design of the walking part of light tanks.
Marine animals help ships speed up.
In shipbuilding, navigation and naval activities, many "swimmers" swimming in the vast ocean can provide us with some enlightenment.
For example, dolphins can swim very fast, up to 70 kilometers per hour. It not only has a good streamlined shape, but also has a special skin structure. There is a prototype of a nuclear submarine, which is similar in scale and outline to a dolphin, so it has gained faster speed. Experiments show that if a kind of "artificial dolphin skin" is made of rubber and silicone liquid and wrapped on the shell of small ships and torpedoes, the resistance in water will be greatly reduced.
Besides dolphins, other whales and some fish swim very fast. At present, a whale-shaped ship has been built, and its water resistance can be reduced by about 20%. Others have made several liquids by imitating the mucus on fish. If they are coated on the boat, the resistance will be reduced. In addition, fish will produce a special bending wave when swimming, thus improving the swimming speed. Once the mystery is revealed, people can imitate high-speed ships accordingly.
Wasp drones are hard to find.
Imagine that you are in a war and the enemy is planning the next attack. How much you wish you were a fly or a wasp on the enemy's wall, secretly listening to how the enemy arranges troops, and it is best to record the enemy's voice, transmit image data, and even launch miniature weapons at the enemy.
This 007 myth is becoming a reality. American military engineers are trying to improve the design and make the drone smaller. It can even be as small as a wasp and can fly into various buildings without being easily found. Once these micro air vehicles reach their destination, they can take photos, video and even launch attacks.
Dog smell detection bomb
The U.S. Department of Defense has launched a new research, imitating the dog's sensitive sense of smell and making an artificial olfactory detector that can distinguish various compounds. If this research is successful, it will greatly improve the ability of the US military to detect chemical weapons in war zones. Although the US military has many technologies to detect chemical and biological weapons, no artificial detector is far more effective than the dog's sensitive sense of smell.
Spider silk is very bulletproof.
Biologists have found that the strength of spider silk is five times that of steel wire with the same volume.
Inspired by this, a British technology company tried to make high-strength fibers similar to spider silk. This kind of fiber can be woven by textile technology or made into composite materials, which can be used as structural materials for bulletproof vests, bulletproof vehicles, tanks, armored vehicles and so on. This not only reduces its weight, but also improves its performance. It is reported that the laboratory of the US Department of Energy has also found a way to obtain various elastic components from complete spider silk, which can be used to develop bulletproof vests, artificial tendons and other elastic materials.
According to reports, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that oyster shells also have the ability to resist multiple impacts, and it is expected to develop "armor" and become a new bulletproof material.