Social security construction involves social equity, and paying attention to and pursuing social equity is the essential embodiment of socialist market economy. In the socialist market economy society, fairness not only reflects the operating order under the framework of market economy, but also includes the fairness of legal persons and natural persons who support the market economy system.

In a market economy society, social security should be the basic guarantee of law, and all citizens should be included in the social security system. Farmers are the largest part of the population in China, and rural and agricultural problems are the biggest and most serious problems in China. The establishment of a unified national social security system, including farmers, requires the active action of the state. In the period of social transformation, the government should not be "absent" in providing social security for citizens.

Second, the lack of farmers' social security rights in the dual social structure.

In China, due to the problems left over from history and the unreasonable operating mechanism and mode of the socialist market economy, farmers have long been at the bottom of society and are in a relatively discriminated position, which is an unavoidable social problem. At present, cities have gradually established a relatively perfect social security system, while in rural areas, farmers' social security lags far behind the actual needs, and farmers are actually marginal groups separated from China's social security system. Due to the imbalance between urban and rural development, there is a big difference between urban and rural residents' ability to bear social security costs, and the construction of rural social security is difficult, thus aggravating the unfairness of urban and rural social security. According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the income gap ratio between urban and rural areas in China ranges from 1.995 to 2? 8 to March 2003? 2。 The disposable income of urban families has not included a large number of government transfer payments, such as free medical care, large subsidies for primary and secondary schools, old-age security, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, and minimum living relief. The survey results also show that although the national income gap is not the deterioration of the income situation of low-income people, it is an indisputable fact that the high-income people in the country mainly come from cities and towns. Compared with 1995, the proportion of rural high-income groups in the national total income has declined. From 1995 to 2002, the income gap between urban and rural areas increased significantly from 36% of the national total income to 43%. In 200 1 year, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased by 8? In the same period, the per capita net income of rural residents only increased by 4%, while the former increased by 2? 5 times, the income gap between the two has risen to an unprecedented level. Take the national social security expenditure in recent years as an example. 200 1 Farmers who account for about 70% of the population only account for 1 1% of the total national social security expenditure, while urban residents who account for 30% of the total population account for 89% of the national social security expenditure. From the perspective of per capita ownership, the per capita social security fee of cities is 455 yuan, while that of farmers is only 15 yuan, a difference of 30 times; From the perspective of coverage, the city has reached more than 90%, while the rural area has only 2? 4%。 After the implementation of the contract system, 95% of rural areas in China did not have cooperative medical care. By the end of 2002, among the 800 million farmers in China, only 4.04 million farmers had enjoyed the rural subsistence allowance. This objective gap between urban and rural social security development greatly restricts the development of agricultural production.

Obviously, the above situation shows that urban residents and rural residents are nationals of the same country, but the treatment is different and unequal, and the contrast is strong, which seriously affects the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and social stability. It is urgent to solve these problems. In these problems, rural social security plays an important role. In the overall planning of national and regional economic and social development, farmers are given "national treatment", a fair social security system is realized, and the rights of urban and rural residents are equal. Therefore, it is a requirement of promoting harmonious social development to establish as soon as possible the basic framework of rural social security system which is suitable for the market economy system and is under the responsibility of the central and local governments at all levels.

Third, improve the ruling ability and promote the development of a harmonious society.

Since the reform and opening-up, China's economy has achieved remarkable development and its national strength has been increasing. To a certain extent, there are certain conditions for establishing rural social security. In view of the current situation of China's economic development and problems left over from history, it is still a long and arduous process to cover all farmers and implement the same social security treatment as urban residents under the framework of social security system. It is inevitable to set this goal and work hard. At this stage, the establishment of a relatively perfect rural social security system can only be based on realistic conditions, with selective and focused development, step by step, and solve urgent needs first. Considering China's comprehensive national strength and financial resources, it is suggested that the construction of rural social security should start with medical insurance, minimum living security and old-age insurance.

First, establish basic laws and regulations such as rural medical insurance, rural endowment insurance and rural minimum living security as soon as possible. This is the key to the establishment of rural social security system. Its function is to stabilize rural social economy, promote rural economic growth, alleviate various social contradictions in rural areas, make rural social security work in an orderly manner according to law, and provide rural population with medical insurance, old-age insurance and minimum living security.

Second, raise rural pooling funds and pension funds through multiple channels. It is suggested that the sources of funds can be divided into five aspects: 1. The country is big. That is, take a certain proportion from the annual GDP. State investment should be included in the state budget, and the proportion of this fund in the fiscal expenditure of the current year should be clearly defined, and it should be regulated and funded in the form of legal provisions accordingly, so that the fund can have a fixed source and a stable growth mechanism with the support of the state. The role of state investment is fundamental, which embodies the solid foundation of rural social security backed by the state, can mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society, and embodies the essential characteristics of socialism of mutual assistance. The local government allocated a little. According to local financial resources, formulate and arrange a certain proportion in the annual local financial budget. According to the different levels of economic development in different places, the state-funded part is allocated accordingly. 3. Give a little to the society. In economically developed areas and hometown of overseas Chinese, donations from entrepreneurs and overseas Chinese can be accepted with emphasis. Farmers should give some to themselves. 5 transfer enterprises and migrant workers to pay social insurance premiums for farmers to work in cities. Although the proportion of funds raised by various channels is different, the government should adopt policies and measures to actively guide them, and all sectors of society should also pay attention to them, so as to bring the issue of farmers' social security into the substantive operation track, effectively improve the living conditions of rural residents and make urban and rural areas develop more harmoniously.

Third, effectively supervise, manage and use rural pooling funds and pension funds. For various reasons, some local governments and institutions do misuse funds, such as land acquisition funds, water conservancy funds and urban social security funds for other purposes. In order to prevent the management of rural pooling funds and pension funds from being used for other purposes, it is necessary to establish a set of standardized and legalized methods from the very beginning, and determine them in the form of special laws or regulations, so that they can be well documented and have laws to follow. 1. The fund is established and managed at the county level according to the principle of territoriality. The fund is managed by an institution with independent legal personality and professional management status recognized by the state, that is, an institutional legal person with independent legal personality. 2. Transfer the raised funds to the local bank, set up a special fund account and store it specially to ensure the integrity and safety of the funds. 3. The fund does not pass through the beneficiary's hand in the form of cash, but directly enters a special account. 4. The fund is not subject to the management and interference of other government agencies, and may not be used for other purposes in any form and under any pretext. 5. On the premise of maintaining and increasing the value of the fund, the government can give full play to the advantages of organization and coordination, and on the basis of full demonstration and evaluation, guide the fund management institutions to accumulate some funds to invest in major national projects and projects with remarkable local economic benefits, so as to make the fund play a greater hematopoietic function. 6. On the basis of full investigation and demonstration, formulate perfect payment terms and stipulate the scope of fund payment and compensation standards.

I think the ruling idea of building a harmonious society put forward by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee has great practical and strategic significance. It is beneficial for us to face the severe challenges in the current economic and social development and resolve various contradictions and conflicts in reality. The basis of a harmonious society is pluralism, that is, in a society, the demands of various interest groups can be fully expressed and respected, and their respective interests can be properly coordinated. Only in this case can we maintain a harmonious society, and only in this way can a harmonious society be stable, develop and progress.